scholarly journals Drug resistance, AmpC-β-lactamase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from fish and shrimp

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Viana Albuquerque de Almeida ◽  
Ítalo Mendes Cangussú ◽  
Antonia Leonadia Siqueira de Carvalho ◽  
Izabelly Linhares Ponte Brito ◽  
Renata Albuquerque Costa
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Extended Spectrum

scholarly journals Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBL) and Metallo Beta Lactamases (MBL) Mediated Resistance in Gram Negative Bacterial Pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramila Pathak ◽  
Nandalal Jaishi ◽  
Binod Kumar Yadav ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) along with Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo β-lactamase (MBL) producing gram negative bacterial isolates among the patients attending Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June to December; 2016. Altogether 977 clinical specimens were processed for analysis of bacteriological profile and the isolates were identified by culture, morphological and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion methods following Clinical and Laboratories Standard Institute guideline and the isolates were tested for ESBL and MBL by combined disk method.Results: out of 977 clinical specimens, 254 (25.99%) were found to be gram negative bacterial isolates, among them Klebsiella pneumoniae 83 (32.67%) was the most predominant organism followed by E. coli 51 (20.07%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 36 (14.17%), K. oxytoca 32 (12.59%), Proteus mirabilis 13 (5.11%) and P. vulgaris 13 (5.11%), Acinetobacter spp. 11 (4.33%), Citrobacter spp. 10 (3.93%) and Enterobacter spp. 5 (1.96%) respectively. 83 (32.67%) isolates were found to be MDR, 38(14.96%) were positive for ESBL while 19 (7.48%) were MBL producer.Conclusion: The determent drug resistance among ESBL and MBL producers, reflect the extensive use of antibiotics possessing difficulties in therapeutic potions in hospital setting which might be overcome by proper microbiological analysis of pathogenic isolates and judicious use of antibiotics for emergence of resistance strains.

scholarly journals A high prevalence of multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacilli in a Nepali tertiary care hospital and associated widespread distribution of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-encoding genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulochana Manandhar ◽  
Raphael M. Zellweger ◽  
Nhukesh Maharjan ◽  
Sabina Dongol ◽  
Krishna G. Prajapati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Multi-drug resistance (MDR) and extensive-drug resistance (XDR) associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria are global public health concerns. Data on circulating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Gram-negative bacteria and their correlation with MDR and ESBL phenotypes from Nepal is scarce. Methods A retrospective study was performed investigating the distribution of ESBL and carbapenemase genes and their potential association with ESBL and MDR phenotypes in E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp. and Acinetobacter spp. isolated in a major tertiary hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal, between 2012 and 2018. Results During this period, the hospital isolated 719 E. coli, 532 Klebsiella spp., 520 Enterobacter spp. and 382 Acinetobacter spp.; 1955/2153 (90.1%) of isolates were MDR and half (1080/2153) were ESBL producers. Upon PCR amplification, blaTEM (1281/1771; 72%), blaCTXM-1 (930/1771; 53%) and blaCTXM-8 (419/1771; 24%) were the most prevalent ESBL genes in the enteric bacilli. BlaOXA and blaOXA-51 were the most common blaOXA family genes in the enteric bacilli (918/1771; 25%) and Acinetobacter spp. (218/382; 57%) respectively. Sixteen percent (342/2153) of all isolates and 20% (357/1771) of enteric bacilli harboured blaNDM-1 and blaKPC carbapenemase genes respectively. Of enteric bacilli, Enterobacter spp. was the most frequently positive for blaKPC gene (201/337; 60%). The presence of each blaCTX-M and blaOXA were significantly associated with non-susceptibility to third generation cephalosporins (OR 14.7, p < 0.001 and OR 2.3, p < 0.05, respectively).The presence of each blaTEM, blaCTXM and blaOXA family genes were significantly associated with ESBL positivity (OR 2.96, p < 0.001; OR 14.2, p < 0.001 and OR 1.3, p < 0.05 respectively) and being MDR (OR 1.96, p < 0.001; OR 5.9, p < 0.001 and OR 2.3, p < 0.001 respectively). Conclusions This study documents an alarming level of AMR with high prevalence of MDR ESBL- and carbapenemase-positive ESKAPE microorganisms in our clinical setting. These data suggest a scenario where the clinical management of infected patients is increasingly difficult and requires the use of last-resort antimicrobials, which in turn is likely to intensify the magnitude of global AMR crisis.

scholarly journals Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Septicemic Neonates with Special Reference to Extended Spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC, Metallo β-lactamase Production and Multiple Drug Resistance in Tertiary Care Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 032-037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivali V Gajul ◽  
Shivajirao T Mohite ◽  
Smita S Mangalgi ◽  
Sanjay M Wavare ◽  
Satish V Kakade
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Disk Method

ABSTRACT Background: β-lactamases viz., extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, and metallo β-lactamase (MBL) production in Klebsiella pneumoniae has led to a serious concern about septicemic neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Units due to high resistance against commonly used antimicrobials Purpose:To study the prevalence of ESBL, AmpC, and MBL production in K. pneumoniae isolates in neonatal septicemia, to check antimicrobial susceptibility to various drugs including tigecycline; and to assess burden of multiple drug resistance (MDR). Materials and Methods: Total 24 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae isolated from 318 blood samples of suspected cases of neonatal septicemia were studied. Isolates were screened for ESBL, AmpC, and MBL production by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk method, AmpC cefoxitin screen, and imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime disk screen respectively; and confirmation was done by CLSI phenotypic disk confirmatory test, AmpC sterile disk method, and imipenem ethylenediamine tetracetic acid double disk synergy test respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer's disk diffusion method. Efficacy of tigecycline was evaluated using United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Results: Of the 24 K. pneumoniae isolates, co-production of AmpC + MBL was found in more number of isolates (67%) (P < 0.0001) compared to single enzyme production (ESBL and MBL 8% both, AmpC 12.5%). Rate of resistance for penicillins and cephalosporins was highest. Susceptibility was more for imipenem, co-trimoxazole, and meropenem. Nonsusceptibility to tigecycline was low (21%). A total of 23 (96%) isolates were MDR. Conclusions: Routine detection of ESBL, AmpC, and MBL is required in laboratories. Carbapenems should be kept as a last resort drugs. Trend of tigecycline susceptibility has been noted in the study. Continued monitoring of susceptibility pattern is necessary to detect true burden of resistance for proper management.

scholarly journals Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Gene Sequences in Gram-Negative Saprophytes on Retail Organic and Nonorganic Spinach

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1601-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Raphael ◽  
Lisa K. Wong ◽  
Lee W. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACTA substantial proportion of infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in community and health care settings are recognized to be caused by evolutionarily related GNB strains. Their global spread has been suggested to occur due to human activities, such as food trade and travel. These multidrug-resistant GNB pathogens often harbor mobile drug resistance genes that are highly conserved in their sequences. Because they appear across different GNB species, these genes may have origins other than human pathogens. We hypothesized that saprophytes in common human food products may serve as a reservoir for such genes. Between July 2007 and April 2008, we examined 25 batches of prepackaged retail spinach for cultivatable GNB population structure by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and for antimicrobial drug susceptibility testing and the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes. We found 20 recognized GNB species among 165 (71%) of 231 randomly selected colonies cultured from spinach. Twelve strains suspected to express ESBLs based on resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime were further examined forblaCTX-MandblaTEMgenes. We found a 712-bp sequence inPseudomonas teessideathat was 100% identical to positions 10 to 722 of an 876-bpblaCTX-M-15gene of anE. colistrain. Additionally, we identified newly recognized ESBLblaRAHN-2sequences fromRahnella aquatilis. These observations demonstrate that saprophytes in common fresh produce can harbor drug resistance genes that are also found in internationally circulating strains of GNB pathogens; such a source may thus serve as a reservoir for drug resistance genes that ultimately enter pathogens to affect human health.

scholarly journals Quantifying antibiotic impact on within-host dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance in hospitalized patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Niehus ◽  
Esther van Kleef ◽  
Mo Yin ◽  
Agata Turlej-Rogacka ◽  
Christine Lammens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractAntibiotic exposure can perturb the human gut microbiome and cause changes in the within-host abundance of the genetic determinants of drug-resistance in bacteria. Such within-host dynamics are expected to play an important role in mediating the relationship between antibiotic use and persistence of drug-resistance within a host and its prevalence within a population. Developing a quantitative representation of these within-host dynamics is an important step towards a detailed mechanistic understanding of the population-level processes by which antibiotics select for resistance. Here we study extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms of the Enterobacteriaceae bacterial family. These have been identified as a global public health priority and are resistant to most first-line antibiotics for treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections.We analyse data from 833 rectal swabs from a prospective longitudinal study in three European countries including 133 ESBL-positive hospitalised patients. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the abundance of the CTX-M gene family – the most wide-spread ESBL gene family – and the 16S rRNA gene as a proxy for bacterial load. We find strong dynamic heterogeneity in CTX-M abundance that is largely explained by the variable nature of the swab sampling. Using information on time-varying antibiotic treatments, we develop a dynamic Bayesian model to decompose the serial data into observational variation and ecological signal and to quantify the potentially causal antibiotic effects.We find an association of treatment with cefuroxime or ceftriaxone with increased CTX-M abundance (approximately 21% and 10% daily increase, respectively), while treatment with meropenem or piperacillin-tazobactam is associated with decreased CTX-M (approximately 8% daily decrease for both). Despite a potential risk for indirect selection, oral ciprofloxacin is also associated with decreasing CTX-M (approximately 8% decrease per day). Using our dynamic model to make forward stochastic simulations of CTX-M dynamics, we generate testable predictions about antibiotic impacts on duration of carriage. We find that a typical course of cefuroxime or ceftriaxone is expected to more than double a patient’s carriage duration of CTX-M. A typical course of piperacillin-tazobactam or of meropenem – both options to treat hospital acquired infections (HAI) like pneumonia – would reduce CTX-M carriage time relative to ceftriaxone plus amikacin (also an option to treat HAIs) by about 70%. While most antibiotics showed little association with changes in total bacterial abundance, meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam were associated with decrease in 16S rRNA abundance (3% and 4% daily decrease, respectively).Our study quantifies antibiotic impacts on within-host resistance abundance and resistance carriage, and informs our understanding of how changes in patterns of antibiotic use will affect the prevalence of resistance. This work also provides an analytical framework that can be used more generally to quantify the antibiotic treatment effects on within-host dynamics of determinants of antibiotic resistance using clinical data.

scholarly journals The Magnitude and Drug Resistance Profile of Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase (Esbl) Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria from Different Inanimate Objects at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asegedech Asmamaw Jemberu ◽  
Kassu Desta Tullu ◽  
Yimtubeznash Woldeamanuel Mulate
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistance Profile

Abstract Background: Infections caused by gram-negative bacteria are causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is an important mechanism that is responsible for resistance to the third-generation cephalosporin. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude and drug resistance profile of ESBL producing gram-negative bacteria isolated from various inanimate objects at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Methods: Laboratory based cross-sectional study was conducted involving a total of 216 isolates from January to March 2019. The samples were taken from different inanimate objects at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital using pre-moistened sterile swabs. Screening of ESBLs was done using ESBL CHROME agar and confirmed with combined disk diffusion test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disc diffusion method. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and descriptive statistical tests were performed. Results: 33/216 (15.3%) isolates were found to be ESBL producers based on the confirmatory test (combined disk method). Different ESBL producing gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the various inanimate objects of TASH including, Klebsiella ozaenae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Citrobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Serriatia spp and Acinetobacter spp. The isolates were found to be 100% resistant to ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. Conclusion: It is worrisome to detect ESBL producing gram-negative bacteria from the inanimate objects of TASH, calling for systematic screening of inanimate objects for ESBL and other multidrug-resistant bacteria in the hospital. Furthermore, strengthening the infection prevention practice is vital to halt the transmission of these microorganisms.

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