The influence of cigarette smoke inhalation on bone density: a radiographic study in rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) and its cessation on tibiae bone quality. Forty-one male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Group 1 - control (n = 14), Group 2 - 3 months of CSI and 2 months without exposure to CSI (n = 12), and Group 3 - 5 months of CSI (n = 15). At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed, the tibiae removed and immediately radiographed for photodensitometric analysis. The results showed that continuous exposure to cigarette smoke promoted a significantly reduced bone density (p < 0.05) (3.22 mm Al eq ± 0.58; 2.93 mm Al eq ± 0.45; 1.86 mm Al eq ± 0.35; for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Similar levels of bone density were observed for the control and cessation groups (groups 1 and 2 - p > 0.05). Thus, within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that CSI may affect tibiae bone quality, and CSI cessation results in a return towards the level of the control group.

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Effect of Different Doses of Synthetic Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) on Bone around Implants: a Preclinical Rat Model

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201902199 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 43-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos Eduardo Secco Mafra ◽

Marcelo Sirolli ◽

Marília Cabral Cavalcanti ◽

Rodrigo Basílio Albuquerque dos Santos ◽

Cláudio Mendes Pannuti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Titanium Implant ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Osteogenic Potential ◽

Control Group ◽

Cortical Region ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Bone To Implant Contact ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a lower dose of parathyroid hormone- PTH (1-34) on osteogenic potential of bone healing around titanium implants inserted into the tibia of rats. A blind parallel study was conducted in 45 adult male Wistar rats. Each rat received one titanium implant (4.5 x 2.2 mm) and was randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous injections, three times/week for 30 days, of the following treatments: group 1 - 40 µg/kg of PTH (1-34) (n=15); group 2 - 2 µg/kg of PTH (1-34) (n=15) and; group 3 - only the vehicle required for hormone dissolution (n=15). Thirty days after surgery, the animals were sacrificed and specimens containing the implant and the surrounding bone were removed and processed for non-decalcified sections. The sections were evaluated according to the following histometric parameters: proportion of mineralized tissue (PMT) adjacent to the implant threads (500 µm band); bone filling within the limits of the threads (BF) and; bone-to-implant contact (BIC). For the cortical region, both hormone dosages (groups 1 and 2) promoted better results, for all parameters, when compared to control group (p<0.05). Similar results were observed for the BF parameter in the cancellous region (p=0.0394). Therefore, systemic administration of PTH (1-34) stimulates bone formation around titanium implants, even at low doses.

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Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus)

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.4.1.2016.10867 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bill C. A. Bogar ◽

Lydia Tendean ◽

Grace L. A. Turalaki

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Control Group ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Group 3 ◽

Eurycoma Longifolia Jack ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract: Infertility is an inability of couples to reproduce after carrying out sexual intercourses for at least a year without using any contraceptives. There are 10-15% couples worldwide who experience infertility problems and almost one half of them is on men. Spermatozoa qualities including concentration, motility, and morphology are used as an indicator for men’s fertility. The utilization of herbal medicine (i.e. Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts) is now being an alternative way to improve fertility among the community. This study was carried out to find the effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on spermatozoa qualities. This experimental study was conducted to nine male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing from 200-250 grams, aging from 12-15 months. These nine adult rats were divided into 3 groups of 3 rats each. 400 and 600 mg/kg/day of Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts were orally administrated to group 1 and 2 respectively, while group 3 were treated as control group. After 50 days, the animals of group 1, 2 and 3 were sacrificed. As a result, there is an improvement in qualities of spermatozoa which are statistically significant (p<0,05) in group 2. Thus, provide the beneficial effects of 600mg/kg Eurycoma longifolia Jack extracts on the qualities of spermatozoa.Keywords: pasak bumi, spermatozoaAbstrak: Infertilitas adalah ketidakmampuan pasangan untuk dapat hamil setelah satu tahun berhubungan intim tanpa menggunakan kontrasepsi. Ada sekitar 10 – 15 % pasangan mengalami masalah infertilitas dan hampir setengahnya masalah ada pada pria. Kualitas spermatozoa meliputi konsentrasi, motilitas dan morfologi spermatozoa merupakan salah satu indikator fertilitas pada pria. Penggunaan tanaman herbal atau yang lebih dikenal jamu telah menjadi pengobatan alternatif di masyarakat. Tanaman herbal yang dimaksud adalah pasak bumi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari esktrak pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) terhadap kualitas spermatozoa. Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 ekor tikus wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) dengan berat badan 200-250 g berumur 12-15 bulan. Sembilan ekor wistar dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, dan satu kelompok terdiri dari tiga ekor tikus wistar. Penelitian ini dilaksankan selama 50 hari. Esktrak pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) diberikan dengan dosis 400mg/kgBB per hari pada perlakuan 1 dan dosis 600 mg/kgBB per hari pada perlakuan 2. Setelah 50 hari hewan coba pada kelompok kontrol, perlakuan 1 dan perlakuan 2 diterminasi. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan terjadi peningkatan kualitas spermatozoa yang signifikan secara statistik (p<0,05) pada perlakuan 2 terhadap kelompok kontrol. Hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa Esktrak pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) pada dosis 600 mg/kgBB dapat meningkatkan kualitas spermatozoa.Kata kunci: pasak bumi, spermatozoa

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Cigarette smoke inhalation influences bone healing of post-extraction tooth socket: a histometric study in rats

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402012000300008 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 228-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ana Paula Oliveira Giorgetti ◽

João Batista César Neto ◽

Márcio Zaffalon Casati ◽

Enílson Antonio Sallum ◽

Francisco Humberto Nociti Júnior

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Healing Process ◽

Test Group ◽

Smoke Inhalation ◽

Control Group ◽

Mineralized Tissue ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Socket Healing

The aim of this study was to evaluate, histometrically, the bone healing of the molar extraction socket just after cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI). Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a test group (animals exposed to CSI, starting 3 days before teeth extraction and maintained until sacrifice; n=20) and a control group (animals never exposed to CSI; n=20). Second mandibular molars were bilaterally extracted and the animals (n=5/group/period) were sacrificed at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after surgery. Digital images were analyzed according to the following histometric parameters: osteoid tissue (OT), remaining area (RA), mineralized tissue (MT) and non-mineralized tissue (NMT) in the molar socket. Intergroup analysis showed no significant differences at day 3 (p>0.05) for all parameters. On the 7th day, CSI affected negatively (p<0.05) bone formation with respect to NMT and RA (MT: 36%, NMT: 53%, RA: 12%; and MT: 39%, NMT: 29%, RA: 32%, for the control and test groups, respectively). In contrast, no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found at days 10 and 14. It may be concluded that CSI may affect socket healing from the early events involved in the healing process, which may be critical for the amount and quality of new-bone formation in smokers.

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Preliminary Study on the Effect of Methanolic Extract of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Rind on Prednisolone Suppressed Immunity in Male Wistar Rats

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.9734/jamps/2021/v23i230217 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Nyejirime Young Wike ◽

Mobisson Samuel Kelechi ◽

Godspower Onyeso ◽

Okekem Amadi ◽

Elizabeth Eepho Krukru

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Control Group ◽

Group 4 ◽

Watermelon Rind ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Citrullus lanatus thumb (Cucurbitaceae) commonly called watermelon is widely consumed in this part of the world as food and medicine. This study was carried out to examine the effect of methanolic extract of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind on prednisolone suppressed immunity in male wistar rats. A total of 20 male wistar rats weighing 150-294g were used in 4 groups with five rats each. Group 1, the control group was given distilled water and feed, Group 2 was given 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of watermelon rind, Group 3 rats were given 2.5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone and Group 4 rats were given 2.5 mg/kg body weight of prednisolone and 200 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of watermelon rind. Prednisolone and the methanolic extract of watermelon rind were administered orally for a period of 30 days. Blood samples were collected by cardio puncture from the rats for white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, and granulocyte and monocyte counts at the end of the experiment. The data were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA (Analysis of variance). Data were considered significant at p<0.05. The results obtained showed that methanolic extract of watermelon rind caused a significant increasen in immune function of rats when compared with the control and immune suppressed rats.

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The effect of alveolar decortication on orthodontically induced root resorption

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/051819-344.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 90 (4) ◽

pp. 524-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Po-Jung Chen ◽

Joy H. Chang ◽

Eliane H. Dutra ◽

Ahmad Ahmida ◽

Ravindra Nanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tooth Movement ◽

Root Resorption ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Control Group ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Root Volume ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the effect of alveolar decortication on orthodontically induced root resorption. Materials and Methods A total of 24 male Wistar rats (14 week old) were used. The rats were randomly divided into one of the following three groups: group 1 (control group), orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) for 2 weeks; group 2, OTM for 2 weeks + two alveolar decortications (2AD); group 3, OTM for 2 weeks + four alveolar decortications (4AD). The first molar was moved mesially for 2 weeks. Micro computed tomography was used to analyze root volume. In addition, histological sections were stained with Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) to quantify the osteoclast number. Results The buccal root volume in OTM + 4AD group was decreased by 8.92% and 6.11% when compared with the OTM-only group and OTM + 2AD group, respectively. Similarly, the other four root volumes in the OTM + 4AD group was decreased by 8.99% and 5.24% when compared with the OTM-only group and OTM + 2AD group, respectively. There was a decrease in buccal root density in the OTM + 4AD group by 4.66% and 3.56% when compared with the OTM-only group and the OTM + 2AD group, respectively. In addition, there was an increase in the number of osteoclasts by 195.73% and 98.74% in OTM + 4AD group in comparison with the OTM and OTM + 2AD group. Conclusions The amount of orthodontically induced root resorption was positively correlated with the extent of surgical injury used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.

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Microscopic evaluation of induced tooth movement after subluxation trauma: an experimental study in rats

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2176-9451.19.1.092-099.oar ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 92-99

Author(s):

Mauro Carlos Agner Busato ◽

Alex Luiz Pozzobon Pereira ◽

Celso Koogi Sonoda ◽

Osmar Aparecido Cuoghi ◽

Marcos Rogério de Mendonça

Keyword(s):

Tooth Movement ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Histological Alterations ◽

Microscopic Evaluation ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Dentoalveolar Trauma ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Right

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the histological alterations that occurred in the periodontal area of rat molars submitted to induced tooth movement (ITM) right after an intentional trauma (subluxation). METHODS: Forty adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were selected. The animals were divided into eight groups (n = 5), according to the combination of variables: Group 1 - control (neither trauma nor ITM); Group 2 - ITM; Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 - dentoalveolar trauma groups corresponding, respectively, to 1, 3, 8 and 10 days after trauma; Groups 7 and 8 - the animals' molars were subjected to a 900 cN impact and, one and three days after the trauma event, tooth movement was induced. The rats' maxillary first molars were mesially moved during seven days with a closed coil (50 cN). After the experimental period of each group, the animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdose and the right maxillas were removed and processed for histological analysis under light microscopy. RESULTS: In the animals of group 3, 4, 5 and 6, the histological alterations were not very significant. Consequently, the effect of induced tooth movement right after a subluxation event (groups 7 and 8) was very similar to those described for Group 2. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the quality of periodontal repair when ITM was applied to teeth that had suffered a subluxation trauma.

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Effect of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) on Cytokine Levels and Haemostatic and Biochemical Parameters in A Rat Endotoxaemic Model

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/v10213-012-0012-6 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 63-67

Author(s):

Ramazan Col ◽

Zafer Durgun

Keyword(s):

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

E Coli ◽

Group 4 ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Abstract The presented study was planned to determine whether vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) could prevent cytokine haemostatic, haematological, and biochemical disturbances in LPS-treated rats. Adult male Wistar rats (weight range: 200-250 g) were used. The study included four groups: group 1 served as a control group (C); animals in group 2 were given intravenously 1.6 mg/100 g of LPS (E. coli, serotype 0.111:B4); in group 3, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 25 ng/kg of VIP; in group 4, the same doses of VIP and LPS were injected simultaneously. Blood samples were collected 6 h after treatments. In endotoxaemic rats, platelet count, fibrinogen, and antithrombin levels were decreased, the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were prolonged, and leucopoenia, as well as significant changes in differential leukocyte percentage were demonstrated. In addition, LPS caused statistically significant increases in plasma TNF- , IL-6, and IL-10 levels, and AST, ALT, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations. However, it caused a statistically significant decrease in total protein and albumin levels when compared to control group. The results showed that during endotoxaemia, VIP had moderately therapeutic effect as an antiinflammatory agent, suppressing TNF-α and IL-6, and stimulating IL-10; however, it was not effective against the adverse effect of LPS on investigated haematological and biochemical parameters.

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Changes in bone density and bone quality caused by single fasting for 96 hours in rats

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6161 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. e6161 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yuko Hisatomi ◽

Kenji Kugino

Keyword(s):

Bone Density ◽

Bone Quality ◽

Time Course ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Bone Architecture ◽

Control Group ◽

Fasting Period ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Polar Moment ◽

Ad Libitum

Background Young women occasionally engage in dietary restrictions accompanied by fasting for the purpose of losing weight, but such restrictions have various effects on body functions. The recent increase in the number of people suffering from osteoporosis has become a major social problem mainly in industrialized countries.Therefore, we think it is important to understand the effects of fasting on bone vulnerability, especially to bone quality. Methods Animals used male Wister rats weighing 130 g (6 weeks of age), and were divided into a control group (n = 5) and a fasting group (n = 6). The experimental period was 14 days, the control group had ad libitum food throughout the experimental period, the fasted group was fasted for 4 days, and than, had ad libitum food for 10 days. In this study, parameters related to bone fragility due to three-dimensional bone architecture were determined on Contrast enhanced micro-CT images of the lumbar spine and were used as a method for the evaluation of bone quality. In addition, a time-course observation of each individual was carried out during the fasting period and later upon resuming food intake. Cross-sectional images of all vertebrae were obtained from radiographic computed tomography and were analyzed by using Latheta software ver. 3.0 (Hitachi-Aloka Medical, Nagasaki, Japan). The region of interest that was misrecognized in each cross-sectional image was made consistent with the anatomical structure by carrying out corrections manually and by identifying the cortical bone areas and cancellous bone areas. Results Our findings showed that while single fasting for 96 h did not cause any major change in the macroscopic morphology of bone, it caused a marked decrease in bone density. In addition, the minimum cross-sectional moment, which indicated the “strength against bending” as well as the polar moment that indicated the “strength against torsion” were both lower than in non-fasted rats. Further, after resumption of feeding, bone mineral content in the fasting group recovered rapidly and starting at day 4 after resumption of feeding, there was no difference with the control group. On the other hand, the values of the minimum cross-sectional moment and polar moment did not recover, and the difference with the control group increased during the feeding period. Discussion On the basis of this study, the authors estimate that the fasting-induced decrease in bone minimum cross-sectional moment and polar moment may have been due to changes affecting some factors involved in bone quality, and thus could be useful as a parameter in future studies aimed at elucidating bone quality. At least, in the case where bone change accompanied with a change in macroscopic distribution of mineral components occurs, the values of minimum cross-sectional moment and polar moment are considered to be bone parameters that will provide valuable information to elucidate bone quality.

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THE CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC ROLE OF p-MCA IN AVERTING NDEA INDUCED HEPATIC CARCINOGENESIS IN EXPERIMENTAL WISTAR RATS

10.36106/ijar/4211815 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 53-59

Author(s):

Sriragavi Ravi ◽

N. Nalini

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Primary Liver Cancer ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Control Group ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Group 3

OBJECTIVES: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary liver cancer and second leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the biochemical, histopathological and chemotherapeutic efcacy of p-methoxycinnamic acid (p-MCA) against N- nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Approximately thirty male wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were designated for this study. The rats were arbitrarily separated into ve groups and each group comprised of six rats. Group 1 served as control; Group 2 rats received p-MCA at the dose of 80 mg/kg b.w. Group 3, 4 and 5 rats were induced HCC using NDEA. 2-acetylaminouorene (AAF) was used as a promotor. Group 4 and 5 rats received p-MCA at the doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg b.w. throughout the 12 week experimental period. At the end of the experimental period, liver tissues from all the rats were collected and liver specic enzymes, lipid peroxidation, markers, xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant status and brotic markers were evaluated.RESULTS: NDEA administration induced hepatocyte damage, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, inammation and brosis. The liver sections from NDEA induced group 3 rats showed loss of lobular architecture, morphological changes in the nuclei and DNA damage. Administration of p-MCA to NDEA treated rats restored the hepatic architecture, enzyme activities, cell proliferation, inammation and brosis.CONCLUSION: We conclude that oral administration of p-MCA for 12 weeks exerts a signicant therapeutic effect against HCC by regulating the concentration of specic hepatic and xenobiotic enzymes, suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting cell proliferation and reducing the inammatory response.

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Role of anti-L-selectin antibody in burn and smoke inhalation injury in sheep

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00305.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 283 (5) ◽

pp. L1043-L1050 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jiro Katahira ◽

Kazunori Murakami ◽

Frank C. Schmalstieg ◽

Robert Cox ◽

Hal Hawkins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leukocyte Adhesion ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Inhalation Injury ◽

Lymph Flow ◽

Smoke Inhalation ◽

Control Group ◽

Fluid Flux ◽

Smoke Inhalation Injury ◽

Lung Lymph ◽

Lung Lymph Flow

We hypothesized that the antibody neutralization of L-selectin would decrease the pulmonary abnormalities characteristic of burn and smoke inhalation injury. Three groups of sheep ( n = 18) were prepared and randomized: the LAM-(1–3) group ( n = 6) was injected intravenously with 1 mg/kg of leukocyte adhesion molecule (LAM)-(1-3) (mouse monoclonal antibody against L-selectin) 1 h after the injury, the control group ( n = 6) was not injured or treated, and the nontreatment group ( n = 6) was injured but not treated. All animals were mechanically ventilated during the 48-h experimental period. The ratio of arterial Po 2 to inspired O2 fraction decreased in the LAM-(1–3) and nontreatment groups. Lung lymph flow and pulmonary microvascular permeability were elevated after injury. This elevation was significantly reduced when LAM-(1–3) was administered 1 h after injury. Nitrate/nitrite (NO x ) amounts in plasma and lung lymph increased significantly after the combined injury. These changes were attenuated by posttreatment with LAM-(1–3). These results suggest that the changes in pulmonary transvascular fluid flux result from injury of lung endothelium by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In conclusion, posttreatment with the antibody for L-selectin improved lung lymph flow and permeability index. L-selectin appears to be principally involved in the increased pulmonary transvascular fluid flux observed with burn/smoke insult. L-selectin may be a useful target in the treatment of acute lung injury after burn and smoke inhalation.

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