scholarly journals Cigarette smoke inhalation influences bone healing of post-extraction tooth socket: a histometric study in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Oliveira Giorgetti ◽  
João Batista César Neto ◽  
Márcio Zaffalon Casati ◽  
Enílson Antonio Sallum ◽  
Francisco Humberto Nociti Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineralized Tissue ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Socket Healing

The aim of this study was to evaluate, histometrically, the bone healing of the molar extraction socket just after cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI). Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a test group (animals exposed to CSI, starting 3 days before teeth extraction and maintained until sacrifice; n=20) and a control group (animals never exposed to CSI; n=20). Second mandibular molars were bilaterally extracted and the animals (n=5/group/period) were sacrificed at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after surgery. Digital images were analyzed according to the following histometric parameters: osteoid tissue (OT), remaining area (RA), mineralized tissue (MT) and non-mineralized tissue (NMT) in the molar socket. Intergroup analysis showed no significant differences at day 3 (p>0.05) for all parameters. On the 7th day, CSI affected negatively (p<0.05) bone formation with respect to NMT and RA (MT: 36%, NMT: 53%, RA: 12%; and MT: 39%, NMT: 29%, RA: 32%, for the control and test groups, respectively). In contrast, no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found at days 10 and 14. It may be concluded that CSI may affect socket healing from the early events involved in the healing process, which may be critical for the amount and quality of new-bone formation in smokers.

scholarly journals Cigarette smoke inhalation impairs angiogenesis in early bone healing processes and delays fracture union

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Jui Chang ◽  
I-Ming Jou ◽  
Tung-Tai Wu ◽  
Fong-Chin Su ◽  
Ta-Wei Tai
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Smoking Group

Aims Cigarette smoking has a negative impact on the skeletal system, causes a decrease in bone mass in both young and old patients, and is considered a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. In addition, it disturbs the bone healing process and prolongs the healing time after fractures. The mechanisms by which cigarette smoking impairs fracture healing are not fully understood. There are few studies reporting the effects of cigarette smoking on new blood vessel formation during the early stage of fracture healing. We tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoke inhalation may suppress angiogenesis and delay fracture healing. Methods We established a custom-made chamber with airflow for rats to inhale cigarette smoke continuously, and tested our hypothesis using a femoral osteotomy model, radiograph and microCT imaging, and various biomechanical and biological tests. Results In the smoking group, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining revealed less expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and von Willebrand factor (vWF). The smoking group also had a lower microvessel density than the control group. Image and biochemical analysis also demonstrated delayed bone healing. Conclusion Cigarette smoke inhalation was associated with decreased expression of angiogenic markers in the early bone healing phase and with impaired bone healing. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res. 2020;9(3):99–107.

scholarly journals Use of Platelet-Rich Fibrin Associated with Xenograft in Critical Bone Defects: Histomorphometric Study in Rabbits

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1293
Author(s):  
Paulo Wilson Maia ◽  
Marcelo Lucchesi Teixeira ◽  
Luís Guilherme Scavone de Macedo ◽  
Antonio Carlos Aloise ◽  
Celio Amaral Passos Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Test Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Histomorphometric Study ◽  
Significant Difference

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous material used to improve bone regeneration when associated with bone grafts. It affects tissue angiogenesis, increasing the healing process and, theoretically, presenting potential to increase bone neoformation. The aim of this study was to verify, histomorphometrically, the effects of the association of PRF to a xenograft. Twelve adult white New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned into two groups containing six animals each. After general anesthesia of the animals, two critical defects of 12 mm were created in the rabbit calvaria, one on each side of the sagittal line. Each defect was filled with the following biomaterials: in the control group (CG), xenograft hydrated with saline solution filling one defect and xenograft hydrated with saline solution covered with collagen membrane on the other side; in the test group (TG), xenograft associated with PRF filling the defect of one side and xenograft associated with PRF covered with collagen membrane on the other side. After eight weeks the animals were euthanized and a histomorphometric analysis was performed. The results showed that in the sites that were covered with collagen membrane, there was no statistically significant difference for all the analyzed parameters. However, when comparing the groups without membrane coverage, a statistically significant difference could be observed for the vital mineralized tissue (VMT) and nonmineralized tissue (NMT) parameters, with more VMT in the test group and more NMT in the control group. Regarding the intragroup comparison, the use of the membrane coverage presented significant outcomes in both groups. Therefore, in this experimental model, PRF did not affect the levels of bone formation when a membrane coverage technique was used. However, higher levels of bone formation were observed in the test group when membrane coverage was not used.

Influence of Homemade and Commercial Fibrin Sealant on Alveolar Bone Healing - an Experimental Study.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4110-4110
Author(s):  
Maria Elvira P. Correa ◽  
Oslei P. Almeida ◽  
Danyel Peres ◽  
Marcelo C. Alves ◽  
Fernando F. Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Fibrin Sealant ◽  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Fibrin Sealants

Abstract The beneficial aspects of fibrin sealants for soft tissues are well documented, but studies of their direct influence on bone healing and their effectiveness in augmenting bone graft healing have produced conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fibrin sealants (FS) in the alveolar bone healing process during a period of up to 28 days. Seventy-five Wistar rats were submitted to a superior incisor extraction after intramuscular anesthesia (kentamine chloridrate 10% – 10mg/kg and tiazina chloridrate-5mg/kg). The rats were divided into tree different groups and the sealants were introduced into the alveolar bone. The first group (25) received human homemade fibrin glue, the second group (25) FS associated to factor XIII and aprotinin (Beriplast; Aventis-Beringher) and the third group (25) was the control. Animals were sacrificed by prolonged diethyl inhalation on days 7, 14 and 28 after surgery. Animal craniums were dissected and submitted to a decalcification, and preparated for H&E light microscopy. The morphometric study was performed by means of an interactive computerized image analysis system KS400 (Zeiss, Jena). New bone formation was carefully delimited in four different alveolar regions (apical, two middle areas and cervical) of each specimen. The data were statistically analyzed using multiple regression, ANOVA and Tukey test. Results showed that the amount of alveolar bone formation (μm) in the control group and commercial sealant was statistically similar. However, alveolus receiving homemade sealant presented less amount of new bone formation comparing to commercial sealant and control group (p=0.0034) (figure 1). The present study demonstrated that homemade fibrin sealant delays osteogenic formation. Commercial sealant did not improve alveolar repair however, the amount of new bone formation was slightly higher comparing to the control, probably due to the factor XIII present in this sealant. Figure Figure

scholarly journals Laser Photobiomodulation in the acute inflammatory response of the calcaneal tendon injury in rats exposed to cigarette smoke

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Naira Helena Bohrer Scherer ◽  
Antonio Marcos Vargas da Silva ◽  
Jessié Gutierres ◽  
Carolina Fantinel Veloso ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Pinfildi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Tendon Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Calcaneal Tendon ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Tendon Lesion

ABSTRACT Nicotine delays the healing process and increases the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), an enzyme that plays a key role in the production of reactive oxygen species during the inflammatory process. Laser Photobiomodulation (PBM) is one of the most used electrophysical agents in the treatment of the calcaneal tendon, however, its effects on MPO activity need to be further elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of laser PBM on MPO activity after inflicting an injury to the calcaneal tendon of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Thirty-four male Wistar rats with 90 days of age were used. After 14 days of exposure to cigarette smoke, the animals were divided into three experimental groups: control group (CG, n=12), not submitted to injury or treatment; sham group (ShG, n=10), submitted to partial calcaneal tendon injury and laser PBM simulation; and laser PBM group (PBMG, n=12), submitted to partial calcaneal tendon lesion and treated with laser PBM within the first minute after injury. PBM decreased MPO activity levels in PBMG compared to ShG (CG: 1.38±0.69pg/ml; ShG: 3.78±1.09pg/ml; PBMG: 2.58±0.93pg/ml; p<0.005). In conclusion, applying laser PBM immediately after inflicting damage to the calcaneal tendon attenuates acute inflammatory activity in rats exposed to cigarette smoke.

scholarly journals The influence of cigarette smoke inhalation on bone density: a radiographic study in rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Batista César-Neto ◽  
Bruno Braga Benatti ◽  
Flávio Ricardo Manzi ◽  
Enilson Antônio Sallum ◽  
Antônio Wilson Sallum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI) and its cessation on tibiae bone quality. Forty-one male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Group 1 - control (n = 14), Group 2 - 3 months of CSI and 2 months without exposure to CSI (n = 12), and Group 3 - 5 months of CSI (n = 15). At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed, the tibiae removed and immediately radiographed for photodensitometric analysis. The results showed that continuous exposure to cigarette smoke promoted a significantly reduced bone density (p < 0.05) (3.22 mm Al eq ± 0.58; 2.93 mm Al eq ± 0.45; 1.86 mm Al eq ± 0.35; for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Similar levels of bone density were observed for the control and cessation groups (groups 1 and 2 - p > 0.05). Thus, within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that CSI may affect tibiae bone quality, and CSI cessation results in a return towards the level of the control group.

scholarly journals Effects of cigarette smoke inhalation and coffee consumption on bone formation and osseous integration of hydroxyapatite implant

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR. Andrade ◽  
DCM. Sant'Ana ◽  
JA. Mendes Junior ◽  
M. Moreira ◽  
GC. Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Smoke Inhalation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osseous Integration

The present study aims to assess the effects of cigarette smoke inhalation and/or coffee consumption on bone formation and osseous integration of a dense hydroxyapatite (DHA) implant in rats. For this study, 20 male rats were divided into four groups (n = 5): CT (control) group, CE (coffee) group, CI (cigarette) group and CC (coffee + cigarette) group. During 16 weeks, animals in the CI group were exposed to cigarette smoke inhalation equivalent to 6 cigarettes per day; specimens in the CE group drank coffee as liquid diet; and rats in the CC group were submitted to both substances. In the 6th week a 5 mm slit in the parietal bone and a 4 mm slit in the tibia were performed on the left side: the former was left open while the latter received a DHA implant. As soon as surgeries were finished, the animals returned to their original protocols and after 10 weeks of exposure they were euthanised (ethically sacrificed) and the mentioned bones collected for histological processing. Data showed that exposure to cigarette smoke inhalation and coffee consumption did not interfere in weight gain and that solid and liquid diet consumption was satisfactory. Rats in the CC group showed a decrease in bone neoformation around the tibial DHA implant (31.8 ± 2.8) as well as in bone formation in the parietal slit (28.6 ± 2.2). On their own, cigarette smoke inhalation or coffee consumption also led to diminished bone neoformation around the implant and delayed the bone repair process in relation to the CT group. However, reduction in the bone repair process was accentuated with exposure to both cigarette smoke inhalation and coffee consumption in this study.

Dietary Calcium Supplementation Suppresses Bone Formation in Magnesium-Deficient Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Matsuzaki ◽  
Misao Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Mineral Apposition Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Bone Formation Rate ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) supplementation on bone metabolism of magnesium (Mg)-deficient rats. Male Wistar rats were randomized by weight into three groups, and fed a control diet (control group), a Mg-deficient diet (Mg- group) or a Mg-deficient diet having twice the control Ca concentrations (Mg-2Ca group) for 14 days. Trabecular bone volume was significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Trabecular number was also significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Mineralizing bone surface, mineral apposition rate (MAR), and surface referent bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Furthermore, MAR and BFR/BS were significantly lower in the Mg-2Ca group than in the Mg - group. These results suggest that dietary Ca supplementation suppresses bone formation in Mg-deficient rats.

scholarly journals Bone Regeneration Assessment of Polycaprolactone Membrane on Critical-Size Defects in Rat Calvaria

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Farnezi Bassi ◽  
Vinícius Ferreira Bizelli ◽  
Tamires Mello Francatti ◽  
Ana Carulina Rezende de Moares Ferreira ◽  
Járede Carvalho Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Rat Calvaria

Biomaterials for use in guided bone regeneration (GBR) are constantly being investigated and developed to improve clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the biological performance of different membranes during the bone healing process of 8 mm critical defects in rat calvaria in order to assess their influence on the quality of the newly formed bone. Seventy-two adult male rats were divided into three experimental groups (n = 24) based on the membranes used: the CG—membrane-free control group (only blood clot, negative control), BG—porcine collagen membrane group (Bio-Guide®, positive control), and the PCL—polycaprolactone (enriched with 5% hydroxyapatite) membrane group (experimental group). Histological and histometric analyses were performed at 7, 15, 30, and 60 days postoperatively. The quantitative data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). At 7 and 15 days, the inflammatory responses in the BG and PCL groups were significantly different (p < 0.05). The PCL group, at 15 days, showed a large area of newly formed bone. At 30 and 60 days postoperatively, the PCL and BG groups exhibited similar bone healing, including some specimens showing complete closure of the critical defect (p = 0.799). Thus, the PCL membrane was biocompatible, and has the potential to help with GBR procedures.

scholarly journals The use of Portland cement in the repair of mandibular fractures in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-432
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Inojosa Carneiro Campello ◽  
Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito Vasconcelos ◽  
Gerhilde Callou Sampaio ◽  
Antonio Rolim ◽  
Gabriela Granja Porto
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Mandibular Fracture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mandibular Fractures ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

PURPOSE: To evaluate the bone healing of mandibular fractures following the use of Portland cement. METHODS: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into control and experimental groups. In the control group the rats were submitted to a mandibular fracture, which was reduced, and the soft tissues were sutured. In the experimental group the rats had the mandibular fracture reduced and maintained with the Portland cement. The animals were euthanized 7 and 21 days after surgery by injecting a lethal dose of anesthetic. The following variables were studied: weight of the animals, radiographic images, histopathological features and time of surgery. RESULTS: A weight loss was observed in the specimens of both groups at the different times of evaluation, a greater difference in weight before and after surgery being found in the experimental group, which was statistically significant (p <0.05, p = 0.041). From the histological point of view, with a margin of error (5.0%) the only two significant differences (p <0.05) recorded in the variables were "Material deployed" and "Bone resorption" during the evaluations at 7 and 21 days, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Portland cement served to promote bone healing.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN GEL KOMBINASI EKSTRAK GETAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) DAN EKSTRAK DAGING LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera) TERHADAP PROSES PENYEMBUHAN ULKUS TRAUMATIKUS PADA MALE WISTAR RATS YANG MENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Umi Kulsum ◽  
Ratnawati Hendari ◽  
Siti Chumaeroh
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ulcer Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Papaya Latex

Introduction: Research on the use of papaya and aloevera sap on wound healing each been done, but effects the combination of the two extracts on wound healing in diabetes mellitus condition has not been done.Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of a gel combination of papaya latex and aloevera flesh extracts on the traumatics ulcer healing process in diabetic rats.Methods: True experimental laboratory research with the post-test-only control group design that performed on 28 male wistar rats which were divided intofour groups: DM and non-DM rat that treatment with povidone iodine and gel combination of papaya latex and aloevera flesh extract. The treatment was done for 7 days with smearing that was given 2x/day. Traumatics ulcer healing seen from the number of fibroblasts that then were analyzed by One WayAnova and post hoc LSD test.Results: The results showed the number of fibroblasts in DM and non-DM rat with povidone iodine were 44.6 and 42.73; in the DM and non-DM rat with a gel combination of papaya latex and aloe vera flesh extracts were 61.10 and 77.03. One Way Anova test resulted p-value = 0.000, it was mean that there were at least a significant difference on the number of fibroblasts in the two groups. Differences of the number fibroblasts was shown in all groups, except in the group DM and non-DM rats with povidone iodine (p = 0.764).Conclusion: Conclusion of the study was the provision of a gel combination of papaya latex and aloevera flesh extracts effect on the traumatics ulcer healing process in diabetic rats.

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