HEALTH RISKS THAT CAT SCRATCH DISEASE CREATES IN HUMANS, CONTROL AND TREATMENT CHOICES

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Ali BİLGİLİ ◽  
Başak HANEDAN ◽  
Muhammet Haydar UYSAL
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cat Scratch Disease ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
The World ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control

It is concluded that animal health affects directly human health considering the fact that major part of diseases in humans result from animals. Bartonella agents are isolated from humans, rodents, rabbits, dogs, ruminants, wild and domestic cats. Bartonella infections are most commonly seen in domestic cats. Cats are considered primary mammalian reservoir in the transmission of zoonotic Bartonella (B.) henselae and B. clarridgeiae infections. Bartonella, vector-borne pathogen commonly appeared in our country and the world, can cause from mild flu signs to severe diseases such as endocarditis, myocarditis, arthritis, hepatitis in humans and animals. After Bartonella infections are transmitted by fleas to cats, cats may remain chronically infected with bacteria for months or years and especially they can transmit the infection to humans by bites or scratches. Cats infected by Bartonella spp. without any clinical signs can transmit the infection to humans. In the context of this review in the light of mentioned knowledge, data were presented for prevalence situations belonging to regions and countries that Bartonella infection commonly occurs in Turkey and the world. In addition, knowledge was given obtained from recent scientific sources for transmission ways of bartonellosis, clinical signs that it causes in humans and animals, diagnosis methods, treatment and control.

THE 2019 NOVEL PANDEMIC OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19): A STUDY OF EXISTING EVIDENCE IN THE INDIAN POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Shrikant Verma ◽  
Mohammad Abbas ◽  
Sushma Verma ◽  
Syed Tasleem Raza ◽  
Farzana Mahdi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
General Wellbeing ◽  
Different Parts

A novel spillover coronavirus (nCoV), with its epicenter in Wuhan, China's People's Republic, has emerged as an international public health emergency. This began as an outbreak in December 2019, and till November eighth, 2020, there have been 8.5 million affirmed instances of novel Covid disease2019 (COVID-19) in India, with 1,26,611 deaths, resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 1.48 percent. Coronavirus clinical signs are fundamentally the same as those of other respiratory infections. In different parts of the world, the quantity of research center affirmed cases and related passings are rising consistently. The COVID- 19 is an arising pandemic-responsible viral infection. Coronavirus has influenced huge parts of the total populace, which has prompted a global general wellbeing crisis, setting all health associations on high attentive. This review sums up the overall landmass, virology, pathogenesis, the study of disease transmission, clinical introduction, determination, treatment, and control of COVID-19 with the reference to India.

scholarly journals Invasive Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), an Allergy and Health Challenge

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
M. Iftikhar Hussain ◽  
Ross T. Shackleton ◽  
Ali El-Keblawy ◽  
María Del Mar Trigo Pérez ◽  
Luís González
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Pollen Load ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Allergens

Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC), is an medium-sized tree (family Fabaceae, subfamily Mimosoideae), that has been intorcuded around the world. It is a noxious invasive species in Africa, Asia, and the Arabian Peninsula and a source of highly allergenic pollen in. The present article reviews the adverse allergenic effects of P. juliflora pollen on human and animal health. Several studies have diagnosed that allergenic pollens from Prosopis spp. can provoke respiratory problems. Prosopis pollen extracts have 16 allergenic components of which nine proteins were recognized as major allergens with some of them showing cross-reactivity. Clinically, understanding Prosopis pollen production, flowering seasonality, pollen load, and dispersal in the atmosphere are important to avoid allergic consequences for local inhabitants. Climate change and other pollution can also help to further facilitate allergenic issues. Furthermore, we document other human and animal health problems caused by invasive Prosopis trees. This includes flesh injuries, dental and gastric problems, and the facilitation of malaria. This review summarizes and enhances the existing knowledge about Prosopis flowering phenology, aeroallergen, and other human and animal health risks associated with this noxious plant.

scholarly journals Insights into dog owner perspectives on risks, benefits, and nutritional value of raw diets compared to commercial cooked diets

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10383
Author(s):  
Alysia Empert-Gallegos ◽  
Sally Hill ◽  
Philippa S. Yam
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Nutrition Risk ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
The World ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Repeated Words

Background The practice of feeding a raw meat-based diet (RMBD) to dogs is a topic of increasing interest to owners and veterinary professionals alike. Despite the research around the practice, particularly about the risk of nutritional imbalances and microbial contamination, an increasing number of dog owners are adopting a raw diet for their dogs. This study expands the research into owner motivations for feeding RMBDs and cooked diets and asks them their opinions about risk and nutritional value. Methods An anonymized, online, internationally accessible questionnaire was developed to ascertain owner perspectives on the risks, benefits, and nutritional value of commercially prepared and homemade RMBDs as compared with commercially prepared cooked diets (CCDs). Results The questionnaire was completed by 419 dog owners of diverse backgrounds across the world. Of the participants, 25.3% fed RMBDs. Just over 70.0% of all participants had spoken to their veterinarian about their dog’s nutrition. Owners who fed RMBDs ranked their veterinarian’s knowledge lower and their own knowledge of canine nutrition higher than owners who fed CCDs. They rated commercial and homemade RMBDs as highly nutritious 83.5% and 73.6% of the time, respectively, while only 12.5% rated CCDs as highly nutritious. Owners who fed CCDs ranked RMBDs as highly nutritious less often, but also only ranked CCDs as highly nutritious 52.7% of the time. All participants agreed that CCDs were low risk to human health. Owners who fed RMBDs ranked raw diets as highly risky to human or dog health under 20.0% of the time but deemed CCDs risky to animal health over 65.0% of the time. When asked about benefits of raw diets, the most repeated words offered by owners were “health”, “better”, “coat” and “teeth”. The most repeated risks presented were “bacteria”, “nutrition”, “risk” and “Salmonella”. Owners who fed RMBDs tended to use vague terminology like “health” and “better” when asked why they fed a raw diet. Owners who did not feed RMBDs used more specific terminology like “expensive”, “time” and “risk” when asked why they did not feed a raw diet. Overall, the two groups differed in their perceptions around RMBD and CCD feeding, which highlights the need for a better line of communication and education between veterinarians and owners.

scholarly journals PUBLIC POLICIES AND ANIMAL WELL BEING: A BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 040-047
Author(s):  
Gil Dutra Furtado ◽  
Grazielly Diniz Duarte ◽  
Flávio Santos Guimarães ◽  
Soraya Abrantes Pinto de Brito ◽  
Martin Lindsey Christoffersen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
And Control

The populational control of wandering animals and the well-being of animals are among the non-resolved public policies in Brazil. The lack (or non-application) of educational and punitive laws in the area are some of the reasons for implementing Federal, State, and Municipal Public Policies dealing with this issue. The aim of this literature review is to reflect on the need for developing public policies focused on the surveillance and control of zoonoses in Brazil. By deductive reasoning, associated with bibliographic revision and documental research, we studied the norms, doctrines, and philosophical currents relevant to the area. We provide a brief summary of public policies in general. Next, we approach the concept of unified health, that considers the interdependency between human health, animal health and environmental health. We analyze the judicialization of public policies so that the State and the collectivity observe their duty to guard animals and protect the fauna. In this way, they may indirectly help to protect the human being. We try to enforce the implementation of public policies centered on the protection of animals, of the environment, and of human beings deriving from the concept of unified health.

Review / SynthèseBioaerosols from municipal and animal wastes: background and contemporary issues

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 681-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh D Pillai ◽  
Steven C Ricke
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Animal Wastes ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Global population increases, coupled with intensive animal and livestock production practices, have resulted in the generation, accumulation, and disposal of large amounts of wastes around the world. Aerosolization of microbial pathogens, endotoxins, odors, and dust particles is an inevitable consequence of the generation and handling of waste material. Bioaerosols can be a source of microbial pathogens, endotoxins, and other allergens. Given the close proximity of population centers to concentrated animal-rearing operations and municipal treatment facilities in many parts of the world, there is concern regarding the occupational and public health impacts associated with the exposure to bioaerosols from municipal and animal wastes. Major advances have been made in our understanding of bioaerosol characteristics, identifying the hazards, and identifying possible human and animal health links with aerosolized pathogens and allergens. However, significant knowledge and technology gaps still exist. These include a lack of clear understanding of the fate and transport of bioaerosols, especially within the open environment, an inability to accurately predict the health risks associated with bioaerosolized pathogens, and a lack of standardized bioaerosol sampling protocols, and efficient samplers. This review synthesizes the information related to bioaerosols and addresses the contemporary issues associated with bioaerosols from municipal and animal wastes, with a focus on pathogens.Key words: bioaerosols, pathogens, biosolids, animal wastes, health risks.

scholarly journals Enteric Viruses of Humans and Animals in Aquatic Environments: Health Risks, Detection, and Potential Water Quality Assessment Tools

2005 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theng-Theng Fong ◽  
Erin K. Lipp
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Wide Range

SUMMARY Waterborne enteric viruses threaten both human and animal health. These pathogens are host specific and cause a wide range of diseases and symptoms in humans or other animals. While considerable research has documented the risk of enteric viruses to human health from contact with contaminated water, the current bacterial indicator-based methods for evaluation of water quality are often ineffectual proxies for pathogenic viruses. Additionally, relatively little work has specifically investigated the risk of waterborne viruses to animal health, and this risk currently is not addressed by routine water quality assessments. Nonetheless, because of their host specificity, enteric viruses can fulfill a unique role both for assessing health risks and as measures of contamination source in a watershed, yet the use of animal, as well as human, host-specific viruses in determining sources of fecal pollution has received little attention. With improved molecular detection assays, viruses from key host groups can be targeted directly using PCR amplification or hybridization with a high level of sensitivity and specificity. A multispecies viral analysis would provide needed information for controlling pollution by source, determining human health risks based on assessments of human virus loading and exposure, and determining potential risks to production animal health and could indicate the potential for the presence of other zoonotic pathogens. While there is a need to better understand the prevalence and environmental distribution of nonhuman enteric viruses, the development of improved methods for specific and sensitive detection will facilitate the use of these microbes for library-independent source tracking and water quality assessment tools.

scholarly journals Veterinary education for global animal and public health, D.A. Walsh : book review

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M.E. McCrindle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
And Control ◽  
World Organisation

This 28th annual volume published by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), addresses the need for a global shift in the way veterinary students are taught veterinary public health (VPH). As well as taking the lead in prevention and control of animal diseases, the OIE develops health and welfare standards to promote food security and equitable international trade in animals and animal products.

Salmonella spp. in pigs: an update on diagnostics and control

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Christina Gale ◽  
Eduardo Velazquez
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Diagnostics And Control ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
And Control ◽  
On Farm

Salmonella spp. is an important topic for both human and animal health, particularly Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium including its monophasic strains. Salmonella is an increasing problem on pig farms and the bacteria are transmitted through breeding pyramids, and can spread rapidly due to the high number of subclinical cases. Therefore, diagnosis on farm is extremely important, ensuring sampling from all areas of the unit to gain the overall infection picture. Modern diagnostic techniques allow differentiation between field and vaccine strains which is extremely important when implementing a vaccination programme on the farm. Vaccination accompanied by hygiene and biosecurity measures make up the three pillars of Salmonella spp. control, each of which should be given equal attention. Vaccination has been shown to be very effective in reducing environmental pressure and therefore prevalence and clinical signs due to S. enterica ser. Typhimurium. Vaccination forms part of successful Salmonella spp. control, although it is important to remember that Salmonella spp. control requires a long-term approach using a combination of interventions and avoiding the long-term use of antimicrobial treatment.

scholarly journals Animal Reservoirs and Hosts for Emerging Alpha- and Betacoronaviruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Ghai ◽  
Ann Carpenter ◽  
Meghan Herring ◽  
Krystalyn Martin ◽  
Susan Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

The ongoing global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has once again demonstrated the significance of the Coronaviridae family in causing human disease outbreaks. As SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in December 2019, information on its tropism, host range, and clinical presentation in animals is limited. Given the limited information, data from other coronaviruses may be useful to inform scientific inquiry, risk assessment and decision-making. We review the endemic and emerging alpha- and betacoronavirus infections of wildlife, livestock, and companion animals, and provide information on the receptor usage, known hosts, and clinical signs associated with each host for 15 coronaviruses discovered in people and animals. This information can be used to guide implementation of a One Health approach that involves human health, animal health, environmental, and other relevant partners in developing strategies for preparedness, response, and control to current and future coronavirus disease threats.

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