scholarly journals Process Intensification: Activated Carbon Production from Biochar Produced by Gasification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Erdem ◽  
Murat Dogru
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Activated Biochar ◽  
Two Samples

The recent increase in the number of policies to protect the environment has led to a rise in the worldwide demand for activated carbon, which is the most extensively utilized adsorbent in numerous industries and has a high probability to be used in energy and agriculture sectors as electrodes in supercapacitors and for fertilizer production. This paper is about the production of activated biochar from oak woodchips char generated by an updraft fixed bed gasifier reactor. Following this, by using steam as activating agents and thermal energy from produced syngas, the resulting highly microporous carbonaceous bio-material has been subjected to physical activation at 750 °C. The properties of activated biochar include adsorption/desorption of N2 in order to identify the physical adsorption and surface area measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biochar surface area, generated as a result of the gasification process, showed substantial improvement after steam activation. Also, significant discrepancies were obtained from the surface volume and areas of biochar by-products from the gasifier and activated biochar obtained by steam activation after the gasification treatment [Total pore volume 0.022 cm3 g−1 and 0.231 cm3 g−1, BET surface area 21.35 and 458.28 m2 g−1, respectively]. Besides, the two samples yielded noteworthy differences in their performances. As a consequence, the kinetics of steam gasification is quicker and more efficient for the conversion of the biochar to activated carbon. The pore sizes of the carbon produced by steam activation were distributed over a wide spectrum of values, and both micro and mesoporous structures were developed.

scholarly journals Activated Carbon Produced by Pyrolysis of Waste Wood and Straw for Potential Wastewater Adsorption

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Januszewicz ◽  
Paweł Kazimierski ◽  
Maciej Klein ◽  
Dariusz Kardaś ◽  
Justyna Łuczak
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Carbon Production

Pyrolysis of straw pellets and wood strips was performed in a fixed bed reactor. The chars, solid products of thermal degradation, were used as potential materials for activated carbon production. Chemical and physical activation processes were used to compare properties of the products. The chemical activation agent KOH was chosen and the physical activation was conducted with steam and carbon dioxide as oxidising gases. The effect of the activation process on the surface area, pore volume, structure and composition of the biochar was examined. The samples with the highest surface area (1349.6 and 1194.4 m2/g for straw and wood activated carbons, respectively) were obtained when the chemical activation with KOH solution was applied. The sample with the highest surface area was used as an adsorbent for model wastewater contamination removal.

Characteristics of Potassium Acetate - Activated Coconut Shell Carbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 1043 ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
Noor Shawal Nasri ◽  
Jibril Mohammed ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Usman Dadum Hamza ◽  
Husna Mohd. Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Potassium Acetate ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Physical Activation

There is significant portion of agricultural wastes in the world posing environmental challenge; however, they could be converted into useful products like activated carbon. In this study, coconut shell based carbons were synthesized using chemical activation with potassium acetate (PAAC), potassium hydroxide (PHAC) and physical activation by CO2 (CSAC). The properties of potassium acetate-activated carbon were characterized and the results were compared with the other activation methods. The pyrolysis temperature of 700°C for 2h yielded 32% of char. The BET surface area and pore volume of PAAC are 622m2/g and 0.31cm3/g; while 369m2/g and 0.19cm3/g, and 1354m2/g and 0.61cm3/g were recorded for CSAC and PHAC, respectively. CSAC yielded lower surface area with approximately 88% micropores. On the other hand, PAAC yielded higher surface area with approximately 50% of both micropores and mesopores, whereby this heteroporous property would suffice for a wider range of application. From the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis, hydroxyls, alkenes, carbonyls and aromatics functional groups were identified with more prominent peaks on the chemically activated porous carbons. From thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), lignin decomposition occurred in a wider temperature range (390-650°C). The properties of PAAC could offer a sustainable means for treatment of toxic waste streams.

Microwave-Alkali Activation on the Morphology and Structure of Bamboo Activated Carbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
pp. 154-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlena Hamzah ◽  
Mahanim Sarif ◽  
Farah Nur Zaiham Zulkifli ◽  
Nur Hamizah Ismail ◽  
Shareena Fairuz Abdul Manaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A study was conducted for production of activated carbon (AC) from industrial bamboo waste using carbonization and Microwave-alkali (Mw-A) activation techniques. The aim of the study is to produce activated carbon with higher surface area via Mw-A activation techniques. The study was focused on the effect of activation (KOH soaking and Mw-A) and carbonization temperature (400oC and 500oC) on the physical and chemical structure of AC. The analysis was conducted using proximate analysis, BET surface area, FESEM and FTIR analysis. The morphology and characteristic study on activated carbon shown that Mw-A activation techniques gave higher BET surface area and well develop pore structure. The results indicated that Mw-A activation of activated carbon gave BET surface area of 950m2g-1, whereas by using steam activation only 719 m2g-1 of BET surface area was recorded. Higher carbonization temperature for Mw-A treated bamboo produced higher surface area of AC. At 500oC, 1578m2g-1 BET surface area of AC was achieved. This work highlighted, Mw-A activation can be applied and further enhanced to obtain higher surface area of activated carbon derived from industrial bamboo waste.

Sea Mango Activated Carbon Preparation and Characterization for Dye Removal

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Sethupathi Sumathi ◽  
Wei Liang Chong ◽  
Mohamed J.K. Bashir ◽  
Choon Aun Ng ◽  
Kanthasamy Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature

The conversion of sea mango oil into non-edible feedstock for biodiesel will lead to the production of abundant sea mango biomass as waste. Thus in this study, the potential of converting sea mango fiber waste into a value added product was analyzed. Sea mango fiber was utilized to produce activated carbon and was tested on dye removal. The sea mango activated carbon (SMAC) was prepared using physical activation by carbon dioxide. The preparation was carried out by varying the activation temperature (600-900 °C), gas flow rate (50–300 ml/min) and activation time (1.0-2.5 h). The parameters are manipulated using Design of Experiment. The prepared activated carbon was tested on methylene blue dye. SMAC was characterized by SEM, FTIR and BET surface area. Results showed that activation temperature and time have significant effect on the characteristic of SMAC and removal of dye. The optimum conditions for preparing the SMAC having the highest dye removal were found to be activation temperature of 810 °C, 178 ml/min of carbon dioxide flow and 1.9 h of activation time. The results showed that the BET surface area and dye removal efficiency of the SMAC are 540 m2/g and 95.6 % respectively.

Physical (Steam) Activation of Post-Gasification Biochar Derived From Peach Pits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Muñoz-Hernández ◽  
Sina Dehghan ◽  
Gerardo Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Activated Biochar ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Activation Times

Activated carbon is one of the most effective materials for removing a wide range of contaminants from water, e.g., industrial and municipal wastewater. In this paper, physical (steam) activation of peach pit biochar obtained from a biomass gasification power plant is explored. Activation experiments were carried out at various temperatures, steam flow rates, and activation times. The initial biochar and activated biochar samples have been analyzed for porosity, chemical composition and surface morphology. From the porosity analyses it was determined that the raw biochar had a surface area in the order of 1 m2/g, whereas the activated samples had surface areas ranging from 379 m2/g to nearly 600 m2/g. The burn off ranged from 29 % to 56 %. Energy wise, the biochar sample processed for the shortest time with the lowest flow rate had the largest ratio of surface area-to-consumed energy.

Activated Carbon Fiber for Super-Capacitor Electrode

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 510-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Jun Zhang ◽  
Hai Yan Li ◽  
Yan Hong Tian
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activation Method ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Catalytic Activation ◽  
Capacitance Performance

Activated carbon fibers(ACFs) were prepared from general pitch-based carbon fiber by steam activation and catalytic activation method, respectively. The surface area and pore structure of the resultant ACFs were analyzed by N2 adsorption, and electrochemical performances as electrodes of super capacitors were characterized by galvanostatic, cyclic voltammograms and AC impedance spectrum analysis. The results show that ACFs prepared by both methods have similar BET surface area, while their pore size and distribution are different. Compared with steam activation, catalytic activation results in ACFs with high mesoporosity of 40%. The electrode performances show that the specific capacitances of ACFs prepared by catalytic activation method could be 213 F/g, two times of that of ACFs prepared by steam activation method, and more mesopores are the reason for the good capacitance performance.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Using Activated Carbon From Agro Waste-Waste Bamboo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ayodele ◽  
Victoria Ezeagwula ◽  
Precious Igbokwubiri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area

Abstract Bamboo trees are one of the fastest growing trees in tropical rainforests around the world, they have various uses ranging from construction to fly ash generation used in oil and gas cementing, to development of activated carbon which is one of the latest uses of bamboo trees. This paper focuses on development of activated carbon from bamboo trees for carbon capture and sequestration. The need for improved air quality becomes imperative as the SDG Goal 12 and SDG Goal13 implies. One of the major greenhouse gases is CO2 which accounts for over 80% of greenhouse gases in the environment. Eliminating the greenhouse gases without adding another pollutant to the environment is highly sought after in the 21st century. Bamboo trees are mostly seen as agricultural waste with the advent of scaffolding and other support systems being in the construction industry. Instead of burning bamboo trees or using them for cooking in the local communities which in turn generates CO2 and fly ash, an alternative was considered in this research work, which is the usage of bamboo trees to generate activated, moderately porous and high surface area carbon for extracting CO2 from various CO2 discharge sources atmosphere and for water purification. This paper focuses on the quality testing of activated carbon that can effectively absorb CO2. The porosity, pore volume, bulk volume, and BET surface area were measured. The porosity of the activated carbon is 27%, BET surface area as 1260m²/g. Fixed carbon was 11.7%, Volatility 73%, ash content 1.7%.

Titanium nitride nanopowders produced via sodium reductionin liquid ammonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyan Yuan ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Hongmin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Tem Analysis

Titanium nitride nanopowders were synthesized through a chemical reduction of titanium tetrachloride by sodium in liquid ammonia. The products of the reaction were the mixture of sodium chloride and titanium nitride nanopowders. The mixture was then separated by ammonia extraction. The nanopowders were heated under vacuum up to 1200 °C and were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area measurement, and chemical analysis. The results show that the product is nanocrystalline cubic phase TiN with Ti/N atomic ratio performed 1:1, and the surface area is from 20 to 50 m2 ·g−1 depending on the heating temperature. The particle sizes estimated by the TEM analysis correspond well with the results of the surface area measurements. The XRD pattern indicates that the crystal size grows with an increase in heating temperature.

scholarly journals Influence of the precursor chemical composition on heavy metal adsorption properties of hemp (Cannabis Sativa) fibers based biocarbon

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1417-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Vukcevic ◽  
Biljana Pejic ◽  
Ivana Pajic-Lijakovic ◽  
Ana Kalijadis ◽  
Mirjana Kostic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Hemp Fibers

Waste hemp (Cannabis sativa) fibers were used as sustainable and renewable raw materials for production of low-cost biocarbon sorbent for heavy metals removal. Carbon precursors of different chemical composition were obtained by oxidative and alkaline treatments of hemp fibers. Influence of lignocellulosic precursor chemical composition on hemp fibers-based biocarbon (HFB) characteristics was examined by BET surface area measurement, scanning electron microscopy and mass titration. It was found that lignin content and polymorphic transformation of cellulose increase the SBET of microporous HFBs, while hemicelluloses induce more homogeneous distribution of adsorption active sites. Heavy metal ions adsorption onto HFBs is primarily influenced by the amount of surface oxygen groups, while specific surface area plays a secondary role. Equilibrium data obtained for lead ions adsorption were analyzed by different nonlinear adsorption isotherms, and the best fitting model was chosen using standard deviation and Akaike information criterion (AICC). The maximum adsorption capacities of HFBs ranged from 103.1 to 116.3 mg Pb/g. Thermodynamic parameters showed that Pb2+ adsorption onto HFBs is a spontaneous and complex endothermic process, suggesting the coexistence of physisorption and chemisorption mechanisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document