Association between Hand Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-601
Author(s):  
Costa Mendes Patrícia Helena ◽  
Barbosa Camila Reis ◽  
Miranda Esteves Da Silva Myriam Thatyana ◽  
Ribeiro Paranaíba Lívia Máris ◽  
Barbosa Martelli Daniela Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right

Objectives Digit ratio (2D:4D) has been considered to be a marker in studies evaluating an individual's susceptibility to diseases, especially those diseases that show sex differences in their occurrence. We aimed to assess whether 2D:4D ratios are associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) and verify the existence of a specific pattern of 2D:4D ratio in individuals affected by orofacial clefts. Design This was a case-control study. Methods Digital measurements of index and ring finger lengths of both hands of patients with NSCL/P (n =54) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 54) were obtained using a digital vernier caliper. Mean ratios between the second and fourth digits were compared. Data were analyzed by Student's t test and Mann-Whitney test with a significance level of 5%. Results No significant difference was found between the mean digit ratios of the right and left hands between the groups for any analysis ( P > .05), neither for the whole sample nor for the distributions by type of cleft and by gender. Conclusions Although the development of the fingers and the occurrence of NSCL/P can be regulated by the actions of similar genes, our results are not consistent with an association between 2D:4D ratio and this craniofacial deformity. This suggests that intrauterine exposure to fetal androgens, assessed using this marker, is similar between patients with NSCL/P and healthy individuals. We highlight the need for further studies in populations with different ancestries.

scholarly journals Association between Hand Digit Ratio (2D : 4D) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Verônica O. Dias ◽  
Maria L. Santos ◽  
Patrícia Helena C. Mendes ◽  
Claudia A. D. Fonseca ◽  
Daniella R. B. Martelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Digit Ratios ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Control Study

Objective. Digit ratio (2D : 4D) has been suggested as a biomarker for prenatal hormone activity and has been linked to several types of cancer. This study investigated the possible correlation between 2D : 4D ratios and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods. A case-control study was performed with Brazilian subjects. Direct measurements of the lengths of index and ring fingers of both hands of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=43) and controls matched by age and gender (n=86) were obtained by using a digital vernier caliper. Mean ratios between the second and fourth digits were compared. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test with a significance level of 5%. Results. No significant difference was found between the mean digit ratios of the right and left hands between the groups for any analysis (p>0.05), neither for the whole sample nor for the distribution by gender. Conclusions. We observed that patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia do not have a different digit pattern when compared with unaffected individuals, which may suggest that exposure to prenatal sex hormone is similar between groups.

scholarly journals Craniometric study of the Orbital Index in brazilian skulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Chaves Cardoso FERNANDES ◽  
Patrícia Moreira RABELLO ◽  
Bianca Marques SANTIAGO ◽  
Marcus Vitor Diniz de CARVALHO ◽  
Manoel Raimundo de SENA JÚNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Race ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objetive To determine the percentage of correctness of the Orbital Index (OI) for estimation of sex, ancestry and age in Brazilian skulls. Methods Cross-sectional study of 183 human dry skulls from the southeastern Brazil. A total of 100 skeletons were males and 83 females; of which 36 were aged up to 39 years, 60 aged between 40 and 59 years, and 87 aged 60 years or older. As for ancestry, 103 were from white, 51 mixed race, and 29 black individuals. The OI was calculate by the formula = height/width x 100. The data were submitted to Student’s t test, F (ANOVA), Tukey and Kruskal Wallis tests as well as to discriminant analysis, with a 5% significance level. Results The sample was characterized as mesoseme, with a mean age of 56.62 (±19.97) years. No significant difference was observed (p=0.511) between the OI in females (right: 86.43 ± 6.58 and left: 86.70 ± 5.93) and males (right: 85.78 ± 6.69 and left: 86.37 ± 6.20). There were no significant differences between age, ancestry and the variables analyzed (p>0.05). The right and left orbital widths were significantly dimorphic between sexes (p<0.001). The percentage of correctness of the method for estimation of sex, age and ancestry was found to be 65.6%, 43.7%, and 43.6%, respectively. Conclusions The OI is not an appropriate method for estimation of sex, ancestry and estimation of age in this Brazilian sample. The methodology should be expanded to other population groups so that it can be improved.

scholarly journals Assessment of first molars sagittal and rotational position in Class II, division 1 malocclusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Estevão Scanavini ◽  
Renata Pilli Jóias ◽  
Maria Helena Ferreira Vasconcelos ◽  
Marco Antonio Scanavini ◽  
Luiz Renato Paranhos
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the anterior-posterior positioning of the upper and lower first molars, and the degree of rotation of the upper first molars in individuals with Class II, division 1, malocclusion. METHODS: Asymmetry I, an accurate device, was used to assess sixty sets of dental casts from 27 females and 33 males, aged between 12 and 21 years old, with bilateral Class II, division 1. The sagittal position of the molars was determined by positioning the casts onto the device, considering the midpalatal suture as a symmetry reference, and then measuring the distance between the mesial marginal ridge of the most distal molar and the mesial marginal ridge of its counterpart. With regard to the degree of rotation of the upper molar, the distance between landmarks on the mesial marginal ridge was measured. Chi-square test with a 5% significance level was used to verify the variation in molars position. Student's t test at 5% significance was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A great number of lower molars mesially positioned was registered, and the comparison between the right and left sides also demonstrated a higher number of mesially positioned molars on the right side of both arches. The average rotation of the molars was found to be 0.76 mm and 0.93 mm for the right and left sides, respectively. CONCLUSION: No statistically significant difference was detected between the mean values of molars mesialization regardless of the side and arch. Molars rotation, measured in millimeters, represented ¼ of Class II.

Does Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Affect the Maxillary Sinus Volume?

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Demirtas ◽  
Fahrettin Kalabalik ◽  
Asim Dane ◽  
Ali Murat Aktan ◽  
Ertugrul Ciftci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maxillary Sinus Volume ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right

Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the maxillary sinus volume (MSV) of patients with a unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) between the cleft side and noncleft side and between adolescent patients with UCLP and a control (noncleft) group using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: CBCT images of 44 UCLP patients (29 males and 15 females, with a mean [SD] age of 13.5 [5.0] years) and 44 (22 males and 22 females, with a mean [SD] age 14.9 [4.2] years) age- and sex-matched controls were evaluated in this study. Each maxillary sinus was assessed 3-dimensionally, segmented, and its volume was calculated. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the age and gender distributions of the groups. There was a statistically significant difference in the MSVs of the cleft (10996.78±3522.89 mm3) versus the noncleft side (10382.3±3416.2 mm3; P < .05)] but no significant difference between the MSVs of the right and left sides ( P > .05). In the intergroup comparison, the mean MSVs of the UCLP patients (10701.52±3369.33 mm3) were significantly smaller than those of the control group (16054.08 ± 5293.96 mm3; P < .001). Conclusions: The MSVs of the UCLP patients showed a statistically significant decrease compared to those of the controls ( P < .001). There was also a significant difference in the MSVs of the cleft and noncleft sides of the UCLP patients ( P < .05).

scholarly journals Maxillary Arch Dimensions in 6-Year-Old Cleft Children in Northern Finland: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7432
Author(s):  
Mirjami Corcoran ◽  
Saujanya Karki ◽  
Leena Ylikontiola ◽  
Riitta Lithovius ◽  
George Sándor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Maxillary Arch

The aim was to cross-sectionally examine the maxillary arch dimensions in 6-year-old children with cleft lip and/or palate and to compare them with the initial cleft sizes among patients with cleft palate. The study included 89 patients with clefts treated at the Oulu University Hospital. The subjects were divided into three groups: cleft palate, cleft lip, and cleft lip and palate. Study casts were scanned, and the maxillary arch dimensions were examined using a 3D program (3Shape Orthoanalyzer, Copenhagen, Denmark). The statistical methods Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the means (SD) between the groups. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between cleft severity and maxillary dimensions. A significant difference was found between different initial cleft sizes in terms of distance between the second deciduous molar and the first incisor on the right side. The intermolar width showed a negative correlation with the initial cleft size. The dimensions were shorter for clefts affecting the palate and largest for clefts affecting only the lip. Larger clefts resulted in a shorter maxilla on the right side. Many dimensions became shorter when the initial cleft was larger. Clefts of the palate resulted in smaller maxillas.

scholarly journals Patients in intensive care unit for COVID-19 pneumonia: the lung ultrasound patterns at admission and discharge. An observational pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Persona Paolo ◽  
Valeri Ilaria ◽  
Zarantonello Francesco ◽  
Forin Edoardo ◽  
Sella Nicolò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Left Hemithorax ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
B Lines

Abstract Background During COVID-19 pandemic, optimization of the diagnostic resources is essential. Lung Ultrasound (LUS) is a rapid, easy-to-perform, low cost tool which allows bedside investigation of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. We aimed to investigate the typical ultrasound patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia and their evolution at different stages of the disease. Methods We performed LUS in twenty-eight consecutive COVID-19 patients at both admission to and discharge from one of the Padua University Hospital Intensive Care Units (ICU). LUS was performed using a low frequency probe on six different areas per each hemithorax. A specific pattern for each area was assigned, depending on the prevalence of A-lines (A), non-coalescent B-lines (B1), coalescent B-lines (B2), consolidations (C). A LUS score (LUSS) was calculated after assigning to each area a defined pattern. Results Out of 28 patients, 18 survived, were stabilized and then referred to other units. The prevalence of C pattern was 58.9% on admission and 61.3% at discharge. Type B2 (19.3%) and B1 (6.5%) patterns were found in 25.8% of the videos recorded on admission and 27.1% (17.3% B2; 9.8% B1) on discharge. The A pattern was prevalent in the anterosuperior regions and was present in 15.2% of videos on admission and 11.6% at discharge. The median LUSS on admission was 27.5 [21–32.25], while on discharge was 31 [17.5–32.75] and 30.5 [27–32.75] in respectively survived and non-survived patients. On admission the median LUSS was equally distributed on the right hemithorax (13; 10.75–16) and the left hemithorax (15; 10.75–17). Conclusions LUS collected in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure at ICU admission and discharge appears to be characterized by predominantly lateral and posterior non-translobar C pattern and B2 pattern. The calculated LUSS remained elevated at discharge without significant difference from admission in both groups of survived and non-survived patients.

Morphological Presentation of Orofacial Clefts: An Epidemiological Study of 5004 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110577
Author(s):  
Jaideep Singh Chauhan ◽  
Sarwpriya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Central India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Right

Objective: To analyse the morphological presentation of orofacial clefts, gender, syndromes and systemic anomalies associated with them. Design: This was an epidemiological study performed in the patients who were registered for cleft lip and palate surgeries in our centre. The data was evaluated both retrospectively as well as prospectively. Patients/ Participants: The patients registered from November 2006 to April 2021 were studied. Out of 5276 patients, data of 5004 cases were analysed, rest 272 patients were excluded due to lack of information. Statistical analysis and Chi square test were applied. Results: Cleft deformities were more common in males than females. Cleft lip with palate was the commonest phenotype (52.2%). It was followed by isolated cleft lip (22.9%), isolated cleft palate (22.1%), rare clefts (1.62%) and syndromic clefts (1.18%). Unilateral variants were more frequent than bilateral. In unilateral, left side was more common than the right side. Among bilateral, most of the cases had premaxillary protrusion. In the present study, 3.46% of all the patients had associated anomalies affecting their other organs. Less common cleft phenotypes like microform cleft lip and submucous cleft palate ± bifid uvula showed frequency of 0.62% and 0.64% respectively. Conclusion: Thorough examination of cleft deformity should be done as it may appear as an isolated deformity or part of a syndrome and have associated systemic anomalies. This may help us to deliver comprehensive care to the patients and can prevent potential operative complications.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Vorina ◽  
Miro Simonič ◽  
Maria Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Modern World ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between employee engagement and job satisfaction. People spend most of their time at work, and their motivation is considered to be an important factor for job performance. Enthusiastic employees, who focus their efforts on achieving their companies′ goals are a key competitive advantage in the modern world. The effect of employee engagement on business performance has been studied by various experts. They found out the similar conclusion: “the more enthusiastic the workers are, the better operating results they achieve for the company”. An occasional sample of 594 respondents who are employed in the public and non-public sector in Slovenia was used for the purpose of this study. The main goal of the research is to determine whether (and how) the employee engagement influences job satisfaction. A written survey was conducted from 4 January 2016 to 14 March 2016. IBM SPSS 20 was used for the statistical analysis. The results confirm that the relationship between employee engagement and job satisfaction is positive and statistically significant (5 % significance level), based on the linear regression F (1, 583) =296.14, p-value = 0.000, R-square = 0.337. The results also show that there is no statistically significant difference between employee engagement and gender and there is no statistically significant difference between job satisfaction and gender.

scholarly journals The investigation of lifelong learning tendencies in medical faculty studentsTıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinin incelenmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 2399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurdanur Dikmen ◽  
Hilal Uslu Yuvacı ◽  
Funda Erol
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Education Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Evaluation Of Data ◽  
Data Frequency

Aim: In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the lifelong learning trends of the students in the medical faculties.Method: The sample of this research, which was carried out in the descriptive type, consists of 127 volunteer students willing to participate in the research, who study at the Medical School of Sakarya University in 2016-2017 academic year. Data were collected using "Student Presentation Form" and "Lifelong Learning Trends Scale" (LLTS). In the evaluation of data, frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation and Student's t-test and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used.Results: The total score obtained from the scale 56.41 ± 17.12, scores related with sub-dimensions are determined in the order as motivation: 6.67±2.52, persistence: 17.47±6.20, lack of curiosity 20.50±8.51,  and lack of regulation in learning: 11.76±6.16. A significant difference was found between students' lifelong learning tendencies and gender, class level and regular reading habits (p <0.05). Besides, it was found that the lifelong learning tendency scores were not affected by the variables such as ages of students, income level, school that they were graduated, mother and father education status, mother and father employment status, place of residence, preference of medical school and follow up of medical journal.Conclusion: As a result, it is seen that the students of medical faculty have high lifelong learning tendencies, they are at a good level regarding learning motivation, participation in learning activities and continuity.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetAmaç: Bu çalışmada, tıp fakültesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte yürütülen bu araştırmanın örneklemini Sakarya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi’nde 2016-2017 Eğitim-Öğretim yılında öğrenim gören ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü 127 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. “Öğrenci Tanıtım Formu” ve “Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Eğilimleri Ölçeği” (YBÖÖ) kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma ile Student’s T-Testi ve Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Ölçekten elde edilen toplam puan 56.41±17.12, alt boyutlara ilişkin puanlar sırasıyla motivasyon: 6.67±2.52, sebat: 17.47±6.20, merak yoksunluğu: 20.50±8.51 ve öğrenmeyi düzenlemede yoksunluk: 11.76±6.16 olarak saptanmıştır. Öğrencilerin yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri ile cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi ve düzenli kitap okuma alışkanlıkları arasında anlamlı fark saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Bunun yanında yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilim puanlarının öğrencilerin yaş, ailenin gelir durumu, mezun oldukları lise, anne-baba eğitim durumu, anne-baba çalışma durumu, yaşanılan yer, tıp fakültesini tercih etme durumu ve bir tıp dergisi takip etme durumu gibi değişkenlerden etkilenmediği saptanmıştır.Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimlerinin yüksek, öğrenim motivasyonlarının yeterli olduğu, öğrenme faaliyetlerine katılma ve devamlılık gösterme açısından da iyi düzeyde oldukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

scholarly journals MANDIBULAR CANINE INDEX (MCI)

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 459-463
Author(s):  
IRFAN AHMED MUGHAL ◽  
ANWAR SAOOD SAQIB ◽  
FARIDA MANZUR
Keyword(s):  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mandibular Canine ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Sexual Identification ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mass Disasters

Introduction: Dental evidence is valuable in identification of individuals, especially following mass disasters; estimation of age at death of skeletonised remains and establishing guilt in cases of criminal injury by biting. Mandibular canines are found to exhibit the greatest sexual dimorphism amongst all teeth. Objective: To investigate the accuracy with which gender can be differentiated by using the mandibular canine index in the Punjabi – Pakistani population. Setting: Independent Medical College and Punjab Medical College,  aisalabad. Period: Dec. 2008 to Dec. 2009. Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 200 students, between the age group of 18-25 years, randomly sampled with informed consent (Through 3rd party). Mandibular canine width and intercanine distance were measured with the help of Vernier caliper after observing aseptic conditions. Mandibular canine index was calculated and the observed MCI was compared with the standard MCI value. The data was then analyzed using student’s “t” test. Results: No significant statistical difference was noted between the right and left mandibular canines amongst males and females (same sex) but when comparing between males and females, there was highly statistical significant difference (P < 0.001). The calculated standard MCI for canines of males and females found to be 0.2504. With these calculations we could predict sex correctly at 75.97% in this study (Male: 71.67% and Female: 78.72%). Conclusion: MCI is a quick and reliable method for sexual identification when a standard for the population is available. With these calculations, we could predict the sex correctly at 75.97 % in this study. This method can be used as adjunct to other available tools for sex determination. DNA studies can reveal sex accurately.Availability of comprehensive database with “NADRA” can also be used as adjunct to “MCI” to enhance the accuracy in determination of sex and identity of the person in Pakistan.

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