scholarly journals Genetic Characteristics of the Breaking Strength of the Basal Culm Related to Lodging Resistance in a Cross between Koshihikari and Chugoku 117.

1997 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiichiro OOKAWA ◽  
Kuni ISHIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Genetic Characteristics

scholarly journals Combating Dual Challenges in Maize Under High Planting Density: Kernel Abortion and Stem Lodging

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Noor Shah ◽  
Mohsin Tanveer ◽  
Asad Abbas ◽  
Mehmet Yildirim ◽  
Anis Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
High Plant Density

High plant density is considered a proficient approach to increase maize production in countries with limited agricultural land; however, this creates a high risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion by reducing the ratio of biomass to the development of the stem and ear. Stem lodging and kernel abortion are major constraints in maize yield production for high plant density cropping; therefore, it is very important to overcome stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize. In this review, we discuss various morphophysiological and genetic characteristics of maize that may reduce the risk of stem lodging and kernel abortion, with a focus on carbohydrate metabolism and partitioning in maize. These characteristics illustrate a strong relationship between stem lodging resistance and kernel abortion. Previous studies have focused on targeting lignin and cellulose accumulation to improve lodging resistance. Nonetheless, a critical analysis of the literature showed that considering sugar metabolism and examining its effects on lodging resistance and kernel abortion in maize may provide considerable results to improve maize productivity. A constructive summary of management approaches that could be used to efficiently control the effects of stem lodging and kernel abortion is also included. The preferred management choice is based on the genotype of maize; nevertheless, various genetic and physiological approaches can control stem lodging and kernel abortion. However, plant growth regulators and nutrient application can also help reduce the risk for stem lodging and kernel abortion in maize.

Characterization of culm morphology, anatomy and chemical composition of foxtail millet cultivars differing in lodging resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1448 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. TIAN ◽  
L. Y. LIU ◽  
L. X. ZHANG ◽  
S. X. SONG ◽  
J. G. WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Culm Wall

SUMMARYLodging can be an important factor in limiting yield and quality of summer foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.]. Although lodging resistance varies among different genotypes, direct selection for lodging resistance is difficult because of its sporadic occurrence in the field and inconsistency between years. A 2-year-field study was conducted with 35 summer foxtail millet cultivars or advanced breeding lines to determine the association between lodging resistance and culm morphology, anatomy and chemical composition. Path analyses indicated that stem-breaking strength had the most important effect on the lodging coefficient. The breaking strength of stem was associated with specific morphological properties of the culm, such as greater culm diameter and most importantly culm wall thickness. Width of sclerenchyma tissue, and the number and sheath width of the large vascular bundles were the major anatomical properties that influenced stem-breaking strength. The cellulose and lignin compositions of the culm had different effects on stem-breaking strength. Cultivars with smaller lodging coefficients contained higher levels of cellulose, but lower levels of lignin than the cultivars that were more prone to lodging. The findings from the present study provide useful information on lodging-associated traits in the culm that can be used as indicators for the improvement of lodging resistance in foxtail millet.

scholarly journals GENE ACTIONS OF TRAITS CONTRIBUTING TO LODGING RESISTANCE IN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L)

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. I. Sarker ◽  
A. K. M. Shamsuddin ◽  
R. Ara
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Additive Genes

Estimates of gene action for lodging related traits at Wheat Research Center during 1999-2002 in three crosses of wheat showed different genetic control of the traits among the crosses. For almost all traits, additive or dominance effects or both components were significant in either three- or six-parameter model, indicating that both additive and dominance gene effects were operative for different traits contributing to lodging resistance. Although duplicate type of epistasis was also observed for second internode breaking strength, plant height and spikes per plant and grain yield per plant once in different crosses, additive x additive epistasis along with additive gene action for the aforesaid traits would improve selection of the same in the segregating populations. The additive x dominance gene interaction for second internode length, diameter and wall thickness would be useful too for improvement of second internode breaking strength and consequently lodging resistance, as their inheritance and selection in segregating populations would be relatively easier than the traits controlled by completely non-additive genes. For duplicate type of epistasis biparental mating or recurrent selection followed by conventional selection is suggested.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17031

Stem lodging parameters of the basal three internodes associated with plant population densities and developmental stages in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) cultivars differing in resistance to lodging

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohong Tian ◽  
Yanli Liu ◽  
Lixin Zhang ◽  
Hongjie Li
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Basal Internode

Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv.) is a soft-stemmed summer cereal crop that is grown at a high crop density; however, stem lodging is recognised as a serious yield-limiting factor. The stem-breaking strength of the third to fifth basal internodes has previously been identified as the most important factor in determining the lodging resistance of foxtail millet. We measured variation in stem-breaking strength, length and weight of these internodes at different developmental stages and in response to different crop densities by using foxtail millet cultivars that differed in lodging resistance. The stem-breaking strength of the third internode was greater than of the fourth and fifth internodes, which had comparable stem-breaking strengths; this result was independent of genotype and developmental stage. The stem-breaking strengths of the three internodes were significantly correlated with each other and linearly related across different developmental stages and crop densities. The stem-breaking strength of the three internodes at hard dough stage (Zadoks growth stage Z87, at 30 days after flowering) was less than at other developmental stages in the lodging-resistant genotypes. Stem-breaking strength for the three internodes was correlated with fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) per cm. The variation of FW and DW per cm of the internodes in response to crop density was attributed to the change of FW and DW of the corresponding internodes, rather than to variation in their length. Results from this study showed that the fourth or fifth basal internode was more prone to lodging than the third basal internode because of their lesser stem-breaking strength. Crop density linearly influenced the stem-breaking strength of the three basal internodes. Reducing crop density enhanced stem-breaking strength of third to fifth internodes, which may reduce the risk of stem lodging in this crop. Based on the findings, the stem-breaking strength of the fourth or fifth basal internode measured at the late grain-filling stage from Z77 (late milk) to Z87 (hard dough) differentiated stem-breaking strength, the most important stem lodging associated parameter, in the foxtail millet genotypes.

scholarly journals Deciphering the genetics basis of lodging resistance in wild rice O. longistaminata

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixiong Long ◽  
Dong Dan ◽  
Zhengqing Yuan ◽  
Yunping Chen ◽  
Jie Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Rice ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract The abuse of fertilizer results in tall rice plants that are susceptible to lodging and reduced plant yield. Hence, it is important to identify and utilize the QTLs/genes for lodging resistance breeding. O. longistaminata exhibited a strong stem and high biomass productively, which could be the candidate gene pool for cultivars lodging resistance improvement. However, most of previous studies have focused on cultivated rice and few reports on wild rice. Here, a set of 152 BC 2 F 20 lines derived from a cross between 93-11 and O. longistaminata were evaluated for lodging resistance. QTL mapping analysis combined with SNP marker derived from high-throughput sequencing identified 12 QTLs for stem diameter (SD), 11 QTLs for stem length (SL) and 3 QTLs for breaking strength (BS). Of which, 14 QTLs were firstly identified from O. longistaminata. A major QTL, qLR1 which was delimited to a region about 80 Kb on chromosome 1, increased stem diameter, stem length and breaking strength. And another major QTL, qLR8 that was delimited in an interval about 100 Kb on chromosome 8, significantly enhanced the breaking strength. These results provide evidence that the O. longistaminata can be exploited to develop lodging resistant rice lines.

Effects of uniconazole or ethephon foliar application on culm mechanical strength and lignin metabolism, and their relationship with lodging resistance in winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Ziyan Guo ◽  
Xiangping Meng ◽  
Shahzad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Basal Internode ◽  
Lignin Metabolism

Lodging in plants is an important constraint that leads to yield losses and cause problems with mechanical harvesting. This research was aimed at determining the effects of foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon on lignin metabolism, characteristics of second basal internode and their relationship with lodging resistance in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In separate experiments, uniconazole was sprayed on the foliage at concentrations of 0, 15, 30 and 45 mg L–1, and ethephon at concentrations of 0, 50, 75 and 100 mg L–1 at the four-leaf stage. Foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon significantly reduced the lodging rate by increasing the lignin content and optimising basal-internode characteristics. Lignin content was significantly positively correlated with breaking strength, and negatively correlated with lodging rate, whereby the higher lignin content in the second basal internode significantly improved the lodging resistance and reduced the lodging rate in the wheat crop. Foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon also increased the breaking strength, internode diameter, wall thickness and internode plumpness of the second basal internode; maximum values were obtained with uniconazole at 30 mg L–1 and with ethephon at 75 mg L–1. Grain yield, lignin content and lignin-related enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, tyrosine ammonia-lyase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and peroxidase were all significantly improved with the foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon. These results suggest that lignin content in the second basal internode in wheat was closely related with lodging resistance. Foliar application of uniconazole or ethephon at the four-leaf stage reduced the lodging rate, and the concentration showing the greatest effects was 30 mg L–1 for uniconazole or 75 mg L–1 for ethephon.

scholarly journals A Dwarfing Gene sd1-d (Dee-geo-woo-gen dwarf) on Lodging Resistance and Related Traits in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mukunda Bhattarai ◽  
Misa Kamimukai ◽  
Birendra Bahadur Rana ◽  
Hiroki Oue ◽  
Shinji Matsumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Dwarfing Gene ◽  
Indica Variety ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Indica And Japonica Subspecies

A dwarfing allele at the sd1 locus on chromosome 1 in rice, sd1-d, has been playing important role for developing lodging-resistant and high-yielding indica varieties IR8 and IR36. The dominant allele SD1 for long culm at the locus is differentiated into SD1-in and SD1-ja that are harbored in indica and japonica subspecies, respectively. The sd1-d of IR36 was substituted with SD1-in or SD1-ja by 17 backcrosses with IR36, and two isogenic tall lines were developed by using an indica variety IR5867 and a japonica one ‘Koshihikari’ as donors, which were denoted by “5867-36” and “Koshi-36’’, respectively. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of dwarfing gene sd1-d on lodging resistance and related traits, compared with SD1-in and SD1-ja. Two isogenic lines and IR36 were cultivated in the field of the Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, Japan during 2017. Regarding index of lodging (g·cm/g × 100), genotypes were in the order: 5867-36 (97.4) > Koshi-36 (74.1) > IR36 (46.0) on the 21st-day after 80%-heading, and they were in the same order on 10th-day after 80%-heading. The 4th-panicle length (cm) was in the order: 5867-36 (118.7) > Koshi-36 (97.6) > IR36 (78.6). Similarly, the 4th-top weight (g) was in the order: 5867-36 (12.2) > Koshi-36 (10.2) > IR36 (9.6). The highest breaking strength (g) was recorded in IR36 (1649) followed by 5867-36 (1493) whereas the lowest breaking strength (g) was recorded in Koshi-36 (1360). Consequently, it is inferred that sd1-d enhances lodging resistance due to the decreases in the length and weight above the 4th-internode as well as the increase of breaking strength. The effect of SD1-in on lodging resistance is lower than that of SD1-ja.

scholarly journals Response of Lignin Metabolism to Light Quality in Wheat Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhui Li ◽  
Yongli Luo ◽  
Min Jin ◽  
Shufang Sun ◽  
Zhenlin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Quality ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Stem Quality ◽  
Normal Light

The low red/far-red (R/FR) light proportion at the base of the high-density wheat population leads to poor stem quality and increases lodging risk. We used Shannong 23 and Shannong 16 as the test materials. By setting three-light quality treatments: normal light (CK), red light (RL), and far-red light (FRL), we irradiated the base internodes of the stem with RL and FRL for 7h. Our results showed that RL irradiation enhanced stem quality, as revealed by increased breaking strength, stem diameter, wall thickness and, dry weight per unit length, and the total amount of lignin and related gene expression increased, at the same time. The composition of lignin subunits was related to the lodging resistance of wheat. The proportion of S+G subunits and H subunits played a key role in wheat lodging resistance. RL could increase the content of S subunits and G subunits and the proportion of S+G subunits, reduce the proportion of H subunits. We described here, to the best of our knowledge, the systematic study of the mechanism involved in the regulation of stem breaking strength by light quality, particularly the effect of light quality on lignin biosynthesis and its relationship with lodging resistance in wheat.

scholarly journals GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS FOR LODGING RESISTANCE TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. I. Sarker ◽  
A. K. M. Shamsuddin ◽  
L. Rahman ◽  
R. Ara
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Positive Direct

Relationships between the traits associated with lodging resistance in wheat were studied within the period of 1999-2002 at Wheat Research Center, Dinajpur in both F1 and F2 generations of a 9 × 9 diallel cross without reciprocal. The genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients studied in F1 and F2 generations were similar with some exceptions. In both F1 and F2 generation, the second internode breaking strength was positively correlated with diameter, wall thickness and unit-stem weight of second internode, and main shoot weight but negatively with plant height and second internode length at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. It was observed from path coefficient analysis in both F1 and F2 generations that the second internode unit-stem weight had high positive direct effect on it’s breaking strength. Main shoot weight, second internode diameter and wall thickness positively influenced breaking strength through its unit-stem weight. Simultaneous selection for the traits contributing to lodging resistant in semi-dwarf wheat might be effective in the improvement of lodging resistance in bread wheat.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17036

TBE in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Species ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Central European ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
European Subtype

Even though tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been a notifiable disease in Croatia since 2007, there are no or only limited data available on the occurring tick species in the endemic areas, on the prevalence of TBE virus (TBEV) in ticks, its distribution in Croatia, and its genetic characteristics. Reporting of human cases also is very scarce. The Central European subtype of virus (TBEV-EU) appears to be present in Croatia

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document