scholarly journals Biocide effect of crude aqueous extracts of Capsicum frutescens, Melia azedarach and Peganum harmala on in-orchard Euphyllura olivina Costa (Homoptera, Psyllidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-467
Author(s):  
Hamid Meftah ◽  
Ahmed Boughdad ◽  
Aziz Bouchelta
Keyword(s):  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Euphyllura Olivina

scholarly journals Phytobiocidal management of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseerud Din ◽  
Musharaf Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Siddique ◽  
Asad Ali ◽  
Ishrat Naz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Tagetes Patula

Phytobiocides are a good alternative to chemicals in managing bacterial diseases including bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. In the present research study, finely ground dried powders of seven widely available medicinal plants/weeds species viz., Peganum harmala (esfand or wild rue), Calotropis procera (sodom apple), Melia azedarach (white cedar), Allium sativum (garlic), Adhatoda vasica (malabar nut), Tagetes patula (marigold) and Nerium oleander (oleander) were assessed for their anti-microbial activity, both in-vitro (10% w/v) and in-vivo (10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg of potted soil) against R. solanacearum. Aqueous extracts (prepared as 10% w/v, soaking for 48-72 h and filtering) of C. procera, A. vasica, and T. patula inhibited the in-vitro growth of the bacterial pathogen over 60% of that produced by the standard antibiotic streptomycin. A. sativum, N. oleander and P. harmala aqueous extracts were less effective while M. azedarach showed no effect against R. solanacearum. The higher dose (40 g/kg of soil) of C. procera, A. vasica and T. patula decreased disease severity quite effectively and increased yield and plant growth characters as much as the standard antibiotic did. No phytotoxicity of medicinal plants powder was observed on tomato plants. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids were detected in the aqueous extracts of T. patula and A. vasica whereas C. procera was found to have only alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Our data suggest that dried powders of T. patula, C. procera and A. vasica (40 g/kg of soil) could be used as an effective component in the integrated disease management programs against bacterial wilt of tomato.

Reversible Nematostatic Effect of Peganum harmala L (Nitrariaceae) on Meloidogyne javanica

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
EL HASSAN MAYAD ◽  
KHADIJA BASAID ◽  
JAMES NICHOLAS FURZE ◽  
NIAMA HEIMEUR ◽  
BTISSAM SENHAJI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Meloidogyne javanica is considered as the most damaging nematode of vegetables in Morocco. Eco-friendly bionematicides are urgently required for its control. In vitro experiments were carried out to assess the direct effect of bioproducts of Peganum harmala against M. javanica. The bioassay showed extracts to be nematotoxic. Aqueous extracts of P. harmala exhibited reversible nematostatic activity. The estimated ID50 of the most active product in methanolic extracts was 368ppm. HPLC-MS of the methanolic extract revealed that total content of major alkaloids of P. harmala was approximately 12.162±0.637mg/g. Harmine (8.514±0.521mg/g) is the dominant alkaloid. In conclusion, Peganum harmala has a reversible nematostatic activity on second stage juveniles of M. javanica. The effect of P. harmala is due to its possession of a high content of β-carboline alkaloids, which warrant further experimentation. Bioproducts from P. harmala should be exploited through formulations for management of the root knot nematode.

scholarly journals Bio-insecticidal effects of Oleaster leaves aqueous extracts against Psylla larvae (Euphyllura olivina (Costa)), a primary pest of Olea europaea L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (15) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadjet G. Mestar ◽  
Malika N. Boudiaf ◽  
Souad Lahcene ◽  
Hocine Abbaci ◽  
Ghenima I. Aiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Euphyllura Olivina ◽  
Olea Europaéa

Efficacy of Chinaberry tree (Meliaceae) aqueous extracts and certain insecticides against the pea leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. ABOU-FAKHR HAMMAD ◽  
N. M. NEMER ◽  
N. S. KAWAR
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Swiss Chard ◽  
Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
And Control

Aqueous extracts of fruits and leaves of the Chinaberry tree, Melia azedarach L. were tested for their efficacy versus other biotic and synthetic insecticides against the pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard). The study included field experiments on naturally infested swiss chard, Beta vulgaris var. Cicla L., and greenhouse experiments on artificially infested cucumber, Cucumis sativus L. that were conducted in 1995–96. The other treatments included azadirachtin (0·25%), ultrafine mineral oil, abamectin, cyromazine, imidacloprid, pyrazophos and control. Results of field experiments indicated that Melia fruit extract and the other insecticides significantly lowered the number of larvae per swiss chard plant as compared to the control, at 5 days sampling after second spray or 15 days after first spray, when two consecutive sprays were performed. However, at 10 days after second spray, the fruit extract did not differ significantly from the control, but it was comparable in its effect to the insecticides, except abamectin and cyromazine. In greenhouse experiments, the pea leafminer larvae were found at higher densities on cucumber leaves located at the lower plant part (10–60 cm) compared to other leaf positions. The Melia fruit extract and the other pesticides significantly decreased the number of live larvae per cucumber leaf compared to the control, 10 days after each spray. The fruit extract, abamectin, cyromazine, imidacloprid and pyrazophos lowered the leafminer population significantly compared to the control, throughout the period of the experiments. However, the fruit extract was significantly less effective than these insecticides at the final count, 20 days after second spray. Abamectin and cyromazine consistently showed a significant decrease in number of larvae, in both field and greenhouse experiments. At certain periods of the experiments, Melia extracts were comparable in their efficacy to the tested commercial biorational and synthetic pesticides. Thus, they have a good potential to be used in the management of the pea leafminer. This is the first report for use of M. azedarach against L. huidobrensis.

scholarly journals Effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem) and Melia azedarach L. (Santa Barbara or cinnamon) on the intracellular development of Toxoplasma gondii

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J.T Melo ◽  
K.J Vilela ◽  
C.S Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Intracellular Parasites

Melia azedarach (cinnamon) and Azadirachta indica (neem) have a variety of biologically active ingredients against virus, bacteria and protozoan parasites; however, little is known about their action on Toxoplasma gondii intracellular development. Toxoplasma gondii infects all eukaryotic cells, where it establishes and multiplies inside a modified vacuole called the parasitophorous vacuole until the cell ruptures, re-infecting other cells and establishing the infection. There are no efficient chemotherapies for the elimination of T. gondii, minimizing side effects. In this study, we performed in vitro assays with neem and cinnamon aqueous extracts against the intracellular development of T. gondii tachyzoites. After treatment with neem and cinnamon for 24 h, the percentage of infected cells and the number of intracellular parasites drastically decreased. This effect was concentration-dependent. During the incubation of the extracts, progressive morphological and ultrastructure alterations led to intense vesiculation and complete elimination of the parasite from the intracellular medium. However, during the treatment with extracts, no morphological effects were observed in the structure of the host cell. These results suggest that the aqueous extracts of neem and cinnamon were capable of interfering with and eliminating the intracellular development of Toxoplasma gondii.

scholarly journals Assessment of herbicidal potential of Peganum harmala L. for biological control of Cynodon dactylon L

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Plant Parts

This study was conducted to evaluates the allelopathic potential of Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) on growth of Cynodon dactylon L. (Poaceae). Seeds, stems and mixture of (seeds and stems) aqueous extracts of P. harmala plants were applied as foliar application to three weeks old seedlings of Cynodon dactylon weeds. The result indicated that the application of aqueous extracts of different plant parts of P. harmala caused significant reduction in growth traits of Cynodon dactylon include plant height, number of branches, number of leave and plant weight. Also, the result revealed that the Inhibitory effect of P. harmala eques extract on Cynodon dactylon L was more pronounced in plant height and number of leave plant-1 traits. Results show that among the different P. harmala plant parts used in this study, seeds extract was the most toxic and caused the greatest negative effect on growth traits of Cynodon dactylon. According to the results, the degree of toxicity of different P. harmala plant parts can be arranged in the following order: seeds > mixture > stems. The results of this study concluded that the use of Peganum harmala L plant have the potential to be developed further as a bio-herbicide system to control weed such as Cynodon dactylon L.

Evaluation of the Impact of Five Bio-insecticides of Plant Origin and a Chemical Insecticide on the Survival of Imagos of the Parasitoid Aphidius colemani under Laboratory Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fahad Kaoutar ◽  
Brhadda Najiba ◽  
Ziri Rabea ◽  
Benssallem El Hassane ◽  
Gmira Najib
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Study Laboratory

Aims: The present study aims to evaluate the control pests without the harms of chemical pesticides as well as ensure the safety of bio-insecticides of plant origin vis a vis females of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani, important auxiliary in biological control. Study Design: Experimental device was in a complete random block with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Bio-insecticidal Entomology and Laboratory of weed science of Regional Center of Agricultural Research, Kenitra, INRA-Morocco and Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Environment. Biodiversity and agro resources team Ibn Tofail University, Faculty of Sciences Kenitra Morocco. The experiment was conducted between the fall of 2018 (from September to December 2018) and the winter of 2019 (January-February 2019). Methodology: To meet the objective of this work, four endemic plants were collected from the Gharb region of Morocco; these are the leaves of Nerium oleander that are available all year, the roots of Mandragora autumnalis, the fruits of Capsicum frutescens, and those of Melia azedarach these organs are well developed with complete maturity during the fall and winter. The fruits of Melia azedarach have been separated into seeds and pulps. Five concentrations of each aqueous extract were prepared (2; 5; 10; 15 and 20 g / 20 ml). In addition to control without any treatment (blanc) and a chemical insecticide (deltamethrin). All concentrations were administered by contact to females of Aphidius colemani. Results: Comparing the bio-insecticides tested, the aqueous extract of the seed of Melia azedarach showed an insecticidal action that was the fastest and the most toxic. Thus, following exposure of 20 g/20 ml, the observation after 4 hours showed a minimum mortality rate of 3% and a maximum mortality rate of 50%, 96 hours after. This extract was followed by the aqueous extract of the leaves of Nerium oleander that showed a maximum mortality rate of 43%. However, their harmfulness remains much lower than that of deltamethrin. In addition, the aqueous extract of the roots of Mandragora autumnalis has proved to be safe for females of Aphidius colemani. On the other hand, the aqueous extract of the fruits of Capsicum frutescens and that of the pulp of Melia azedarach are moderately toxic. Conclusion: By way of conclusion, the aqueous extract of the roots of Mandragora autumnalis could be used as an insecticide in parallel with the release of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani, in a biological control.

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