scholarly journals Emotional motives of adolescent suicidal behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 596-609
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Pyriev ◽  
◽  
Yulia A. Ocheretina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Extended Time ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Suicidal Plans ◽  
Motor Acts

In this article, emotions are considered as the motives of unintentional suicidal behavior of adolescents. The emotions that «destroy ties» are examined. They are manifested in. The phenomenon of «adolescent suicidal behavior» refers to completed and incomplete suicides, thoughts, attitudes, conversations, as well as preparatory actions for leaving life. The author argues that elementary, or basic, emotions of fear, sadness, and disgust «rise» from neurophysiological processes, i.e. «down up»; they create «tunnel consciousness» at the psychological level and are realized in unintentional suicidal behavior. Leaving life is explained by a specific state of consciousness when a teenager is in a state of tunnel perception and thinking. The emotions that «destroy ties» (fear, sadness, disgust) are reflected in the psyche, forming suicidal plans and suicidal behavior. The hormones serotonin, dopamine and adrenaline are involved in the genesis of suicidal behavior. Emotions «destroying ties» are categorized as «toxic» on the basis that they create a deficiency of hormones — neurotransmitters, which ultimately affects behavior. The mediating function in this motivational scheme is performed by tunnel perception and thinking. At the psychological level, all of this leads to unintentional suicidal behavior. This behavior differs from situational, impulsive and affective in the extended time of performing motor acts — from several hours to weeks and months. In a situation of experiencing toxic emotions, the elements of consciousness - attention, perception and thinking — lead to a state in which a teenager loses many conscious acts of control over the psyche and behavior: there is no adequate assessment of the situation and the ability to predict, and thus the behavior becomes unintentionally destructive.

Psychological Models of Suicide

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Barzilay ◽  
Abbie Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Psychological Models ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
And Behavior

A comprehensive model of suicidal processes and behavior is essential for the assessment of imminent risk for suicide and for the design of informed interventions. This chapter provides descriptions of the three generations of the most influential theories of suicidal behavior as well as an assessment of their strengths and limitations. First-generation models were based on clinicians’ individual experiences and, more recently, on consensus opinion and clinical judgment. Second-generation prognostic models hypothesized that suicide risk was determined by measurable long-term biological, clinical, or demographic risk factors. Third-generation models of suicidal behavior focused on dynamic risk elements, which appear later in life, change over time, and are operational immediately proximal to suicide. This chapter provides a historical perspective on the evolution of the theoretical approaches to the understanding of psychological processes that make suicide possible.

scholarly journals Factors in the Assessment of Suicidality in Youth

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Posner ◽  
Glenn A. Melvin ◽  
Barbara Stanley ◽  
Maria A. Oquendo ◽  
Madelyn Gould
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Youth Suicide ◽  
Standardized Terminology ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Clinical Populations

ABSTRACTSuicide remains a leading cause of death among youth, and suicide ideation and behavior are relatively common in both normal and clinical populations. Clinicians working with young people must assess for the presence of suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, and other risk factors, in order to determine the level of risk. This paper provides the clinician with a summary of risk factors for youth suicide, as well as providing standardized terminology to enhance assessment of suicidal ideation and behavior.

Outcome of Suicidal Ideation and Behavior in a Young, Help-Seeking Population over a 2-Year Period

Crisis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Cosgrave ◽  
J. Robinson ◽  
K.A. Godfrey ◽  
H.P. Yuen ◽  
E.J. Killackey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Axis I ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Levels Of Functioning

Abstract. Suicidal behavior is associated with negative outcomes, including completed suicide. This study examined the prevalence of suicidal behavior in a sample of referrals to a youth psychiatric service and investigated the stability of suicidality over 2 years. Of the 140 people (mean age 17.8) who were referred to a youth psychiatric service, 82 who were accepted for treatment (RA group) and 58 who were not accepted (RNA group) were assessed; 57% reported considering suicide and 39% reported attempting suicide in the 12 months prior to referral. Participants who reported suicidal ideation were significantly more likely than nonsuicidal participants to have multiple Axis I diagnoses and lower levels of functioning. At the 2-year follow-up there was a significant reduction in suicidality in the RA group, but not in the RNA group. In conclusion, suicidality is prevalent among young people referred to psychiatric services. Even brief contact with services results in a reduction in suicidality over 2 years.

Suicide Risk in High School Students in Slovenia

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Tomori
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
School Students ◽  
And Behavior

The objective of this study was to determine the psychosocial factors which differentiate suicidal adolescents from their nonsuicidal peers. By means of a specially designed questionnaire, distributed to a representative sample of 4686 Slovene high school students of both sexes aged 14-19 years, we assessed their general characteristics, suicidal ideation and behavior, family circumstances, self-appraisal of the problems and ways of solving them, engagement in sport, and exposure to suicide in their close circle. Numerous important differences were established between suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents. The data gathered will help further research into suicidal behavior in adolescents.

scholarly journals Self-Harm and Suicidal Behaviors in Hong Kong Adolescents: Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. L. Shek ◽  
Lu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
School Students ◽  
Psychosocial Correlates ◽  
Hong Kong Adolescents ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Suicidal Plans ◽  
Practical Implications

The present paper examined the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of adolescent deliberate self-harm (DSH) and suicidal behavior in a representative sample of 3,328 secondary school students in Hong Kong. With reference to the previous year, 32.7% of the students reported at least one form of DSH, 13.7% of the respondents had suicide thoughts, 4.9% devised specific suicidal plans, and 4.7% had actually attempted suicide. Adolescent girls had significantly higher rates of DSH and suicidal behavior than did adolescent boys. Having remarried parents was related to an increased likelihood of DSH and suicide. While high levels of family functioning, overall positive youth development, and academic and school performance predicted low rates of DSH and suicidal behavior, cognitive and behavioral competencies were unexpectedly found to be positively associated with DSH and suicidal behavior. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Suicidal behavior in the community: prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neury José Botega ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽  
Helenice Bosco de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Dalgalarrondo ◽  
Letícia Marín-León
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Ideation Methods ◽  
Suicidal Plans

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the life prevalence rates of suicidal ideation, suicidal plans and suicide attempts and verify factors associated to suicidal ideation. METHODS: 515 individuals > 14 years old were selected at random (cluster and stratified sample) and assessed by means of the WHO SUPRE-MISS interview, SRQ-20 and AUDIT. Life prevalence rates were estimated. Uni and multivariate analyses were performed. Odds ratios, together with confidence intervals, were adjusted by gender and age. RESULTS: Life prevalence rates were 17.1% (95% CI: 12.9 - 21.2) for suicidal ideation, 4.8% (95% CI: 2.8 - 6.8) for plans and 2.8% (95% CI: 0.09 - 4.6) for suicide attempts. Only one-third of those who attempted suicide were later treated at a health facility. The 12-month prevalence rates were, respectively, 5.3% (95% CI: 3.5 - 7.2), 1.9% (95% CI: 1.0 - 2.8) and 0.4% (95% CI: -0.3 - 1.1). Suicidal ideation was more frequently reported by women (OR = 1.7), young adults (20-29 years old: OR = 2.9; 30-39 years old: OR = 3.6, compared to the 14-19 year old group), those living alone (OR = 4.2) and those presenting mental disorders (OR between 2.8 and 3.8). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of suicidal behavior was similar to that found in most studies carried out in other countries. Suicidal ideation was consistently associated with factors related to mental disorders or psychological distress. This should be taken into account when developing strategies to prevent suicidal behavior.

Targeted Youth Suicide Prevention Programs

2017 ◽  
pp. 507-514
Author(s):  
Jill Harkavy-Friedman ◽  
Herbert Hendin
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Juvenile Justice System ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Lgbt Youth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs

This chapter reviews examples of selective suicide prevention programs that have been developed for adolescents identified, or presumed, to be at increased risk for suicidal behavior. Although the youth targeted by such programs are considered to be particularly vulnerable to suicide, in most cases they had not yet exhibited specific signs of suicidal ideation and behavior. Discussed here are programs for five specific youth populations, each of which has shown elevated rates of suicidal behavior: Native American youth, youth with recent exposure to a suicide in the school or community, youth who have access to firearms in the home, youth who have been detained in the juvenile justice system, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth. Relatively few intervention programs for these populations have been developed to date. This chapter describes programs developed for each group, gives examples, and discusses the assumptions under which these programs operate.

Both high and low testosterone levels may play a role in suicidal behavior in adolescent, young, middle-age, and older men: a hypothesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Sher
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Low Testosterone ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Many studies suggest that testosterone plays a role in the regulation of mood and behavior. Most but not all investigations of the relationship between testosterone and suicidality found relations between testosterone and suicidal behavior. The balance of evidence is in favor of the view that testosterone is involved in the pathophysiology of suicidality. The author has previously proposed that suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults is associated with high testosterone levels, whereas suicidality in older men is associated with decreased testosterone levels. However, both high and low testosterone levels can be observed in adolescent, young, middle-aged and older men. In this article, the author proposes that both high and low testosterone levels may play a role in suicidal behavior in men of any age.

scholarly journals Treatment of Intrusive Suicidal Imagery Using Eye Movements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jael S Van Bentum ◽  
Marit Sijbrandij ◽  
Marcus Huibers ◽  
Annemiek Huisman ◽  
Arnoud Arntz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Therapeutic Change ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
And Behavior

Suicide and suicidal behavior are major public health concerns and affect 3-9% of the population worldwide. Despite growing evidence, there are still few effective interventions available to reduce suicide risk. In this article, we describe theoretical models of suicide ideation and behavior and propose to examine the possible effectiveness of a new and innovative preventive strategy. A model of suicidal intrusion (mental imagery related to suicide, also referred to as suicidal flash-forwards) is presented describing one of the assumed mechanisms in the etiology of suicide and the mechanism of therapeutic change. We provide a brief rationale for an Eye Movement Dual Task (EMDT) treatment for suicidal intrusions describing techniques that can be used to target these suicidal mental images and thoughts to reduce overall behavior. Based on the available empirical evidence for the mechanisms of suicidal intrusions, this approach appears to be a promising new treatment to prevent suicidal behavior as it potentially targets one of the linking pins between suicidal ideation and suicidal actions.

Familial Study of Suicidal Behavior Among Adolescents in Slovenia

Crisis ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Marušič ◽  
Saška Roškar ◽  
Roderick H. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Familial Study ◽  
Suicidal Plans

Summary: The number of adolescents who attempt or complete suicide is increasing. Risk factors range from mental disorders, to problems at school, family problems, or difficulties in establishing relationships. A further important, and too often underestimated, risk factor for adolescent suicide is the presence of suicidal behavior in the adolescent's family. We investigated 184 high school adolescents in a region in Slovenia with a high suicide rate (30/100,000/year). They were questioned by means of an anonymous questionnaire about the presence of suicidal behavior in their relatives and about the presence of suicidal thoughts, plans, and acts in themselves. The results revealed that 13% of the adolescents studied had a relative who had attempted suicide and a further 9% of the adolescents had lost a relative due to suicide. About half of all females and almost a third of males had had suicidal thoughts (differences between sexes were statistically significant: χ2 = 6.13; p < .01). Attempted suicide among relatives was positively correlated with the presence of suicidal plans among adolescents (Φ = 0.15; p < .05). This correlation proved to be even stronger and statistically more significant in men when we split the sample by gender. All variables (suicidal thoughts, suicidal plans, and suicide attempts) in the adolescent males positively correlated with attempted suicide among their relatives (Φ = 0.28, p < .01; Φ = 0.26, p < .05; Φ = 0.34, p < .01; respectively). Our results speak in favor of a higher risk of suicidal behavior among adolescents with suicidal behavior in their families.

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