scholarly journals Victims of Mass Political Repressions in Mordovia: Social Identfication, Memory and Oblivion

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
O. A. Bogatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Memory ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Collective Trauma ◽  
Regional Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Talking Cure

The subject of the study undertaken in 2019–2020 by the method of in-depth sociological interviews with the descendants of persons suffered of massive political repressions, including the dispossessed peasants, is the social memory of the population of the Republic of Mordovia about the mass political repressions of the 1920s – 1940s. The aims of the study were to identify the main strategies for dealing with collective trauma in families of repressed in a regional society, the main subjects of social memory about traumas of repression, strategies for remembering and forgetting, and social factors that influence their choice, strategies for group self-identification of the descendants of the repressed, prerequisites (or their lack) for the consolidation of broader traumatized communities, as well as the underlying cultural modalities of discussing trauma and repressions in terms of detraumatization or retraumatization. The results of the study show that the families of the repressed are the main social subjects that preserve the memory of mass repressions in Mordovia. At the same time, the descendants of the repressed do not show a tendency to form wider traumatized communities based on remembering the repressions and identifying their perpetrators. There are three main strategies for dealing with collective trauma in families of the repressed. The first one is silence which is typical mainly for the commemorative strategies of families that have not changed their place of residence, contributing to the individualization of trauma and its intergenerational transmission. The second strategy is “talking cure” the trauma of repressions in terms of legal and moral assessment, based in the Soviet period on the assimilation of the self-identification of the “Soviet person” instead of the former group identity destroyed by repressions. The third strategy is the creation of an anti-communist counter-narrative about mass repressions based on the least stable in intergenerational perspective strategy of family self-segregation. Family narratives about traumatic experience are dominated by detraumatizing modalities of historicization and mythologization, which do not question the value of group identities acquired due to the integration of the descendants of the repressed into the structure of Soviet society. In local communities, the predominant model for dealing with the traumatic past remains “dialogical oblivion”.

scholarly journals Tekstowe figury pamiętania w preambule konstytucji a kształtowanie pamięci kulturowej narodu

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Real Potential ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

The article describes the possibility of storing and reconstructing collective memory in the text of the preamble to the Constitution. The source material, which was analyzed, was the introduction to the currently binding constitution of the Republic of Poland. The aim of the study was to identify and describe fragments of the preamble, having a real potential of influence on shaping the social memory of the community. The methodology of cultural memory, proposed by Aleida and Jan Assmann, became a methodological basis for the conducted observation, with particular emphasis on the assumptions about the figures of memory, that is facts or objects, recalling memories or imaginations about memories.

scholarly journals OPPORTUNITIES OF THE SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF SUBSTITUTE FAMILIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MORDOVIA: ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCH RESULTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
T.V. Soloveva ◽  
◽  
E.G. Pankova ◽  
D.A. Bistyaikina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Adoptive Families ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of a study of the possibilities of the social protection system to improve the quality of life of substitute families in the Republic of Mordovia. The authors conclude that a substitute family is not a legally defined term for any type of family that accepts a child (children) left without parental care. Social protection of a substitute family is a system of support provided by providing a set of social services to the family in order to preserve and strengthen the social, psychological and physical health of members of the foster family and prevent secondary abandonment of the child. Professional formation and support of substitute families is one of the most important stages in the work of specialists working with a child placed in a family and members of this family. The results of the research presented in the article suggest that in General, substitute parents in the Republic of Mordovia are satisfied with the socio-psychological and socio-legal knowledge obtained during the preparation and decision-making on the creation of a substitute family. Adaptation and upbringing of a foster child, the features of children who have a traumatic experience of breaking up with their biological parents and the features of their development in adolescence – are the topics that were most significant for the substitute parents. The authors observed that adoptive families are heterogeneous both in terms of social well-being in General, and by the presence and intensity of elements, and therefore family policies should focus not only on the institution of foster families in General, but to be differentiated in relation to different groups. The results obtained provide a scientific basis for such a differentiated policy, which corresponds to the principle of targeting, widely declared in social policy and social work.

Sociology of social structures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ирина Подойницына ◽  
Irina Podoynicyna
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Class Formation ◽  
Regional Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rich People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Scientific Truth

The study of social structure, social stratification of society is the main topic of sociology. Knowledge of the social structure helps sociologists to perform a creative function to transform society. In the textbook I. I. Podoinitsyna examines the evolution of the views of foreign and domestic scientists on the processes of class formation and stratogenesis, comprehensively discusses the theoretical and methodological approaches to differentiation and analysis of class groups and factors of class formation. The textbook analyzes in detail the post-perestroika socio-structural processes in the Russian Federation, new approaches to the study of social differentiation of society, which began to develop in Russia due to transparency, restructuring, openness to ideological teachings penetrating from Abroad. The profile of social stratification of modern Russia appears to us in a new perspective, as if "bifurcated": we see Russia marginalized and Russia entrepreneurs, Russia, immersed in even greater poverty than we have seen in Soviet times, and Russia new managers, rich people, entrepreneurs and innovators. Exclusive are the chapters of the textbook devoted to the analysis of the regional social structure — in this case, the Yakut society, or the society of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The transformation of the social structure of Yakutia is considered in retrospect, since the XVIII century. The author analyzes the socio-professional, socio-cultural "lattice" of the social structure of the Republic, the ways and lifestyles of the population, the "breakthrough" of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the information society. The author of the textbook focuses on the methods by which you can study the social structure of society, including the technology of mathematical and statistical analysis. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) acts in this textbook as a kind of model of local, regional society, which should be studied by special methods. The tutorial has tests, control questions for each Chapter. Each Chapter is also provided with a detailed summary of the findings of the material presented. The scientific book discusses the prospects for the development of sociology of social structures in postmodern conditions, the emergence of a new approach to scientific truth. A large number of empirical, factual material — the results of studies in Russia and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) - is not just illustrative material that enriches the text of the textbook, but also helps to establish a bridge between theoretical and applied methods of analysis, on the example of these studies, the author demonstrates how to interpret the primary sociological data.

scholarly journals THE NEW WAY OF LIFE OF THE OLD BELIEVERS IN BURYATIA: “LIFE HAS IMPROVED, LIFE HAS BECOME MORE JOYOUS”? (1930s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Homyakov
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic

Establishment of the Soviet power in Buryatia was another and the most painful factor in the decline of the lifestyle of one of the communities living here – the Old Believers. Having appeared in the region in the second half of the XVIII century, they managed to preserve their religious identity and cultural specifics, although already at the beginning of the XX century researchers noted trends of breaking with the most orthodox traditions and discontinuity of generational ties. In the 1920s, the Bolsheviks skillfully supported the protest wave of young people against the power of their parents, the desire to change their lives by leaving the confines of a closed community, as well as the idea of Old Believers about everyday life (built around the basis of their identity, the Old-Orthodox religion) as about the dark and hopelessly outdated. Already in the 1930s, the messages of the main newspaper of the republic – “Buryat-Mongol Pravda” – reported on the new happy life of not only young, but also elderly Old Believers who had abandoned religious prejudices and were in the forefront of building the Soviet society in the villages of Buryat-Mongolia. The article considers the issue on what caused such a change in people’s mentality: the ideological victory of the Soviet propaganda or a socially approved behavior (including cases of active and continued general passive resistance to a new life)? Hence, taking into account the desire of the current Old Believers to return and develop old traditions, the tasks of analyzing the external (everyday) changes of the 1930s in working life and searching for attempts to preserve (for further continuity) the identity of the social group are set. The object of the study is the Old Believers’ community of a part of the former Verkhneudinsky uyezd (since the 1930s – Tarbagataisky and Mukhorshibirsky aimaks of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR), the subject is the ideological, cultural and religious processes that took place in their environment during the indicated period. As a brief conclusion, it follows that the ideological campaign in Buryat-Mongolia, which continued in the 1930s, had a formal character in the Old Believer districts, which took place in the adoption of changes in the way of life while preserving the foundations of religious identity.

scholarly journals Social drama of independence

2021 ◽  
Vol - (3) ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Sergii Proleiev
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

The article analyzes the problem of Ukraine's development since independence. A comparison of the way of organizing social reality in modern Ukraine and in the Soviet period is carried out. The main regulatory factor in the life of Soviet society was the principle of domination. Ukraine has inherited the principle of domination and retains its leading role in the current social order. Its various manifestations that determine the structure of Ukrainian society, in particular the growth of the bureaucratic class and bureaucratic pressure on all spheres and sections of life, are analyzed. The dominance of bureaucracy contains latent violence, feeds corruption and minimizes social dynamics. It is also a phenomenon of power rent, which finds its expression in a kind of "privatization of the state." Another universal effect of the principle of domination is the doubling of social reality into apparent and hidden. The apparent reality becomes a space for the existence of ordinary citizens and the implementation of legal procedures, while the hidden one contains a system of real circulation of power, which is not regulated by any legal regulations, instead, controls all movements of the social body. The systemic role in the hidden society is played by cliques — informal groups of influential people who really control the course of events. The con- sequence of the principle of domination is the passivity and marginalization of the Ukrainian citizen, associated with the defect of political participation. Such non-participation in power is embodied in such forms of consciousness as hope, liking, and despair. Today, independence is not a given, but a chance that must be realized. The way to this is through the restoration of the role of the people as a sovereign power and the development of non-dominant regulatory factors of sociality.

scholarly journals Economic Conditions on the Quality of Life: Republic of Tatarstan

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Aisylu Nagimova ◽  
Milyausha Zainullina ◽  
Nikiforova Elvira
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Regional Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Components

<p>The article considers the economic conditions for the formation of the quality of life for a regional society, the Republic of Tatarstan. This research bases on comparing the economic indicators of the development of the region and the results of a public opinion survey on the economic components of the quality of life and the material well-being of a family. Statistical indicators of the economic development in the Republic of Tatarstan over the past decade show a positive dynamics of growth, while the satisfaction of the population with the main components of economic well-being does not always has a similar picture. Our studies show that the material well-being of a family and an individual citizen is determined not only by the growth of the aggregate income of the family, but also by such macroeconomic indicators as the level of inflation, the growth of tariffs for utilities. Consequently, the social well-being of the population is more correlated with the real incomes of a family than from macroeconomic growth indicators.</p>

Cassation of Criminal Cases from Moscow Province Courts and Tribunals, 1921–1928

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Newman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Case Files ◽  
The Law

Although students of the Soviet period have long been fascinated with criminality, few works have studied courts and common criminals on the basis of trial records, especially during the nep. Aside from scholarly treatments of show trials, the reasoning behind judicial decisions and criminal pleas has been left to the imagination of Sovietologists. This gap is addressed by examining case files involving the primary form of appeal available to Soviet convicts: cassation. After detailing the evolution of Soviet cassation from its origins in the French Revolution and contextualizing its place in the Soviet justice system, this article embarks on a close reading of convicts’ pleas, prosecutors’ reports, and judges’ written decisions in cassational cases. Cassational appeals are examined to determine how different seats of power within the judiciary sparred over verdicts. Judicial decisions of cassational cases are cross-referenced with legal codes and legislation to determine how Soviet judges applied the law, particularly when considering the social backgrounds of appellants. From the outlook of criminals themselves, the wording of their appeals is analyzed to determine how they understood the law, Soviet society, and what they thought they needed to say to gain redemption. Ultimately, this paper explores how individuals brought before courts understood Soviet power and justice through the lens of criminal appeals during the infancy of the Soviet Union.

Marginālā sieviete un sociālie stereotipi Padomju Lavijā, Daugavpils pilsētā: pēc Daugavpils preses materiāliem (1953–1964)

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Iveta Krilova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
View Point ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Official View

In the Soviet period, which is marked in the history of Latvia SSR as a „Khrushchev thaw” (1953-1964), not only the laws and others normative documents of the Soviet Latvia, but also the social norms and stereotypes served as a foundation for formation of views on which women should be considered as marginal. Therefore, it was topical to explore the social stereotypes, formation of which was determined by the multicultural and multinational environment of Daugavpils, as well as the migration and soviet propaganda mechanisms. The analysis of materials of Daugavpils periodicals reflects the official view-point and ideological postulates of the Soviet regime. In this article, the problem of stigmatization of mar-ginalized women in soviet society was explored, studied and analysed according to various Daugavpils newspapers, such as annual sets of 1953-1964 printed editions „Padomju Daugava”/ „Krasnoje Znamja” („Red Banner”; Latvian National Archives, Daugavpils zonal archive, 871. fonds, description 1).

scholarly journals GENRE-SPECIFIC AND STYLISTIC INNOVATIONS IN THE DAGESTAN SOVIET MUSIC OF THE 1980s

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Elmira Bashirovna Abdullaeva
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Musical Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Musical ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soviet Music ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article describes the trends in the development of professional musical art of Dagestan in the 1980-s. The author shows that this period was indicative and interesting from the point of view of search and the embodiment of national musical thematism in different genres of the Dagestan professional music. Stylistic innovations contributed to the acquisition of the original musical language and confident presentation of music by Dagestan composers in the context of the Soviet musical art. The results of the study outlined the accumulated potential of professional music, through which, despite the complex changes in the social and political crisis of the 1990-s and the post-Soviet period, it was possible to preserve the school of composition and to promote the opening of the Dagestan state opera and ballet theatre in the republic.

Resettlement Processes in the Ukrainian SSR during the Holodomor (1932–34)

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-99
Author(s):  
Olesia Rozovyk
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Power ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Federative Socialist Republic

This article, based on archival documents, reveals resettlement processes in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1932–34, which were conditioned by the repressive policy of the Soviet power. The process of resettlement into those regions of the Soviet Ukraine where the population died from hunger most, and which was approved by the authorities, is described in detail. It is noted that about 90,000 people moved from the northern oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR to the southern part of the republic. About 127,000 people arrived in Soviet Ukraine from the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) and the western oblasts of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). The material conditions of their residence and the reasons for the return of settlers to their previous places of inhabitance are described. I conclude that the resettlement policy of the authorities during 1932–34 changed the social and national composition of the eastern and southern oblasts of Ukraine.

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