scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of chemical pollution of ferrous metallurgy enterprises on forests using satellite photographs

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 839-845
Author(s):  
V. P. Meshalkin ◽  
O. B. Butusov ◽  
V. G. Dovi ◽  
A. Yu. Belozerskii ◽  
V. V. Chelnokov
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
The State ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Original Algorithm ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technological Mode

The considered operating ferrous metallurgy enterprise uses three different technological modes of steel smelting, each of which is characterized by an individual composition of the ingredients of chemical pollutant emissions into the atmosphere affecting the state of the forest areas around this enterprise. Based on the decoding of satellite pixel photographs of forest areas, the technological mode with the least impact on forest areas was determined. It corresponds to the condition of the minimum area of ecological zones around the ferrous metallurgy enterprise. The authors propose an assessment of the impact of chemical pollution of ferrous metallurgy enterprises on forests in the form of areas of ecological zones of the state of forest vegetation and the volume of biomass in its various parts. The mosaic of ecological zones of forest areas is determined from their satellite pixel photographs using an original algorithm of “controlled cluster analysis”. The main recommendation for ferrous metallurgy enterprises to choose one of several alternative technological modes is as follows: the choice of technological mode should be based on a comparison of sizes of the areas of ecological zones. In this case, the technological mode with the smallest dimensions of the area is selected. Assessment of the damage caused by the chemical pollution of the plant to forest areas was determined by the area of ecological zones and the volume of biomass loss in forest areas in comparison with the background areas. The boundaries of ecological zones can be determined according to the “dose-effect” dependencies typical for the considered region.

scholarly journals METHODICAL QUESTIONS OF THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF AIR POLLUTION ON THE POPULATION’S HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 987-989
Author(s):  
Zulfya F. Sabirova ◽  
O. V. Budarina ◽  
M. V. Vinokurov ◽  
N. F. Fattachova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
The State ◽  
Informational Content ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
The Impact

On the basis of the analysis and an assessment of publications devoted to the impact of the pollution of atmospheric air on the population’s health and results of own researches in the field of oil processing, petrochemistry, chemistry, metallurgy insufficient informational content and validity of evidential base of “exposition - answer” dependence is established. Methodical questions allowing interpret correctly results of a quantitative assessment of the influence of chemical pollution on the population’s health are considered. The characteristic of informational content, choice criteria of air pollution indices and the state of the population’s health, methods of an assessment and statistical processing of results are given. Advantages of calculated models to study and the description of air pollution are shown.

scholarly journals STATE OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN KHARKIV AND KHARKIV REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (159) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
I. Lynnyk ◽  
K. Vakulenko ◽  
N. Shille ◽  
N. Katasonova
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
The City ◽  
Stationary Sources

The risk of chemical pollution is assessed by the level of its possible negative impact on the atmosphere, soils, groundwater and surface water, vegetation, animals and humans. The state of atmospheric air in Kharkiv and Kharkiv region is analyzed and it is revealed that atmospheric air pollution comes from mobile and stationary sources of pollution. One of the main sources of pollution is thermal power plants and oil and gas companies. The largest number of emissions from stationary sources is in Zmiiv, Krasnograd, Balakliia, Chuguiv districts and Kharkiv. The largest number of emissions from mobile sources is observed in Kharkiv and Derhachiv districts. The most polluted areas of the city of Kharkiv were identified, especially the central district and the area of the railway station, and the causes of pollution were established. As a result of comparison of the accepted maximum admissible concentrations of chemical substances in Ukraine, the USA and the countries of the European Union it is revealed that the Ukrainian norms are stricter. An analysis of emissions since 1990 found that their 9,14-fold reduction was due to a reduction in production and the closure of some enterprises as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union. The sharp drop in emissions since 2013 is also due to the economic crisis and hostilities in eastern Ukraine. The reduction of emissions is explained not only by the reduction of production volumes, but also by the implementation of air protection measures carried out at the enterprises of the city and the region. There is a close link between pollutant emissions and gross domestic product (GDP) production, which can be used in the future to forecast emissions. Measures aimed at improving the state of atmospheric air in Kharkiv region and the city of Kharkiv are presented.

scholarly journals Energy Demand in the State of Kuwait During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Technical, Economic, and Environmental Perspectives

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamad M. Alhajeri ◽  
Abdulrahman Almutairi ◽  
Abdulrahman Alenezi ◽  
Faisal Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
The State ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Peak Demand ◽  
The State Of Kuwait ◽  
The Impact

The present paper reports the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the electricity peak load and power generation in the State of Kuwait during the partial and full curfews imposed in March, April and May 2020 using historic data measured data and the predictions provided by a statistical genetic algorithm model. A quantitative assessment is made of the economic and environmental impacts caused by partial and full lockdowns. Comparison of measured peak demand for 2019 and 2020 with predicted peak demand for 2020 has: (i) enabled an accurate evaluation of residential energy consumption in the state of Kuwait at nearly 18 MWh yearly the highest energy consumption per capita in the world, (ii) shown that the imposition of the curfews to reduce the spread of COVID-19 caused a fall in the demand for electrical power of 17.6% compared with the expected demand and (iii) quantified the reduction in CO2, NOx and CO pollutant emissions produced by power plants due to less fuel being consumed. A mathematical model has been developed to predict the peak electric load in the national grid according to climatic data supplied by the Meteorological Department of Civil Aviation of Kuwait and National Control Center (NCC).

scholarly journals Environmental Impact Assessment Caused by Emissions from the State Enterprise ‘Kolky Forestry’

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Atmospheric Surface Layer ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
The State ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. Estimation of the impact of State Enterprise ‘Kolky Forestry’ pollutants emissions on atmospheric air. Methods. Environmental chemical analysis, instrumental analysis, computational method, generalization and systematization methods, comparativeanalytical, descriptive and cartographic methods. Results. The sources of pollutant emissions of State Enterprise ‘Kolky Forestry’ were examined. During the equipment operation, the following substances are emitted into the atmospheric air: iron oxide, manganese and its compounds, nitrogen oxides (in terms of dioxide), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, substances in the form of chemically undifferentiated suspended solids, hydrogen sulfide, benzene, hydrocarbons, xylene, toluene, sodium hydroxide, greenhouse gases (methane, carbon dioxide, dinitrogen oxide, NMVOCs). The assessment of pollutants emissions impact on the state of air pollution is carried out according to the results of the estimated dispersion of pollutants in the air and data obtained via instrumental research methods. The concentration of pollutants in the atmospheric surface layer at the borderline of the 100 m sanitary bufferis as follows: nitrogen oxides (in terms of dioxide) – 0.18 MPC, suspended solids – 0.55 MPC, sodium hydroxide (lye, caustic soda) – 0.10 MPC. Conclusions. The estimationof pollutants concentrationon the basis of actual and estimated emission rates revealed that harmful substances concentration in the atmospheric surface layer does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration and does not have a negative effect on human health and the state of the environment at the borderline of the sanitary buffer.

ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF AIR POLLUTION ON A SEGMENT OF THE CITY HIGHWAY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MIRA AVENUE IN THE CITY OF OMSK)

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
E.V. PARSAEV ◽  
◽  
I.A. TETERINA ◽  
P.N. MALYUGIN ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
The State ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The article presents the results of experimental and theoretical studies aimed at performing a qualitative assessment of the impact of traffic management on the level of air pollution from traffic flows in different sections of one segment of the city highway. Assessment of the state of atmospher-ic air pollution on a highway with heavy traffic (Pr. Mira, Omsk city) was carried out on the basis of determination of carbon monoxide (CO) in the air as one of the main components of the exhaust gases of the traffic stream. Calculations are graphically presented, indicating the unevenness of the amount of pollutant emissions by one passenger car moving along a conditional segment of the city highway with various variations in traffic conditions due to traffic management.

scholarly journals Assessing microscopic and rapid diagnostic tests for malaria among pregnant women with fever in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Bamgboye M Afolabi ◽  
Waheed Folayan ◽  
Titilola M Afolabi ◽  
Oladipo B Akinmoladun ◽  
Feyijimi Egunjobi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
The State ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
F Statistics

Background: Malaria as a health burden in sub-Saharan Africa is well-known. Information about access to programs by pregnant women during early antenatal care (ANC) visits and the impact on the burden of malaria is limited. Objective: To evaluate the utilization of malaria control services among pregnant women with fever between 2014 and 2018 in Ondo State, Southwest Nigeria. Materials and methods: Between 2014 and 2018, malaria-related indicators including the proportion of pregnant women with fever who were investigated with microscopy and Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) were tracked in Ondo State, Nigeria. Data were captured using the District Health Information Management version 2.0 (DHISv2.0) and analyzed using Stata 13 statistical software. Results: Throughout the study period, the mean (±sd) percentage of pregnant women with fever tested for malaria parasites with microscopy in all the LGAs was 2.71 (4.87) with the lowest and highest means (±sd) occurring in 2016 as 1.20 (1.71) and in 2018 as 5.47 (7.93) respectively with no significant difference (F-statistics=2.25; P-value=0.07).A statistically significant variation (F-statistics=34.90; P-value=0.0000001) was observed in the overall mean (±sd) proportion of pregnant women with fever who were tested for malaria with RDT over the study period with the lowest as 57.0 (15.2) in 2014 and the highest as 96.2 (4.1) in 2017.This level of significance was reflected mostly in the coastal (F-statistics=15.05; P-value=0.0000001) and in the rainforest (F-statistics=12.86; P-value=0.0000001) ecological zones of the state but much less in the Savannah ecological zone (F-statistics=3.23; P-value=0.04).There was no significant correlation (Pearson’s r=0.160, P-value=0.141) between fever cases that tested positive using microscopy and fever cases that tested positive with RDT. A noteworthy variation (F-statistics=3.96, P-value=0.005) was observed in the proportion of fever cases that tested positive with RDT but not with microscopy. Overall mean (±sd) proportion of pregnant women with confirmed fever cases was 76.66 (15.06), mostly in the Savannah ecological system (81.84±21.18) throughout the study period. Conclusion: Data from this study suggests that RDT gradually replaced microscopy in testing for malaria among pregnant women in Ondo State of Nigeria. It also suggests that some ecological zones may be more underserved than others in assessing malaria in pregnancy. More technical and financial assistance are needed for the State Malaria Elimination Program to improve ANC service utilization.

Russia - European Union: The continuation ofthe sanctions standoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
M. Klinova ◽  
E. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Current Data ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Year 2013

The article deals with economic sanctions and their impact on the state and prospects of the neighboring partner economies - the European Union (EU) and Russia. It provides comparisons of current data with that of the year 2013 (before sanctions) to demonstrate the impact of sanctions on both sides. Despite the fact that Russia remains the EU’s key partner, it came out of the first three partners of the EU. The current economic recession is caused by different reasons, not only by sanctions. Both the EU and Russia have internal problems, which the sanctions confrontation only exacerbates. The article emphasizes the need for a speedy restoration of cooperation.

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KERUGIAN NEGARA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

EDUKASI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Karianga
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Regional Finance ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
State Finance ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Sources of revenue and expenditure of APBD (regional budget) can be allocated to finance the compulsory affairs and optional affairs in the form of programs and activities related to the improvement of public services, job creation, poverty alleviation, improvement of environmental quality, and regional economic growth. The implications of these policies is the need for funds to finance the implementation of the functions, that have become regional authority, is also increasing. In practice, regional financial management still poses a complicated issue because the regional head are reluctant to release pro-people regional budget policy, even implication of regional autonomy is likely to give birth to little kings in region causing losses to state finance and most end up in legal proceedings. This paper discusses the loss of state finance and forms of liability for losses to the state finance. The result of the study can be concluded firstly,  there are still many differences in giving meaning and definition of the loss of state finace and no standard definition of state losses, can cause difficulties. The difficulty there is in an effort to determine the amount of the state finance losses. The calculation of state/regions losses that occur today is simply assessing the suitability of the size of the budget and expenditure without considering profits earned by the community and the impact of the use of budget to the community. Secondly, the liability for losses to the state finance is the fulfillment of the consequences for a person to give or to do something in the regional financial management by giving birth to three forms of liability, namely the Criminal liability, Civil liability, and Administrative liability.Keywords: state finance losses, liability, regional finance.

Financial and monetary policy of the State and its impact on the income level and poverty reduction in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-990
Author(s):  
N.I. Kulikov ◽  
V.L. Parkhomenko ◽  
Akun Anna Stefani Rozi Mobio
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Policy ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Subject. We assess the impact of tight financial and monetary policy of the government of the Russian Federation and the Bank of Russia on the level of household income and poverty reduction in Russia. Objectives. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of financial and monetary policy in Russia and determine why the situation with household income and poverty has not changed for the recent six years, and the GDP growth rate in Russia is significantly lagging behind the global average. Methods. The study employs methods of analysis of scientific and information base, and synthesis of obtained data. The methodology and theoretical framework draw upon works of domestic and foreign scientists on economic and financial support to economy and population’s income. Results. We offer measures for liberalization of the financial and monetary policy of the government and the Central Bank to ensure changes in the structure of the Russian economy. The proposed alternative economic and financial policy of the State will enable the growth of real incomes of the population, poverty reduction by half by 2024, and annual GDP growth up to 6 per cent. Conclusions. It is crucial to change budget priorities, increase the salaries of public employees, introduce a progressive tax rate for individuals; to reduce the key rate to the value of annual inflation and limit the bank margin. The country needs a phased program to increase the population's income, which will ensure consumer demand.

Challenges and threats to the economic security in the ferrous metallurgy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1527-1544
Author(s):  
I.L. Ryabkov ◽  
N.N. Yashalova
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Market Strategies

Subject. The article focuses on market strategies of the Russian enterprises operating in the ferrous metallurgy. Objectives. The study is to analyze corporate strategies the leading ferrous metal manufacturers use in the Russian Federation, such as NLMK Group, Severstal, Magnitogorsk Iron & Steel Works, EVRAZ Group. Methods. The study interprets public financial statements and methods of the logic, intuitive and comparative analysis. Results. We analyze market strategies of the Russian metal manufacturers, determine their development priorities and competitive advantages and weaknesses. We describe the impact of various threats and measures metallurgical companies undertake to eliminate them. Conclusions and Relevance. We sorted out possible threats and exposures of the Russian metallurgic companies' economic security and traced the dynamics of their significance for 2015 to 2019. Key threats relate to policies, economy, external and internal market, regulations and laws, production, distribution and financial management, consumption, IT, social welfare and environment.

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