scholarly journals Phytochemical variation among populations of Fouquieria splendens Engelm. (Fouquieriaceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Hugo Manuel Monreal-García ◽  
Norma Almaraz-Abarca ◽  
José Antonio Ávila-Reyes ◽  
Rene Torres-Ricario ◽  
M. Socorro González-Elizondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Relict Population ◽  
Phytochemical Variation ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Secondary metabolites are important chemomarkers. However, as a system to confront biotic and abiotic stress, chemical composition can vary, improving the phenotypic plasticity of plants.  We determined the potential of the foliar and floral phenolic composition, floral carotenoid contents to discriminate between two subspecies of <em>Fouquieria splendens</em> and assessed the effect of atypical environmental conditions on the chemical composition of a relict population of the subspecies <em>splendens</em>.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis</strong>: We hypothesized that chemical differences have arisen between the analyzed subspecies and in the relict population allowing the differentiation between them.</p><p><strong>Species studied: </strong><em>Fouquieria splendens</em> subsp. <em>splendens </em>and<em> Fouquieria splendens</em> subsp. <em>campanulata </em>(Fouquieriaceae).</p><p><strong>Study site and years of study:  </strong>Mezquital, Peñón Blanco, and San Juan del Río, Durango, México. March to August 2016.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Foliar and floral extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and FTIR-ATR. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the sample distinctiveness and to establish the relation between the chemical composition and environmental variables.<em></em></p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<em> </em>The chemical composition was highly conserved between the analyzed samples. Contrarily, an evident distinctiveness between phytochemical contents was observed. Soil parameters were the factors determining the particular quantitative phenolic profiles.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong><em> </em>The analyzed subspecies and populations showed similar chemical patterns; however, quantitative variations, determined by soil texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, organic carbon, and contents of K, Ca, and Na, allowed to differentiate them. The important phenolic quantitative variation of the atypical population of <em>F. splendens</em> subsp. <em>splendens</em> suggests a relevant contribution of phenolic compounds to the adaptation to its relict condition.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of SO<sub>2</sub> oxidation on ambient aerosol growth in water and ethanol vapours

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Petäjä ◽  
V.-M. Kerminen ◽  
K. Hämeri ◽  
P. Vaattovaara ◽  
J. Joutsensaari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Ethanol Vapours ◽  
Hygroscopic Particles ◽  
Ultrafine Aerosol

Abstract. Hygroscopicity (i.e. water vapour affinity) of atmospheric aerosol particles is one of the key factors in defining their impacts on climate. Condensation of sulphuric acid onto less hygroscopic particles is expected to increase their hygrocopicity and hence their cloud condensation nuclei formation potential. In this study, differences in the hygroscopic and ethanol uptake properties of ultrafine aerosol particles in the Arctic air masses with a different exposure to anthropogenic sulfur pollution were examined. The main discovery was that Aitken mode particles having been exposed to polluted air were more hygroscopic and less soluble to ethanol than after transport in clean air. This aging process was attributed to sulphur dioxide oxidation and subsequent condensation during the transport of these particle to our measurement site. The hygroscopicity of nucleation mode aerosol particles, on the other hand, was approximately the same in all the cases, being indicative of a relatively similar chemical composition despite the differences in air mass transport routes. These particles had also been produced closer to the observation site typically 3–8 h prior to sampling. Apparently, these particles did not have an opportunity to accumulate sulphuric acid on their way to the site, but instead their chemical composition (hygroscopicity and ethanol solubility) resembled that of particles produced in the local or semi-regional ambient conditions.

Characteristics of the Al-Brasses Affected Corrosion Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Liptáková ◽  
Martin Lovíšek ◽  
Branislav Hadzima
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Similar Chemical

The Al-brasses are considered corrosion resistant construction materials often used to pipe systems in energy industry, where they are exposed to flowing liquids environments. In that system the brasses are loaded chemically and mechanically. The aim of our research work is to compare corrosion properties of four Al-brasses produced by different manufactures because in operation conditions they have dissimilar reliability and durability. The examined Al-brasses have similar chemical composition but differ in microstructure, surface state what affects their corrosion and mechanical properties. The effect of the mentioned parameters on corrosion and mechanical susceptibility to degradation are investigated by chosen experimental methods.

The Thermal Volatilization of Petrodisel/Biodiesel from Waste Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2656-2660
Author(s):  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
Yong Bin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Ignition Quality ◽  
Long Chain

Thermogravimetry (TG) has been employed to yield information on the thermal volatilization of the fuels since the volatility influences the ignition quality of the fuels in a compression ignition engine. The chemical composition of -10 petrodiesel (-10PD) and waste oil biodiesel (WME) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The thermal volatilization of biodiesel and its blends was investigated by TG and liquid volatile theory. Volatile index was put forward for describing biodiesel/petrodisel volatility. A good correlation model was proposed for calculate the biodiesel/petrodiesel volatility by biodiesel blending ratio. The study showed that -10PD and WME had similar chemical composition and structure. -10PD was mainly composed of long chain alkanes: C8–C26. WME was mainly composed of long chain fatty acid methyl esters: C14:0–C22:0, C16:1–C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The volatile indexes of WME and -10PD were 1.47E-04 and 3.64E-05, respectively. The biodiesel was considerably more volatile in comparison to the petrodiesel. The WME/-10PD volatility was better with increasing the biodiesel blending ratio.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Production of Secondary Metabolites and Antioxidant Activity in Coffee Cultivars Susceptible and Partially Resistant to Bacterial Halo Blight

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1915
Author(s):  
Joyce Alves Goulart da Silva ◽  
Mário Lúcio Vilela de Resende ◽  
Ingridy Simone Ribeiro ◽  
Adriene Ribeiro Lima ◽  
Luiz Roberto Marques Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Defense Strategies ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Coffee production is one of the main agricultural activities in Brazil, and several coffee cultivars with disease resistance have already been developed. The secondary metabolites produced by plants are closely associated with defense strategies, and the resistance of coffee cultivars to bacterial halo blight (BHB) can be related to these compounds. Therefore, this study aims to compare a partially resistant coffee cultivar (Iapar-59) and a susceptible cultivar (Mundo Novo 376/4) to BHB (Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae) in relation to the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the leaf extracts. In addition, this study determined the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and phenolic profiles of the Iapar-59 leaf extracts of plants inoculated with P. syringae pv. garcae. The Iapar-59 extract showed a higher content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids than the Mundo Novo 376/4 extract. Both cultivars contained gallic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids; however, the highest contents were quantified in the Iapar-59 cultivar. The leaf extracts from the Iapar-59 cultivar exhibited higher antioxidant activity. Higher concentrations of gallic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids and the presence of vanillin were detected in the extract of cultivar Iapar-59 inoculated with P. syringae pv. garcae.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Fresh and Processed White Cauliflower

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad A. Ahmed ◽  
Rehab F. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

Brassicaspecies are very rich in health-promoting phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds, vitamin C, and minerals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different blanching (i.e., water and steam) and cooking (i.e., water boiling, steam boiling, microwaving, and stir-frying) methods on the nutrient components, phytochemical contents (i.e., polyphenols, carotenoids, flavonoid, and ascorbic acid), antioxidant activity measured by DPPH assay, and phenolic profiles of white cauliflower. Results showed that water boiling and water blanching processes had a great effect on the nutrient components and caused significant losses of dry matter, protein, and mineral and phytochemical contents. However, steam treatments (blanching and cooking), stir-frying, and microwaving presented the lowest reductions. Methanolic extract of fresh cauliflower had significantly the highest antioxidant activity (68.91%) followed by the extracts of steam-blanched, steam-boiled, stir-fried, and microwaved cauliflower 61.83%, 59.15%, 58.93%, and 58.24%, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed that the predominant phenolics of raw cauliflower were protocatechuic acid (192.45), quercetin (202.4), pyrogallol (18.9), vanillic acid (11.90), coumaric acid (6.94), and kaempferol (25.91) mg/100 g DW, respectively.

scholarly journals Creating artificial Rhino Horns from Horse Hair

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixin Mi ◽  
Z. Z. Shao ◽  
F. Vollrath
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Similar Chemical Composition ◽  
The Real ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Horse Hair ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Tga Analysis

Abstract Demand for rhino horn is driving poaching with devastating effect for the few individuals left of the few species surviving from this once numerous, widespread and cosmopolitan clade of pachyderms. We bundled together tail hairs of the rhino’s ubiquitous near relative, the horse, to be glued together with a bespoke matrix of regenerated silk mimicking the collagenous component of the real horn. This approach allowed us to fabricate composite structures that were confusingly similar to real rhino horn in look, feel and properties. Spectral and thermal FT-IR, DSC and TGA analysis demonstrated the similar chemical composition and thermo-mechanical properties between the natural and the faux horns.

scholarly journals Seasonal Phytochemical Variation and Antifungal Evaluation of Different Parts of Epidendrum Mosenii

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300
Author(s):  
Patrícia Walter Rosa ◽  
Marina Da Silva Machado ◽  
Rivaldo Niero ◽  
Susana Zacchino ◽  
Maria De Los Ángeles Gette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Variation ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Microbiological Properties

Epidendrum mosenii is a Brazilian medicinal plant, traditionally used to treat infections and pains. This study reports on the chemical composition and microbiological properties of different parts and in different seasons of this plant. Results demonstrate that 4,3′,5′-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-dihydrostilbene (1), 4,5-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethoxy-dihydrostilbene (2) and pholidotin (3) were mainly present in the roots in all seasons, and the yield of mass extract increased their recovery in other parts, such as the stem and leaves for compounds (2) and (3), in summer and winter, respectively. The antifungal results indicate that compounds (1) and (2) have interesting activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Microsporum gypseum, Trychophyton rubrum and Trychophyton mentagrophytes with MIC values between 62.5 and 125 μg/mL. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the antifungal properties of E. mosenii are related, at least in part, to the presence of dihydrostilbenes 1 and 2, and this is useful for quality control of phytopreparations based on this plant, justifying the popular use of this plant to treat infections.

Energy and protein values of four forages, including a comparison between tropical and temperate species

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Margan ◽  
NM Graham ◽  
DJ Minson ◽  
TW Searle
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Temperate Species ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Tropical Forages ◽  
Carbon Balances ◽  
Energy Maintenance

Artificially dried grass of 2 tropical species (Setaria spacelata and Digitaria decurnbens) from which most of the stem had been removed, and a temperate grass (Loliurn perenne) grown under the same subtropical conditions, were compared for energy and protein value. Data for a temperate clover hay (Trifolium resupinatum) that was tested concurrently are included because they provide useful contrasts. Each was evaluated by measuring energy, nitrogen (N) and carbon balances in 4 adult sheep at 2 levels of intake (ad libitum and near energy maintenance) and during fasting. The 3 grasses had similar leaf content (76-83%) and the clover much less (60%). The tropical forages had similar chemical composition but they contained less crude protein (10%) than the ryegrass (L. perenne) (1 5%) and more cell wall constituents (63-66% v. 58%). The clover had the most crude protein (19%) and the least cell walls (38%); it also was highest in carbohydrates, pectin and heat of combustion. Voluntary intakes of the setaria, pangola (D. decumbens) and ryegrass were similar and 20-30% lower than the intake of clover. Digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and energy were similar for the grasses and 8 percentage units lower than for the clover whereas digestibility of crude protein differed between the tropical and temperate species, the latter having digestibilities 12-15 units greater. Digestibility of cell walls did not vary. The metabolisable energy (ME) values of the grasses at maintenance were 8.3-8.5 MJ/kg DM while that of clover was 10.1; at maximum intakes, corresponding ME values were 7.9 and 10.0 MJ/kg DM. Net availability of ME for gain was 0.42 for the tropical grasses and the persian clover and 0.36 for the ryegrass. By contrast, the tropical forages supported higher gains of N relative to N supply than did the temperate forages because urinary N loss was not affected by intake of the tropicals; these differences in N gain were drastically reduced when gain was expressed in relation to ME. These results do not support the contention that forages of tropical species have a lower energy value per kg than temperate forages of similar composition. Indeed, the tropical species tested here appear to have had an ideal balance of energy and protein insofar as efficiency of use of digestible N was close to 100% and their energy values were commensurate with their chemical composition.

scholarly journals ATR-FTIR Analysis and One-Week Stress Relaxation of Four Orthodontic Aligner Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florina Jaggy ◽  
Spiros Zinelis ◽  
Georgios Polychronis ◽  
Raphael Patcas ◽  
Marc Schätzle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Ftir Microscopy ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rectangular Strips ◽  
Level Of Significance

The aim of this study was to estimate possible differences in the chemical composition and relaxation of orthodontic aligner materials. Four commercially available thermoplastic materials CAM (Scheu-Dental, Iserlohn, Germany), COP (Essix, Dentsply Raintree Essix Sarasota, FL, USA), DUR (Great Lakes Dental Technologies, Tonawanda, NY) and ERK (Erkodent Erich Kopp, Pfalzgrafenweiler Germany) were included in this study. Rectangular strips from each material were prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions and subjected to attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and stress relaxation characterization. The reduction in applied stress (RAS) after one week was estimated and statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA at the 0.05 level of significance. All specimens were subjected to optical microscopy before and after stress relaxation testing under transmittance polarized illumination. ATR-FTIR microscopy revealed that all materials are made of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) while no significant differences were identified in RAS values among materials tested, which ranged from 6%–10% (p ≥ 0.05). All samples illustrated the developments of shear bands during relaxation testing according to optical microscopy findings. The tested materials illustrated similar chemical composition and relaxation behavior and thus no differences in their clinical efficacy are anticipated.

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