scholarly journals La construcción de confianza Estado-policías-comunidad, un problema de diseño institucional/ Constructing Trust on State-Police-Community relationships, a problem of Institutional Design

2017 ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Basilio Verduzco Chávez
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Building Trust ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Different Levels

Este artículo presenta una lectura de la situación de inseguridad en la que se destaca la incapacidad del Estado para integrar soluciones organizacionales e institucionales que proporcionen seguridad a los agentes de los cuerpos policiales, ayuden a construir relaciones de confianza entre policías y sociedad, incrementen la legitimidad de las actuaciones policiales y, en consecuencia, reduzcan los índices de criminalidad observados. Se analiza la experiencia mexicana para estudiar la falta de confianza y el pobre desempeño de la policía como resultados de fallas de diseño institucional. Los problemas de diseño institucional persisten debido a errores de interpretación de la racionalidad de los actores y de los procesos de cambio social registrados en el país, malos diagnósticos de los problemas de seguridad, problemas al distinguir entre estructuras de implementación y poblaciones objetivo, al diseñar políticas públicas que forman parte de una estrategia de soberanía graduada que ofrece protección desigual a los ciudadanos.ABSTRACTThis article presents an interpretation of insecurity, highlighting the lack of capacity of the State to integrate organizational and institutional solutions aimed at providing protection to police officers, building trust on police-society relationships, increasing police legitimacy and, therefore, reducing crime rates. Based on the analysis of the Mexican experience, this article looks at the lack of trust and the poor performance of police corps, consequences of institutional design failures. Such failures persist due to erroneous readings of actors´ rationalities and social change processes observed in the country, poor diagnostics of security problems, and confusion of implementation structures and target populations in public policies that integrate a graduated sovereignty strategy through which the state offers different levels of police protection to its citizens.

Contribution of the Police Academy in Szczytno to Counter-terrorist Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol Special Issue ◽  
pp. 101-116
Author(s):  
Waldemar Zubrzycki
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Police Academy ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Different Levels

One of the state entities which have the task of preventing and combating terrorism is the Police, while the Police Academy in Szczytno is their intellectual base. It is not only an organisational unit of the Police, but also a higher education institution with legal personality. This status entitles it to teach at different levels of civilian higher education, as well as conduct in-service training for police officers. Education in the area of terrorist threats and counteracting them is aimed, on the one hand, at making the students aware of the scale of such threats and their accurate identification, as well as the ways of responding to them by the state and its institutions, and, on the other hand, at learning specific reflexes that will allow anyone who finds themselves in an area threatened by a terrorist attack to quickly assess the resulting threat and to react immediately. The goals set in this way are reflected in the employment structure of the academy, which includes specialist organisational units, and among the scientific and teaching staff are experts, including practitioners, who in the past carried out the tasks of the state at different levels of the system for counteracting terrorist threats. They systematically participate in scientific undertakings, including research projects, scientific conferences and publication work, participate in the work of expert teams, both national and international, and cooperate extensively with external entities. The result of their multidimensional activities is shaping and deepening social awareness of terrorist threats and desired attitudes towards them, as well as appropriate preparation of police officers, but also other services, to safely perform tasks related to the elimination of terrorist threats.

scholarly journals A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DO ESTADO FRENTE AOS ABUSOS SEXUAIS OCORRIDOS NO TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO: UMA ANÁLISE TEÓRICA E SOCIAL DA INFLUÊNCIA DA CULTURA PATRIARCAL NO ESPAÇO PÚBLICO

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (210) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
THAINA DE ARAUJO SILVA ◽  
Jhessica Larissa Carvalho Sarath
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Essential Service

The present article deals with the cases of sexual abuse that occur in public transport, resulting from the patriarchal culture rooted in society, as well as the poor performance of the State in offering a public service, without guaranteeing its quality. Based on this situation, it is analyzed how the patriarchal and sexist culture is present in society and how the State is silent on public measures and policies that are in fact effective in guaranteeing the safety of women in the public space. Thus, it is concluded that for such a scenario to be solved or at least improved, there is a greater participation of the State as an essential service provider and policies with the objective of eradicating inequality of gender. This research uses the following methodology classified as: deductive, exploratory, with a monographic research, from a qualitative perspective.

Enhancing Competitiveness of Public Utilities in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 240-252
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Oritsejafor
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Holding Company ◽  
The Poor

The poor performance of the state owned electricity company the National Electric Power Authority (NEPA), has provided the impetus for the establishment of the Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN). However, despite the power sector reforms in Nigeria the country has continued to face massive challenges in the generation and distribution of electricity.

scholarly journals Restructuring State-owned Enterprises of a State Government of India: Problems, Prospects, and Lessons Learnt

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Suvendu Bose
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
The State ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Regular Feature ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Financial Restructuring

Poor performance has become a regular feature of the state-owned manufacturing enterprises in spite of their having experienced workforce, old brand reputation, etc. Most of them have fallen into a vicious cycle due to their prolonged poor performance. The problem starts with the poor working capital position, leading to high raw material cost and uncompetitive final product pricing. This leads to the generation of a very low investible surplus. Not having investible surplus has forced the state-owned manufacturing companies to a financial situation where they are facing severe dearth of capital. The age-old plant and machineries coupled with outdated technology used for production face severe problem under the dearth of capital condition and the manufacturing units become incapable of generating sufficient investible surplus. Lack of modernization of machinery and upgradation of people skills lead to constraints in producing value-added product which have both market demand as well as the potential for greater contribution than the regular product. Therefore, the manufacturing companies continue to perform poorly, without any product-mix diversification. The poor operational performance also gets reflected in their financial performance. Despite having positive contribution at operating margin before direct labour, most of the state-owned manufacturing companies are incurring losses at Earning Before Interest, Tax, Depreciation and Amortisation (EBITDA) level, even under the best-case scenario, mainly because of huge amount of employee cost. This paper suggests two solutions for these manufacturing companies — restructuring and disinvestments. The financial restructuring of the state-owned enterprises has become a unique programme in the country having the following key features: Broad political consensus has been arrived at on the financial restructuring programme. Unique and extensive stakeholder consultation process has been adopted to facilitate buy-in of staff associations and unions on restructuring proposals Innovative framework and principles have been established for: categorization of enterprises early retirement scheme for employees Social Safety Net programme financial restructuring transparent and competitive bidding process with in-built safeguard A Public Enterprises Cell has been created for guiding the restructuring efforts. Impact of government's budgetary resources is seen in reduction of the State loan exposure to the tune of around Rs.344 crore, primarily through conversion of loans to equity. Impact on performance of enterprises identified for restructuring is reflected in the reduction in aggregate net loss to the tune of around Rs. 67.5 crore. Further improvement of the state-owned enterprises has been recommended based on the lessons learnt during the process of financial restructuring. It is believed that opportunities do exist for widening the scope of the programme.

scholarly journals Analysing the performance of public enterprises in Namibia: A challenge for the practice of public administration?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
Ralph Marenga
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
National Development ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
Accountability Measures ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government

Public enterprises (PEs) are important instruments through which governments implement various national development objectives. A majority of PEs in Namibia face criticism on their inability to meet performance targets. These PEs are poorly managed and are a constant financial burden to the state. The degree of state acceptability through its public administrative processes as influenced by PE performance has been problematised as having a bearing on the trust and confidence of the public in the government. A qualitative paradigm was followed in analysing PE performance and its challenges for public administration in Namibia. The current text finds that poor accountability measures, financial burden on the state, procurement anomalies and the proliferation of corruption as some of the underlying causes for the poor performance of a majority of PEs in Namibia. This status quo erodes the public’s trust in the ability of the government to manage PEs. The study found a great contradiction in the relationship that exists between the government as a shareholder with the leadership of most PEs as relating to the crux of the agency theory. This study centrally recommends the robust implementation of existing legislation to redress the poor performance of PEs and its challenges for public administration.

Twenty-Five Years after Sa-I-Gu: Multiracial Politics in Times of Crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Chang ◽  
Daniel Martinez HoSang ◽  
Soya Jung ◽  
Chandan Reddy ◽  
Alex Tom
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
The State ◽  
Racial Capitalism

We chose to frame this conversation in terms of crisis: not only the state of permanent crisis created by racial capitalism and settler colonialism but also specific flashpoints like Sa-I-Gu [the Korean term for the April 1992 uprising in Los Angeles after the acquittal of the police officers involved in the Rodney King beating]. We want to look at the conditions surrounding these flashpoints and the responses to them that then shaped race consciousness and politics subsequently. Today we have no shortage of crisis, no shortage of flashpoints. And yet there is hope. Perhaps more than at any other time in my lifetime, there are opportunities to shift mass culture, at the very least to popularize and normalize a slightly more critical consciousness. So now I want to turn to my friends here to talk about crisis and multiracial politics. We’ll start with Sa-I-Gu and work forward to this moment and also to future possibilities.

The Roma in Post-Communist Bulgaria: Growing Social Marginalization and State Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yorgos Christidis
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Social Marginalization ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The Poor

This article analyzes the growing impoverishment and marginalization of the Roma in Bulgarian society and the evolution of Bulgaria’s post-1989 policies towards the Roma. It examines the results of the policies so far and the reasons behind the “poor performance” of the policies implemented. It is believed that Post-communist Bulgaria has successfully re-integrated the ethnic Turkish minority given both the assimilation campaign carried out against it in the 1980s and the tragic events that took place in ex-Yugoslavia in the 1990s. This Bulgaria’s successful “ethnic model”, however, has failed to include the Roma. The “Roma issue” has emerged as one of the most serious and intractable ones facing Bulgaria since 1990. A growing part of its population has been living in circumstances of poverty and marginalization that seem only to deteriorate as years go by. State policies that have been introduced since 1999 have failed at large to produce tangible results and to reverse the socio-economic marginalization of the Roma: discrimination, poverty, and social exclusion continue to be the norm. NGOs point out to the fact that many of the measures that have been announced have not been properly implemented, and that legislation existing to tackle discrimination, hate crime, and hate speech is not implemented. Bulgaria’s political parties are averse in dealing with the Roma issue. Policies addressing the socio-economic problems of the Roma, including hate speech and crime, do not enjoy popular support and are seen as politically damaging.

The Constitutional Principle of Accountability: A Study of Contemporary South African Case Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuks Okpaluba
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Law ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Many

‘Accountability’ is one of the democratic values entrenched in the Constitution of South Africa, 1996. It is a value recognised throughout the Constitution and imposed upon the law-making organs of state, the Executive, the Judiciary and all public functionaries. This constitutional imperative is given pride of place among the other founding values: equality before the law, the rule of law and the supremacy of the Constitution. This study therefore sets out to investigate how the courts have grappled with the interpretation and application of the principle of accountability, the starting point being the relationship between accountability and judicial review. Therefore, in the exercise of its judicial review power, a court may enquire whether the failure of a public functionary to comply with a constitutional duty of accountability renders the decision made illegal, irrational or unreasonable. One of the many facets of the principle of accountability upon which this article dwells is to ascertain how the courts have deployed that expression in making the state and its agencies liable for the delictual wrongs committed against an individual in vindication of a breach of the individual’s constitutional right in the course of performing a public duty. Here, accountability and breach of public duty; the liability of the state for detaining illegal immigrants contrary to the prescripts of the law; the vicarious liability of the state for the criminal acts of the police and other law-enforcement officers (as in police rape cases and misuse of official firearms by police officers), and the liability of the state for delictual conduct in the context of public procurement are discussed. Having carefully analysed the available case law, this article concludes that no public functionary can brush aside the duty of accountability wherever it is imposed without being in breach of a vital constitutional mandate. Further, it is the constitutional duty of the courts, when called upon, to declare such act or conduct an infringement of the Constitution.

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