scholarly journals Authentic Understanding of Legal Status of the Municipal Entity head as a Source of Improving Management Quality in Post-Soviet Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bukhantsov ◽  
Marina Komarova ◽  
Alexandr Shalak
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Management Quality ◽  
The Status ◽  
Subjective Factor ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Executive Officers

Currently, when the role of the subjective factor in all public processes, without exception, becomes almost crucial, the study of the theory and practice of management at all levels is becoming increasingly urgent. Due to various reasons, municipal entity heads, possessing significant powers, often fail to copy their duties. In our view, without theoretical analysis of the status of the ME head, the solution of other heuristic tasks is problematic. The analysis of the current scientific literature indicates the absence of a unified approach to understanding the essence and structure of the executive officers power and authority. And it appears to be non-casual. The legal status of the ME head, as we are trying to prove, is dialectally contradictory to the legal status of the personality, which also does not hold true among the scientists. The article examines these key concepts in the context of the existing literature, but primarily with a focus on the analysis of relevant legislation. As a result, the authors give their understanding of the legal status of the individual and the citizen and the legal status of the ME head. With that, the emphasis is placed not on the rights but on the responsibilities, which in acquiring powers of office, impose limitations on the rights and freedoms of the ME head as the individual and the citizen. Only proper understanding of this collision will give rise to the prerequisites for improving the management quality.

THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Mbuzeni Mathenjwa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Local Government ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
African Union ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Status ◽  
Administrative Units

The place and role of local government within the structure of government in Africa has attracted much public interest. Prior to and after independence, African countries used local government as the administrative units of central governments without their having any legal status, to the extent that local authorities were under the strict control of central governments. The autonomy of local government is pivotal in the democratisation of a country. The United Nations, European Union and African Union have adopted treaties to promote the recognition and protection of local government in the state parties’ constitutions. Accordingly, this article explains the status of local government in Africa and its impact on strengthening democracy in African states.

THE ISSUE OF MINORS’S GUARDIANSHIP SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Ирина Викторовна Евстафьева
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
The Given

В статье исследуются вопросы попечительства в отношении несовершеннолетних, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы. Проблема, поднимаемая автором настоящей статьи, многогранна, касается различных аспектов отбывания наказания несовершеннолетними в воспитательных колониях и требует комплексного исследования, способного ответить на определенно значимый вопрос: является ли колония законным представителем находящихся в ней несовершеннолетних со всеми вытекающими из статуса законных представителей последствиями. При этом необходимо обращать внимание на специфику правового статуса лиц, отбывающих наказание в воспитательных колониях, которые, во-первых, являются несовершеннолетними, то есть не обладают дееспособностью в полном объеме и нуждаются в особой заботе, защите и представительстве, а во-вторых, осуждены за совершение тяжкого или особо тяжкого преступления, влекущего изоляцию от общества и определенные ограничения и лишения. Отечественное законодательство достаточно детально регламентирует особенности режима отбывания наказания в виде лишения свободы несовершеннолетними, не определяя при этом статуса воспитательных колоний, кем они являются: воспитателями, попечителями или исключительно учреждениями исполнения наказаний. Между тем правильное понимание значения и роли воспитательной колонии в жизни находящихся в ней несовершеннолетних преступников, по мнению автора, поможет избежать ряда проблем, объективно складывающихся в учреждениях подобного рода. С этой точки зрения предлагаемая тема представляет интерес не только для ученых-теоретиков, но и для практиков - сотрудников соответствующих учреждений. Особо следует подчеркнуть, что исследований по данной тематике в специальной литературе нет. Отдельные исследования, встречающиеся в современной литературе, касаются исключительно общего гражданско-правового статуса несовершеннолетних осужденных. Однако это обстоятельство может свидетельствовать только о новизне данной темы, но никак не об отсутствии самой проблемы. The article analyzes the issues of the status of educational colonies as guardians of minors serving a sentence of imprisonment. In fact, the problem raised by the author of this article is multifaceted, concerns various aspects of the serving of punishment by minors in educational colonies and requires a comprehensive study that can answer, it seems, a definitely significant question: whether the colony is the legal representative of the minors in it with all the consequences arising from the status of legal representatives in the form of duties and responsibilities. At the same time, it seems, it is necessary to pay attention to the specifics of the legal status of citizens serving sentences in educational colonies, who, firstly, are minors, i.e. do not have full legal capacity and need special care, protection and representation, and, secondly, are convicted of committing a serious or particularly serious crime, entailing isolation from society and certain restrictions and deprivation. Domestic legislation regulates in sufficient detail the peculiarities of the regime of serving sentences in the form of deprivation of liberty by minors, without determining the status of educational colonies. Who are they: educators, Trustees or only institutions of execution of punishments. Meanwhile, the correct understanding of the importance and role of the educational colony in the life of juvenile offenders in it, according to the author, will help to avoid a number of problems that objectively develop in institutions of this kind. From this point of view, the proposed topic is of interest not only for theoretical scientists, but for practitioners-employees of relevant institutions. It should be emphasized that there are no studies on this subject in the special literature. However, this circumstance can testify only about novelty of the given subject, but in any way about absence of the problem. It seems that the relevance and importance of a problem is not always measured by the number of studies devoted to it. Sometimes these its traits are manifest only under particularly careful consideration.

scholarly journals Legal Regulation of the Status of Subjects of Special Competence in Relation to Public Administration in the Sphere of Intellectual Property in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Yevhen Leheza ◽  
Yuriy Deliya ◽  
Eduard Ryzhkov ◽  
Serhii Albul ◽  
Oleksandr Shamara
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Special Competence

Relevant issues of the administrative and legal status of subjects of special competence in relation to public administration in the field of intellectual property are considered. Main  content. A circle of specified subjects in the system of subjects of public administration is determined. The role of subjects of special competence in the fulfilment of tasks of public administration in the sphere of intellectual property is identified. Classification of subjects of special competence regarding public administration in this field is presented. Features of the administrative or legal status of each group of subjects of special competence in relation to public administration in the field of intellectual property are analyzed. Specifics of the influence of these subjects on legal relations arising in the sphere of intellectual property are characterized. Materials and methods research based on the analysis of documentary sources. the  basis  is  the  dialectical  method  of  cognition  of  the  facts  of  social  reality,  on  which  the  formal legal and comparative legal approaches are largely based. Conclusions are drawn about the place of subjects of special competence in relation to public administration in the field of intellectual property among other subjects. Proposals on the necessity to improve current domestic legislation in the sphere of intellectual property are formulated.Keywords: Public administration; Intellectual property; Legal regulation; Relation; Sphere; Subjects of special competence Peraturan hukum status subjek kompetensi khusus dalam kaitannya dengan administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual di Ukraina  Abstrak.Masalah yang relevan dari status administrasi dan hukum mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus dalam kaitannya dengan administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual dipertimbangkan. Isi utama. Lingkaran mata pelajaran tertentu dalam sistem mata pelajaran administrasi publik ditentukan. Peran mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus dalam pemenuhan tugas administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual diidentifikasi. Klasifikasi mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus tentang administrasi publik di bidang ini disajikan. Fitur status administrasi atau hukum dari setiap kelompok mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus dalam kaitannya dengan administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual dianalisis. Spesifik pengaruh subjek ini pada hubungan hukum yang timbul di bidang kekayaan intelektual dicirikan. Bahan dan metode penelitian berdasarkan analisis sumber dokumenter. Basisnya adalah metode kognisi dialektis atas fakta-fakta realitas sosial, yang menjadi dasar sebagian besar pendekatan hukum formal dan hukum komparatif. Kesimpulan diambil tentang tempat mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus dalam kaitannya dengan administrasi publik di bidang kekayaan intelektual antara mata pelajaran lainnya. Proposal tentang perlunya meningkatkan undang-undang domestik saat ini di bidang kekayaan intelektual dirumuskan.Kata kunci: Administrasi publik, Kekayaan intelektual, Regulasi hukum, Hubungan, Lingkungan, Mata pelajaran kompetensi khusus Правовое регулирование статуса субъектов особой компетенции в отношении государственного управления в сфере интеллектуальной собственности в УкраинеАннотация Рассмотрены актуальные вопросы административно-правового статуса субъектов особой компетенции применительно к государственному управлению в сфере интеллектуальной собственности. Основное содержание. Определен круг указанных субъектов в системе субъектов государственного управления. Выявлена роль субъектов специальной компетенции в выполнении задач государственного управления в сфере интеллектуальной собственности. Представлена классификация предметов особой компетенции государственного управления в этой области. Анализируются особенности административно-правового статуса каждой группы субъектов особой компетенции применительно к государственному управлению в сфере интеллектуальной собственности. Охарактеризована специфика влияния этих субъектов на правоотношения, возникающие в сфере интеллектуальной собственности. Материалы и методы исследования на основе анализа документальных источников. в основе лежит диалектический метод познания фактов социальной действительности, на котором в значительной степени базируются формально-правовой и сравнительно-правовой подходы. Сделаны выводы о месте субъектов особой компетенции по отношению к государственному управлению в сфере интеллектуальной собственности среди других субъектов. Сформулированы предложения о необходимости совершенствования действующего украинского законодательства в области интеллектуальной собственности.Ключевые слова: Государственное управление, Интеллектуальная собственность, Правовое регулирование, Отношения, Сфера, Субъекты особой компетенции.

Criminal law measures to combat provocation of crimes and falsification of criminals

2021 ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Viktor N. Borkov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
The Individual

The article examines the criminal-legal aspects of the actual problem of protecting the inviolability of the individual from the unacceptable activity of state representatives in the exercise of law enforcement functions. Topical issues for theory and practice of the legal nature of the provocation of crime and the falsification of criminals remain debatable. There are no unified approaches to the qualification of provocative and inflammatory actions and cases of "throwing" objects to citizens, for the turnover of which criminal responsibility arises, there is no theoretical justification for the criminal legal status of persons provoked to commit a crime. The article shows that the qualification of common cases of provocation of crimes and falsification of criminals according to the norms providing for liability for abuse of official authority, falsification of evidence or the results of operational investigative activities should be recognized as not accurate. At the same time, responsibility for these actions committed by subjects who are not officials, and without the participation of the latter, has not been established at all. The author proposes a draft criminal law provision providing for liability for inducing to commit a crime or its staging in order to illegally create grounds for criminal prosecution. The paper questions the approach according to which a person provoked by law enforcement officers to commit a crime is not subject to criminal liability regardless of the specifics of the encroachment.

Junior Scholars in Search of Equity for Women and Minorities

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona R. Rush ◽  
Carol E. Oukrop ◽  
Katharine Sarikakis ◽  
Julie Andsager ◽  
Billy Wooten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Mass Communications ◽  
Promotion And Tenure ◽  
Unequal Treatment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Academic Units ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Individual

This paper reflects upon the 2002 report on the status of women in journalism and mass communications education that updated and expanded the 1972 study by senior authors Rush and Oukrop. Survey data from the 1972 and the 2002 studies are compared in a highlights section. The focus of this monograph is on the demographic group of “junior scholars” from the 2002 database. It argues that the majority of junior scholars perceive discrimination in several aspects of academic life, including the processes of hiring, promotion, and tenure. The major area of discrimination reported is salary, although rewards other than financial are also subject to unequal treatment. Furthermore, junior scholars are still confronted with centuries-old prejudices that define the role of women as caretakers and impose that role upon them, with effects on women's professional development. The working conditions in the academy are finally reflected in the research outcomes and knowledge produced. The 2002 study report demonstrates that 30 years later women still perceive discrimination. Women and minorities have made great strides in the national organization, the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC), but discrimination remains a significant issue in the individual academic units of universities. This monograph argues that the Ratio of Recurrent and Reinforced Residuum (R3) consistently fits data about women in journalism and mass communication both in the academy and in media professions around the world. This paper includes reflections and comments of younger scholars currently at different stages on the academic ladder and makes recommendations for short and long-term actions that new scholars, academic units, and communications organizations should take to help correct inequality.

scholarly journals Determinants of Legal Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Scorobogatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. This article is devoted to the research of essence and the legal behaviour of the person. The purpose of article is the identification of the factors influencing formation, development and content of legal behaviour. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article is based methodologically on the post-classical anthropological paradigm which allows consideration of legal behaviour through a prism of subjective perception by the person. The studying of fundamental bases of legal behaviour is impossible without identification of their valuable basis. Results. It is proved that the commission by the person of certain actions in the legal sphere depends on the individual and the social system of legal values, the individual and society (social group) relation to them, legal status of the personality and the social role which is carried out by it. The classification of legal behaviour on the basis of an axiological approach assumes an allocation of the person which is active, ordinary and passive depending on degree of readiness to carry out the legal actions, being guided by the valuable orientations and installations determined by legal socialisation and the system of legal values of group with which the subject identifies themselves. At the same time, it is insignificant how these actions meet the standards of positive law. However, the legal behaviour often has situational character. In this case its contents are defined by the system of so-called individual person law. The behaviour of the person is the result of operation of the special mechanism consisting of consistently realised elements that connected among themselves not only cognitively but also functionally including legal requirement, legal interest, legal motive, legal orientation, legal installation, legal decision, and legal act. These elements consistently replace each other, providing an interrelation of legal behaviour with legal awareness. The role of the state in formation of the person’s legal behaviour, though is very considerable, but it is not defining. In the process of legal socialisation the cognitive elements of the mechanism of legal behavior determined by legal tradition in combination with social and individual legal experience are formed. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of legal behaviour is aimed at expanding the value ideas of legal reality. This will allow a deeper look at legal development on a global scale.

scholarly journals Prerequisites for self-determination and the sovereignty of Tuva (Russia) in 1921

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3C) ◽  
pp. 272-277
Author(s):  
Andrey Ivanovich Baksheev ◽  
Pavel Alexandrovich Novikov ◽  
Alla Lospanovna Mongush ◽  
Saida Vladimirovna Saaya ◽  
Julia Sergeevna Shepeleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
General Context ◽  
Declaration Of Independence ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Soviet Russia

The article analyzes the prerequisites of self-determination and sovereignty of Tuva in 1921. Briefly, the general context of events is revealed, the main episodes and key personalities are listed. Using historical-genetic, comparative-historical and problem-chronological methods, the positions of Mongolia and Soviet Russia and their relationship on the status of Tuva, the organization and convocation of the All-Tuva Constituent Khural, which proclaimed the independence of Tuva, as well as the consequences of the declaration of independence of Tuva, were reconstructed. The role of the authorized representative of the Sibrevkom in Uryanhai I.G. Safyanov in this process is shown. In conclusion, the authors conclude that the emergence of a sovereign Tuva state was made possible both due to the contradictory political situation in Asia and due to the role of I.G. Safyanov in history. Since 1921, Tuva began to live and develop in the political and economic conditions created by the Constituent Khural.

scholarly journals Strategy for Mitigating Landslide Disaster Risk through Improving the Status of Disaster Resilient Villages (DESTANA) Case Study in Kemuning Village, Ngargoyoso District, Karanganyar Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pipit Wijayanti ◽  
Rita Noviani ◽  
Anton Sabarno ◽  
Fajar Dwi Prasetya ◽  
Hafidz Habibulloh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Management Quality ◽  
Service Outcomes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Implementation Time ◽  
Document Review ◽  
The Village

<p><em>Kemuning Village is one of the areas with the highest potential for landslides in Ngargoyoso District, Karanganyar Regency. This service activity aims to help institutional strengthening of the Tangguh Disaster Village (Destana) in disaster planning at the village level in the context of increasing preparedness and disaster management of landslides.</em><em> </em><em>The activity was carried out in Kemuning Village with an implementation time of 1 month</em> The research method through open interviews, field observations, document review, and then analyzed descriptively qualitatively<em>. The results of the disaster resilience assessment indicate that Kemuning Village is included in the category of Main Disaster Resilient Village. Based on the assessment analysis presents indicators of disaster management systems, disaster risk management, quality and basic access in the village is still lacking so it needs to be improved. The target of service outcomes obtained from this activity is to optimize the role of disaster resilient villages to reduce the risk of landslide disasters.</em></p>

The Myth of Judicial Independence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike McConville ◽  
Luke Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Material Point ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Democratic Polity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This book on the criminal justice system is uniquely positioned to examine judicial claims to independence, the politics of the judiciary, the rule of law, and the role of the executive in the context of a democratic polity. The authors have mined the British government’s archival vaults to assemble records including official (previously classified) Home Office files and present a ground-breaking narrative. By tracking the relationship between senior judges and the Home Office from the end of the nineteenth century to the modern day, revelations concerning the politics of the judiciary and the separation of powers are unearthed. The book argues that the claims of the senior judiciary to be independent of the executive are invalidated by historical records and the theory and practice of the separation of powers (the ‘Westminster Model’) deeply flawed. Rather, at every material point, civil servants compromised the role of the senior judiciary’s decision-making. Moreover, with the passive endorsement of senior judges, the executive repeatedly misled Parliament as to the authorship and provenance of fundamental rules governing the relationship of the individual to the state in relation to police powers of arrest, detention, and questioning. The book also explores the past and continuing impact of all this to former colonial territories and traces the close liaison between key members of the senior judiciary and the state in reconfiguring the modern criminal process in a way which weakens defence lawyers, pressurizes defendants into pleading guilty, and undermines cardinal adversarial protections.

scholarly journals The role of gardens in the 19th century asylums for the mentally and neurotically ill. The theory and practice by the example of the Prussian asylums in the former Province of Posen

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00007
Author(s):  
Daria Bręczewska-Kulesza
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Health States ◽  
Urban Configurations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The 19Th Century

Although mental illnesses have existed ever since the dawn of time, the development of psychiatry is dated to have begun from the end 18th century. At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, mentally ill people began to be placed at mental facilities not only to be exercised care of, but also to have their health states improved. The movement of reformation expanded across entire Europe. The Kingdom of Prussia was no exception when it came to establishing asylums. Wanting to create the best environmental conditions for the mentally ill possible, all of the complexes of the asylums were designed so that they served therapeutic purposes. One of the vital elements in this regard was the hospital gardens. The said gardens comprised of partially open, decorative green squares, outlined by the fences of the gardens assigned to the individual wards meant for the mentally ill and the utility gardens, where therapy through labor could be exercised. In conformity with the prototypes described above, in the former Province of Posen four asylums were built. The article analyzes the development of gardens within the urban configurations of select hospitals, comparing them to the leading gardens and theoretical configurations described in the specialist literature.

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