scholarly journals Victimological Characteristics and Prevention of Crimes Committed by Women (Regional Aspect)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-713
Author(s):  
Anna Repetskaya ◽  
Tatyana Kononykhina
Keyword(s):  
Transbaikal Region ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Organizational Information ◽  
Second Victim ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
To Come

The authors discuss the victimization characteristics of crimes committed by women in Irkutsk and Transbaikal Regions, the characteristics of the personality of the victim of these infringements, the behavioral patterns of the criminal and the victim in the process of victimization, their relationships and social connections. The research, based on the statistical analysis and study of 250 criminal cases, allowed the authors to come to a number of conclusions, including the following ones. Victimization trends in the regions under consideration are unfavorable, the victimization level is growing, and the growth rate is higher in Irkutsk Region than in Transbaikal Region. The structure of regional victimization is dominated by crimes against property, while other types in this structure are crimes against life and health, family and minors, as well as against health of the population and public morals. Characteristic features of victims of regional female crimes are age victimity, as every second victim in Transbaikal Region and every third in Irkutsk Region has it, and a considerable victimogenic personality deformation of most middle-aged victims. Such victims show guilty (unlawful, amoral or light-minded) behavior, which is the manifestation of their personal victimity. Using the obtained results, the authors worked out a system of victimological prevention measures aimed at stopping and neutralizing the identified victimogenic factors. They suggest legal, organizational, information, educational measures, as well as measures of rehabilitation and procedural nature. Taking into account the regional specifics of victimization, the personality of crime victims, their victim-like behavior can make the practice of victimological prevention more effective.

India’s police will face calls for more reform

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Central Bureau ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Chief Minister ◽  
To Come ◽  
Police System

Subject India's efforts to modernise its police. Significance India is seeking to overhaul its police system. High-profile blunders and extra-judicial killings are raising fresh concerns about police quality and conduct. Impacts The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), which covers special criminal cases, will face similar calls for reform. India’s prisons are likely to come under greater scrutiny over alleged human rights violations. Uttar Pradesh (UP) Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath may emerge as Modi’s heir-apparent, based on an anti-crime reputation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Distribution and Basic Directions of Prevention of Tobacco Smoking in Schoolchildren aged 11-17 (Regional Aspect)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-354
Author(s):  
H. O. Latina ◽  
◽  
H. L. Zaikina
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Intersectoral Cooperation ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Life Path

The relevance of the study is determined by the development of preventive measures regarding bad habits in the younger generation, based on estimates of the prevalence of smoking depending on the region of Ukraine. The purpose of research was to assess the prevalence of smoking and to develop areas of prevention among adolescents 11-17 years old. Material and methods. Estimation of the prevalence of smoking among students in secondary schools in Sumy was carried out as a part of the regular Global Survey of adolescents in accordance with the WHO global tobacco control system. The study involved 1557 adolescents 11-17 years old (grades 5-11) in 2018. Results and discussion. As a result of the survey, the absence of significant differences in the specific weight of the answers of those wishing to try smoking (54.08%) and those who do not aspire to such an attempt (45.92%) was found. The age of the first attempt to smoke is 12-13 years (26.87%). A lack of smoking habits was found in 69.68% of respondents as opposed to 8.6%. The “dangerous” smoking spots for teens are the house, the house of friends, parties and the street. Unfortunately, modern teens begin to smoke other forms of tobacco besides cigarettes (11.62%); have a high awareness of electronic cigarettes (90.42%). The prevalence of tobacco smoking is 17.36%, which is 9.34% less than the prevalence rate in 2013, which indicates a downward trend in smoking among adolescents 11-17 years old. In addition to preventive measures to combat the spread of smoking, scientists are also working on programs to get rid of this bad habit and, according to S. Kalkhoran et al. should be used, along with behavioral support, pharmacological therapy to get rid of the bad habit. The following measures should be actively used: Quit-line - targeted programs for smokers; development of preventive measures based on the assessment of the causes of smoking; intersectoral cooperation in the creation and implementation of educational programs on tobacco prevention (doctors, teachers, psychologists, social educators); change the form of providing information on nicotine addiction, the dangers of smoking, the need to quit the habit, steps to overcome addiction; additionally introduce measures on the motivational and value attitudes of modern humanity (negative perception of the smoker by society, a healthy able-bodied person - the path to success and prosperity, etc.); develop preventive measures to prevent smoking of other forms of tobacco; to strengthen the psychological support of prevention measures in the direction of finding the personality of the adolescent, the uniqueness of the choice of future life path, professions, hobbies; to introduce training in economics "Planning your own budget". Conclusion. The development of preventive measures in the fight against smoking, today, should include a transfer of hygienic, psychological, pedagogical, medical measures to search for new methods of reporting information about the dangers of smoking, gaining experience in non-smoking and getting rid of bad habits

TECHNIQUES OF CONDUCTING INTERROGATION DURING POLICE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2101-2107
Author(s):  
Kire Babanoski ◽  
Ice Ilijevski
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Great Level ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Police Interrogation ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come

Modern interrogation is a study in human nature with great level of psychological manipulation which is used by police officer. The main characteristic of a police interrogation is that the suspect is under strong psychological pressure from the interrogator in order to speak the truth and to give the confession. The main purpose of a police Interrogation is to obtain a confession and to come to the objective truth, or other critical information about the crime, from an interviewed suspect, who is subject of interrogation. Interrogation (also called questioning or interpellation) is interviewing as commonly employed by officers of the police or other law enforcement agencies with the goal of extracting a confession or incriminating statements. Subjects of interrogation are often suspects involved in crimes. Information from victims and witnesses is usually obtained through interviews. Interrogation may involve a diverse array of techniques, ranging from developing a rapport with the subject to outright torture.The main object of this paper is police interrogation, which is theoretically and descriptively analyzed through its various methods and techniques that are part of the process of extracting the truth and getting a confession from the suspects. For that aim, particular attention is paid to criminal operational aspects of contemporary Reid technique, and also presented examples of its application in the police interrogation. The Reid technique is a method of questioning subjects and assessing their credibility. The technique consists of a non-accusatory interview combining both investigative and behavior-provoking questions. If the investigative information indicates that the subject committed the crime in question, the Reid Nine Steps of Interrogation are utilized to persuade the subject to tell the truth about what they did. The Reid technique is a trademarked interrogation technique widely used by law enforcement agencies in North America. The technique (which requires interrogators to watch the body language of suspects to detect deceit) has been criticized for being difficult to apply across cultures and eliciting false confessions from innocent people.The purpose of this paper is through scientific explanation to raise the importance and quality of police interrogation as one of the methods for getting to the truth, especially in criminal cases where there is a lack of other evidence.

Children of the Revolution: Looking Towards a Future of Altruistic and Prosocial Media

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Clark
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adult World ◽  
To Come

The first generation of social media natives, those who grew up with smartphones and social media, are now coming of age. It may not be incidental that questions probing the broader, weightier, possibly detrimental implications of social media, are beginning to be asked—not just by academics, not just by the public at large, but even by the architects of the phenomenon themselves. New mediums—TV, radio, the Internet—have generally taken approximately a decade from wide-spread availability to mass adoption for the full breadth of their influence, for better or for worse, to come to fruition. We are now at that juncture with social media. This research intends to examine this phenomenon and the disruptions currently taking place, how social media natives fit into this narrative, and what a path towards a more prosocial media might look like. Keeping in mind social media was originally intended to simply digitize social connections, communities and communications, not incite policy change, sway elections, or topple regimes, this research will examine the potential of a technology designed for the former to facilitate the latter, as well as social capital and bonding. Ultimately, this research aims to frame the entry of social media natives into the adult world as part of a paradigm shift and envision how social media with a more intentional, built-in functionality to facilitate altruistic and prosocial actions, in a more tangible fashion, as well as mitigating its capacity to foment malice, might operate.

ASSESSMENT OF THE SYSTEM BALANCE OF THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF GAS DISTRIBUTION ORGANIZATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
S. V. ANISIMOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Nomic Development ◽  
Characteristic Features

As socio-economic relations evolve in the domestic market, the development and complication of the management mechanism in gas distribution organizations takes place. A certain disproportion between the real and financial segments of the economy, in the levels of income of the population and in the socio-eco-nomic development of regions remains the characteristic features of domestic economic development. The multidimensional and multilevel imbalance of the Russian economy, including in the regional aspect, contin-ues to influence the internal management mechanisms of gas distribution organizations as resource supplying organizations, in the overwhelming majority, which are subjects of natural monopolies and are gasification operators in the regions. The article deals with the problems of optimization of the system structure of intra-organizational subsystems based on the identification of disparities on the example of gas distribution organ-izations. Proposals for improving the management mechanism of gas distribution organizations based on the criterion of balancing the system structure are presented.

scholarly journals The Use of Special Knowledge in the Investigation of Computer Crimes

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 882-890
Author(s):  
Eduard Lantukh ◽  
Vladimir Ishigeev ◽  
Oleg Gribunov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Computer Crimes ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
Computer Forensic

The authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to involve specia­lists in computer equipment in the process of investigation because the investigation and detection of computer crimes requires the analysis of computer information and its carriers. The characteristic features of examined objects determine, first of all, special rules for obtaining and registering them, as well as taking into consideration research methodology when ordering and conducting computer forensic examinations. Confiscation, examination, recording of computer information of evidential significance requires specialist knowledge. In this connection, it is necessary to involve specialists and (or) experts in the process of investigation, detection and prevention of computer crimes. The latent character of computer crimes, a wide use of remote assess, the absence of visual perception of virtual objects and other factors hinder the collection of computer information. Thus, ordering and conducting different types of computer forensic examination play a special role in the investigation, detection and prevention of crimes. A modern and high-quality examination conducted by specialists with expert knowledge in the sphere of hi tech during the investigation of computer technology-related criminal cases offers considerable support to the law enforcement bodies in combating not only these crimes, but also a whole range of crimes where information technology acts as a partial platform for criminal activities. When law enforcement bodies thus influence one of the components of regional and international criminal activities, they raise the level of both physical and information security of citizens. The authors also stress that the more actively information technologies enter the life of a society, the more vulnerable this society is to the criminals who use these technologies for their own purposes.

scholarly journals THE ISSUE ON DETERMINATION OF TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PEOPLE, COMMITTING CRIMINAL OFFENSES RELATED TO THE FORGERY OF EXCISABLE GOODS, AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-327
Author(s):  
Ayupova Zauresh ◽  
Begaliyev Yernar ◽  
Uspanov Zholdybay
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Product Recommendations ◽  
Characteristic Features

In the article «The issue on determination of typological features of people, committing criminal offenses related to the forgery of excisable goods, as an element of the criminalistic characteristics» prepared by doctoral student Ayupova Z.N.; Professor of the Department of Special Legal Disciplines, Doctor of juridical Science Begaliev E.N; Dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Law, candidate of juridical Sciences, Professor UspanovZh.T. The main purpose of this article is to identify the most characteristic features of an intruder's personality and to formulate recommendations aimed at improving the process of investigating criminal offenses related to falsification of excise goods. The article deals with the issue of theoretical interpretation of the concept of "criminalistic characterization of crimes" and "typology of personality" as its element. The analysis of the reference paper is given regarding the study of the typology of persons committing criminal offenses; as well as the problems that arise in determining the subject of the crime and the ways to solve them. The types of persons committing criminal offenses connected with forgery of excisable products as exogenous and endogenous types of intruders are investigated; classified by the object of encroachment, the nature of criminal acts, the degree of public danger. The concepts of socially-adoptive, socially-disadaptive type of personality of persons who commit this category of a criminal offense are disclosed. The structure of the personality of the intruder who deals in the falsification of excisable goods has been compiled and examined through socio-demographic, criminally-legal, socially significant physiological features and moral properties. The analysis of methods for establishing a suspect person is given, the main types of malefactors and their functions are identified in the production of a surrogate excise product. Recommendations for persons conducting investigations into criminal cases related to forgery of excise goods are developed.

scholarly journals Hashtag as modern text format in linguistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Burikova ◽  
Ekaterina Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Text Format ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
To Come

Nowadays modern Internet technologies play an important role in our life. The present article deals with the peculiarities of hashtags as new text format used in social network. The article presents characteristic features of hashtag text, classification of hashtag functions, types of hashtags according to their construction and the position of hashtags in the post. Different types of hashtags were subjected to the analysis. Continuous sampling method, descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis allowed the authors to come to the conclusion about hashtags as linguistic tools. As a result, five hashtag functions and six hashtag types were identified. These findings would help to understand modern online discourse and to prove the idea that hashtags are considered as meaningful elements of social network communication.

Unpunishability of Active Bribery under Art. 306 of the Criminal Code

De Jure ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Salkova ◽  
◽  
Yanko Roychev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article analyses the prerequisites for elimination of the punishability of active bribery under Art. 306 of the Criminal Code: the perpetrator to have been extorted by an official, an arbitrator or an expert to offer, promise or give a bribe, and the perpetrator to have notified the authorities immediately and voluntarily. The historical development of the provision and its essence, aims and characteristic features have been studied. The statement has been supported that the current version of the rule requiring cumulative presence of all prerequisites, corresponds to the fullest extent to its purpose, to state interests in the field of criminal repression, and to practical procedural activity in bribery criminal cases.

Language independent recommender agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Yucel ◽  
Sandip Sen
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
User Group ◽  
Regression Algorithms ◽  
To Come ◽  
Multiple Languages ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
The Web

AbstractThis paper presents a new ‘Language Independent Recommender Agent’ (LIRA), using information distributed over any text-source pair on the Web about candidate items. While existing review-based recommendation systems learn the features of candidate items and users’ preferences, they do not handle varying perspectives of users on those features. LIRA constructs agents for each user, which run regression algorithms on texts from different sources and builds trust relations. The key advantages of LIRA can be listed as: LIRA does not require reviews from target users, LIRA calculates trust values based on prediction accuracy instead of social connections or rating similarity, LIRA does not require the reviews to come from the same community or peer user group. Since ratings of the reviewers are not necessary for LIRA, we can collect and use reviews from different sources (web pages, professional critiques), as long as we know the corresponding item and source of that text. Since LIRA does not combine text from different sources, texts from different sources are not required to be in the same language. LIRA can utilize text from multiple languages, as long as sources are consistent with their language usage.

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