scholarly journals Psychological and Cultural Analysis of Attitude to Entrepreneurship in Russia and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
Tatiana Terekhova ◽  
Elena Trofimova ◽  
Natalia Terekhova
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Positive Side

The article considers the attitude to entrepreneurial activity and entrepreneurs as a social group in society, which is one of the factors of formation of economic self-determination of entrepreneurs at the present time, from the position of interdisciplinary approach in the context of historical, cultural, psychological analyses. The values of Chinese and Russian business culture were influenced by traditional religious attitudes in these countries. Theoretical analysis showed that in Chinese culture the attitude to entrepreneurship was more stable and positive, the basis of entrepreneurship is rationality, pragmatism, compliance with social hierarchy. Incoherent images are rather inherent for the Russian culture; thus, the stereotype of the entrepreneur was endowed with negative qualities, both in pre-revolutionary times, and in the Soviet period, changes towards positive side emerged only in the 2000s. The article summarizes the empirical data on the prevailing value judgments regarding such economic categories as wealth, poverty, money, as well as the formed stereotypical images of the entrepreneur. According to Russian respondents, a positive and rational attitude to money dominates, but along with positive associations, the negative ones are vividly expressed, such as: dependence, cynicism, conflict, hopelessness, retrenchment, need, quarrels, crisis, etc. From the Chinese respondents’ point of view, money and wealth are values, on which status and credibility depend, and are associated with nobility and humanity. According to Russian and Chinese respondents, the stereotype of the mo­dern entrepreneur is characterized by the following qualities: respectful for people, communicative, cooperative, critical thinking, selective, rather independent, serious, intelligent.

The Theoretical Underpinnings of Commercial Law: A Russian View of Bankruptcy and Securities

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 183-184
Author(s):  
◽  
A.Iu. Bushev ◽  
O.Iu. Skvortsov
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Bankruptcy Law ◽  
Neutral System ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Electronic Form ◽  
Russian Law

AbstractPart One. The history of bankruptcy in Russian law both before and after the 1917 Revolution is the tool used to introduce the reader to this article. During the Soviet period, creditors of enterprises never participated in proceedings for their liquidation. This state of affairs began to change in 1992 with the adoption of the first bankruptcy legislation in the post-Soviet period.However, as reality soon showed to most observers, this was not a successful piece of legislation—at least as regards the needs of liberalized trade and commerce. This prompted the Russian legislator to promulgate new bankruptcy legislation in 1998; in turn, its life span was but a short four years. The reader here will be offered critical comments on the most recent RF Bankruptcy Law dating from 2002 and thoughts on how its provisions compare with those from prior versions of RF laws on insolvency. This will include views on bankruptcy practice in Russian courts the case load of which is growing each year.Part of the growth in application of bankruptcy legislation in Russia is a function of its use by entrepreneurs as a tool to divide up business assets. This has led to the phenomenon of fictitious bankruptcies. Another major problem in the application of bankruptcy legislation in recent years in Russia has been—the authors argue—a failure to take into account the interests of minority shareholders in corporate bankruptcies as well as of those corporate creditors who obligations are secured by collateral.Part Two. Transactions that are declared invalid during bankruptcy proceedings are the subject of this section. This analysis will be made using the approach of classic, continental law to the grounds for declaring a transaction to be invalid. The authors then highlight the logic in applying this institution to the area of bankruptcy. In doing so, the specific features are revealed of voiding transaction in bankruptcy proceedings.In particular, the authors draw the attention of the reader to the criteria under which a transaction concluded by an insolvent debtor is either void (nichtozhnaia) or voidable (osporimaia). They also underscore the necessity of striking a balance between the interests of creditors and those of an insolvent debtor. In this regard, the institute of the invalidity of transactions is examined from the point of view of providing a pro-creditor, pro-debtor, or neutral system in bankruptcy legislation.Part Three. The development of the generic institute of securities in Russia—as a form of debt instrument—is the focal point of this section. The influence of the Pandect system of Russian law on securities is illustrated as is that of politics (that has led to substantial changes in commerce and entrepreneurial activity) and doctrine. The authors argue the point that the characteristics of a security—both those seen on a paper document as well as those in an electronic form—can be united into a single, generic concept. The particularities of this concept are of an evidentiary nature.Each security is an evidentiary document that is distinguished (both in paper as well as electronic form) from other documents in the manner in which it can be contested and entered into evidence in judicial proceedings. The contestability of a security depends, in turn, upon the type of security involved and the rights that they confirm (a good, money, income).Arguments are given by the authors of this article in support of the thesis—not uniformly shared by all Russian scholars—that such means of legal defense as vindication is permissible vis-à-vis electronic securities. Yet the authors here also speak of a just (spravedlivyi) balance of the risks between the holder of a security that has lost the legal control (ownership) there over and a bona fide acquirer of such a security. Justice is reached through a determination in substantive law of procedural norms that apportion in a set fashion the burden of proof among interested persons.Lastly, this work also highlights the work of regulating the institute of securities in other CIS jurisdictions. In doing so, the authors point out a few areas in which Russia is lagging behind as concerns the organization of electronic trading in securities.

scholarly journals Features of the Social Communication and Etiquette in Chinese Culture: The Traditional Basics and Modernity

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-467
Author(s):  
Lyana A. Shogenova
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Chinese Business ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Eastern Cultures

The article discusses the basics of Chinese etiquette, which are included in the core of traditional culture and are an integral part of the system of business communications — guanxi (a system of interpersonal relations) and mianzi (a concept of “face”). Both of the concepts are the basics for understanding the features of the Chinese social communication culture, which includes both modern formal components and traditional informal ones. In our view, the Chinese business culture has managed to preserve all the values that have been inherent in Chinese society for millennia, despite the systemic, increasing pressure of globalization.In the period when the People’s Republic of China is on the path of openness to the outside world, business etiquette is getting increasingly important, mainly in international relations. The teacher-student model becomes relevant not only from the point of view of traditions reproduction, but also for finding the ways to harmonize with new learning models coming from European and Asian states. The author assumes that Western and Eastern cultures are opposite, and something normal for a resident of China, can be a serious violation of the rules of decency for a European. With the controlled preservation of traditions in China, educational technologies of teaching the norms of European business etiquette are widespread, which is considered as a way of integration into the world community.Taking into account the increasing influence of globalization processes and the wide spread of Western trends, the Chinese business culture continues to preserve all the values and traditions that it has had over the years, harmonizing them with modern business technologies.

scholarly journals Alexander Lobanov: The Reception of the Political in Soviet Outsider Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Suvorova
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Visual Narratives ◽  
Soviet Art ◽  
Total Influence ◽  
Visual Propaganda

The analysis of the oeuvre of the outsider artist Alexander Lobanov (1924–2003) reveals the mechanisms of influence of Soviet visual propaganda. This article examines the total influence of ideology and visual narratives on an artist even when they seem to have been completely excluded from artistic life (in Lobanov’s case, due to his deaf mutism). The author refers to Irving Goffman’s self-presentation theory, the works on political power and its influence by Boris Groys, and the works of psychologists on the peculiarities of compensatory activity in the deaf and mute. The work is relevant as it reflects the importance of outsider artists as part of the art process. The author mostly refers to works by Lobanov in non-Russian and Russian private and institutional collections, as well visual propaganda from the Soviet period. Works by Lobanov and other Soviet outsider artists have not been studied from the perspective chosen by the article’s author. The artist’s oeuvre is examined by Élisabeth Anstett from the discourse point of view, connected with visual images from Soviet propaganda. The author of the article singles out the peculiarities of the appropriation by the outsider artist of the ideological visual narrative, the circle of borrowed images (militarism, hero, Stalin – “the father of nations”), and certain approaches (recurrence, ornamentality, and the presence of text). As a result of an artistic and formalist analysis, the author reveals specific borrowings of approaches and stylistics from the Soviet art (poster, illustration, and easel painting) of the 1930s to the mid‑1950s. Additionally, an important aspect of the study is that the author reveals the peculiar intellectualisation of compensatory mechanisms in the construction of social representation addressing the dominant images of visual Soviet propaganda. The interdisciplinary approach of the research, with certain exceptions, could be used to analyse the creative work of other Soviet outsider artists.

scholarly journals Hygienic assessment in the theory and practice of upbringing

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-277
Author(s):  
Tatiana Romm ◽  
◽  
Natalia Shisharina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Development Network

For the younger generation, socialization in the digital space poses increasing potential and real risks. Simultaneously, the transformation of educational process with a forced increase of distance learning formats, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the issue of interaction between teachers and students in addressing upbringing tasks. This is confirmed by current international and Russian studies. Discussion of the quality of the educational environment from the point of view of its safety inevitably encourages the search for assessment tools. This article provides a theoretical and methodological justification for effective assessment of upbringing hygienic and its implementation in the current context, based on theoretical and empirical studies. The study took an interdisciplinary approach, treating the safety of upbringing as a complex multifactorial phenomenon based on the integration of natural science and socio-humanitarian knowledge. It used a cross-cultural analysis of empirical data from Russian and foreign studies in the development of formats, strategies, and features of hygienic assessment in education taking into account its cultural variability. Network theory was used to assess the importance of the role of relationships in determining teachers’ readiness resources to carry out a hygienic assessment of upbringing safety activities in digital and network contexts. The core of the educational context of safety is defined as the process of providing means and measures aimed at productive self-realization of children in various life situations based on the assessment of real and potential threats arising in the process of socialization. The principles of safety (socio-biological balance, well-being, integration, cognition), the content and indicators of the hygienic assessment of this process (physiological, social, personal, psychological) are highlighted. The article describes the development network of the teacher's readiness to assess upbringing safety based on non-hierarchical value-resource interaction in upbringing activities, assessment of its safety and hygienic potential. The results obtained will contribute to expansion and improvement of theoretical ideas about hygienic expertise in pedagogical processes, disclosure, and clarification of the concept of ‘hygienic assessment in upbringing’, enrich theoretical ideas and effective practices of upbringing in distance education formats.

Russian Parliamentarism Party Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 245-255
Author(s):  
Rostislav F. Turovsky
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article is devoted to the study of the party model of Russian parliamentarism in post-soviet period. The focus is on the issues of party representation and its correlation with the distribution of the managerial positions and introduction of collective legislation at State Duma. These issues are examined from the point of view of reaching cross-party consensus and implementation of fair parliament party representation principle. According to the author Russian parliamentarism model aims at reaching full-fledged party consensus that corresponds better to the principles of popular representation than strict parliament polarization along the line of “authority-opposition”. Understanding of those issues by the majority of the players was noted from the very start of the State Duma activities, in spite of the acute conflicts in the 1990-ies.The author draws the conclusion that the equation of party representation continues to grow at the level of managerial positions in the parliament that allows to improve cooperation of the parties and to reduce authority and opposition conflicts. Thereby the Russian parliamentarism model makes an important contribution to the stabilization of socio-political situation of the country.

РЕЛИГИЯ И НАУКА: КОНФЛИКТ ИЛИ ДИАЛОГ? (ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МИРОВОЗЗРЕНЧЕСКИХ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ ПРОТИВОРЕЧИЙ В РОССИЙСКОМ ОБЩЕСТВЕ)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
G. E. Bokov
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Official Position ◽  
The Face

The article is devoted to the study of the worldviews and social contradictions in Russian society on the example of two different positions on the relationship between religion and science. According to one of these positions these relationships are defined as conflict. The second, opposing point of view says there never was and there cannot be any conflict between religion and science. In the publication such points are called “the paradigm of conflict” and “the paradigm of dialogue”. It shows, the first “paradigm” in the Soviet period of Russian history was determined by ideologization of science and was an important part of anti-religious propaganda. On the contrary, “the paradigm of dialogue” has always been represented primarily by religious thinkers. Today it is the official position of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate. The official Church document “The Basis of the Social Concept” says religion and science are designed to complement each other, especially in solving ethical problems that inevitably arise in the face of modern science. However, secular scientists often see in such statements the Church’s claims to active participation in the public life, including the educational process. Representatives of the academic community often speak out against the introduction of the theological educational programs and the theological departments in secular Universities of the Russian Federation. Thus, in contemporary Russian society some continue to believe that there is a conflict between religion and science, while others insist on the need for dialogue.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Ability to Accurately Produce Angular Details by 3D Printing of Plastic Parts

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Andrei Marius Mihalache ◽  
Gheorghe Nagîț ◽  
Laurențiu Slătineanu ◽  
Adelina Hrițuc ◽  
Angelos Markopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vertex Angle ◽  
Function Type ◽  
Constant Height ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
Plastic Parts

3D printing is a process that has become widely used in recent years, allowing the production of parts with relatively complicated shapes from metallic and non-metallic materials. In some cases, it is challenging to evaluate the ability of 3D printers to make fine details of parts. For such an assessment, the printing of samples showing intersections of surfaces with low angle values was considered. An experimental plan was designed and materialized to highlight the influence of different factors, such as the thickness of the deposited material layer, the printing speed, the cooling and filling conditions of the 3D-printed part, and the thickness of the sample. Samples using areas in the form of isosceles triangles with constant height or bases with the same length, respectively, were used. The mathematical processing of the experimental results allowed the determination of empirical mathematical models of the power-function type. It allowed the detection of both the direction of actions and the intensity of the influence exerted by the input factors. It is concluded that the strongest influence on the printer’s ability to produce fine detail, from the point of view addressed in the paper, is exerted by the vertex angle, whose reduction leads to a decrease in printing accuracy.

Determination of a Rubber-Like Material Model as an Inverse Problem

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Derewonko ◽  
Andrzej Kiczko
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Air Cushion ◽  
Ill Conditioning ◽  
Stress States

The purpose of this paper is to describe the selection process of a rubber-like material model useful for simulation behaviour of an inflatable air cushion under multi-axial stress states. The air cushion is a part of a single segment of a pontoon bridge. The air cushion is constructed of a polyester fabric reinforced membrane such as Hypalon®. From a numerical point of view such a composite type poses a challenge since numerical ill-conditioning can occur due to stiffness differences between rubber and fabric. Due to the analysis of the large deformation dynamic response of the structure, the LS-Dyna code is used. Since LS-Dyna contains more than two-hundred constitutive models the inverse method is used to determine parameters characterizing the material on the base of results of the experimental test.

Resistance to Outflow of Cerebrospinal Fluid Determined by Bolus Injection Technique and Constant Rate Steady State Infusion in Humans

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kosteljanetz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Infusion Technique

Abstract Two methods for the determination of resistance to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid, the bolus injection technique and the constant rate steady state infusion technique, were compared. Thirty-two patients with a variety of intracranial diseases (usually communicating hydrocephalus) were studied. There was a high degree of correlation between the resistance values obtained with the two methods, but values based on the bolus injection technique were systematically and statistically significantly lower than those obtained with the constant rate infusion test. From a practical point of view. both methods were found to be applicable in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Insight into Glutamatergic Involvement in Rewarding Effects of Mephedrone in Rats: In Vivo and Ex Vivo Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Wronikowska ◽  
Maria Zykubek ◽  
Agnieszka Michalak ◽  
Anna Pankowska ◽  
Paulina Kozioł ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Nmda Antagonist ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Monoamine Transporters ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractMephedrone is a widely used drug of abuse, exerting its effects by interacting with monoamine transporters. Although this mechanism has been widely studied heretofore, little is known about the involvement of glutamatergic transmission in mephedrone effects. In this study, we comprehensively evaluated glutamatergic involvement in rewarding effects of mephedrone using an interdisciplinary approach including (1) behavioural study on effects of memantine (non-selective NMDA antagonist) on expression of mephedrone-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats; (2) evaluation of glutamate concentrations in the hippocampus of rats following 6 days of mephedrone administration, using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS); and (3) determination of glutamate levels in the hippocampus of rats treated with mephedrone and subjected to MRS, using ion-exchange chromatography. In the presented research, we confirmed priorly reported mephedrone-induced rewarding effects in the CPP paradigm and showed that memantine (5 mg/kg) was able to reverse the expression of this effect. MRS study showed that subchronic mephedrone administration increased glutamate level in the hippocampus when measured in vivo 24 h (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) and 2 weeks (5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) after last injection. Ex vivo chromatographic analysis did not show significant changes in hippocampal glutamate concentrations; however, it showed similar results as obtained in the MRS study proving its validity. Taken together, the presented study provides new insight into glutamatergic involvement in rewarding properties of mephedrone.

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