scholarly journals Journal Programs and Cross-Disciplinary Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Marianne A. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Collaboration Technology ◽  
The Public ◽  
Shift Control ◽  
Professional Practitioners ◽  
Metadata Harvesting ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Open Archives

In order for innovative cross-disciplinary research to find its audience, it must be easily discovered by scholars, professional practitioners, and the public. Journal publishing programs in libraries operate under the principle that investment in open access publishing of quality peer-reviewed research is the best way to make that research visible to a global audience and to shift control of publishing from commercial entities to the academy. Library publishers are therefore not constrained, as commercial publishers are, by the need to publish only research that will ensure a profit. This means that library publishing programs can provide a home for cross-disciplinary journals that break new ground and that may take time to find an audience. The lack of a profit imperative for library publishing programs also means that the platform for hosting journals is provided to journals at little or no cost, which makes library publishing very attractive to editors looking for a place to publish a new journal. Once the infrastructure is operational, the cost to add a new journal to the system is negligible because the costs of maintaining the technology are already covered. This lowers the financial barriers to starting new journals, allowing editors to focus on the task of finding and publishing excellent peer-reviewed research instead of fundraising. Journal platforms used by library publishers are designed so that journals published on those systems automatically follow best practices and standards, such as those outlined by the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-MPH) that make the content readily discoverable by internet search engines. These platforms also integrate the use of machine-readable licenses that clearly indicate how the content can be used. In addition to infrastructure that ensures visibility, library publishing programs benefit from existing library expertise in collaboration, technology, copyright, data management, scholarly publishing, information literacy, digital preservation, and the effective promotion of online research.

A comparison of the cost of research in South Africa's public research and higher education institutions

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Walwyn
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Annual Salary ◽  
Research Sector ◽  
Salary Survey ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Comparative Information

Despite the importance of labour and overhead costs to both funders and performers of research in South Africa, there is little published information on the remuneration structures for researchers, technician and research support staff. Moreover, there are widely different pricing practices and perceptions within the public research and higher education institutions, which in some cases do not reflect the underlying costs to the institution or the inherent value of the research. In this article, data from the 2004/5 Research and Development Survey have been used to generate comparative information on the cost of research in various performance sectors. It is shown that this cost is lowest in the higher education institutions, and highest in the business sector, although the differences in direct labour and overheads are not as large as may have been expected. The calculated cost of research is then compared with the gazetted rates for engineers, scientists and auditors performing work on behalf of the public sector, which in all cases are higher than the research sector. This analysis emphasizes the need within the public research and higher education institutions for the development of a common pricing policy and for an annual salary survey, in order to dispel some of the myths around the relative costs of research, the relative levels of overhead ratios and the apparent disparity in remuneration levels.

The Internet Trap

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hindman
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Net Neutrality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Attention Economy ◽  
Digital News ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Over Time

The Internet was supposed to fragment audiences and make media monopolies impossible. Instead, behemoths like Google and Facebook now dominate the time we spend online—and grab all the profits from the attention economy. This book explains how this happened. It sheds light on the stunning rise of the digital giants and the online struggles of nearly everyone else—and reveals what small players can do to survive in a game that is rigged against them. The book shows how seemingly tiny advantages in attracting users can snowball over time. The Internet has not reduced the cost of reaching audiences—it has merely shifted who pays and how. Challenging some of the most enduring myths of digital life, the book explains why the Internet is not the postindustrial technology that has been sold to the public, how it has become mathematically impossible for grad students in a garage to beat Google, and why net neutrality alone is no guarantee of an open Internet. It also explains why the challenges for local digital news outlets and other small players are worse than they appear and demonstrates what it really takes to grow a digital audience and stay alive in today's online economy. The book shows why, even on the Internet, there is still no such thing as a free audience.

Strategy for Protecting the North Sea: A Chemical Industry Perspective

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
J. R. Lawrence ◽  
N. C. D. Craig
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Important Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Seven Principles ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Cost

The public has ever-rising expectations for the environmental quality of the North Sea and hence of everreducing anthropogenic inputs; by implication society must be willing to accept the cost of reduced contamination. The chemical industry accepts that it has an important part to play in meeting these expectations, but it is essential that proper scientific consideration is given to the potential transfer of contamination from one medium to another before changes are made. A strategy for North Sea protection is put forward as a set of seven principles that must govern the management decisions that are made. Some areas of uncertainty are identified as important research targets. It is concluded that although there have been many improvements over the last two decades, there is more to be done. A systematic and less emotive approach is required to continue the improvement process.

scholarly journals Punishment Strategies across Societies: Conventional Wisdoms Reconsidered

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ramzi Suleiman ◽  
Yuval Samid
Keyword(s):  
Public Goods ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Public Goods Game ◽  
The Public ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
The World ◽  
Emergence Of Cooperation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost

Experiments using the public goods game have repeatedly shown that in cooperative social environments, punishment makes cooperation flourish, and withholding punishment makes cooperation collapse. In less cooperative social environments, where antisocial punishment has been detected, punishment was detrimental to cooperation. The success of punishment in enhancing cooperation was explained as deterrence of free riders by cooperative strong reciprocators, who were willing to pay the cost of punishing them, whereas in environments in which punishment diminished cooperation, antisocial punishment was explained as revenge by low cooperators against high cooperators suspected of punishing them in previous rounds. The present paper reconsiders the generality of both explanations. Using data from a public goods experiment with punishment, conducted by the authors on Israeli subjects (Study 1), and from a study published in Science using sixteen participant pools from cities around the world (Study 2), we found that: 1. The effect of punishment on the emergence of cooperation was mainly due to contributors increasing their cooperation, rather than from free riders being deterred. 2. Participants adhered to different contribution and punishment strategies. Some cooperated and did not punish (‘cooperators’); others cooperated and punished free riders (‘strong reciprocators’); a third subgroup punished upward and downward relative to their own contribution (‘norm-keepers’); and a small sub-group punished only cooperators (‘antisocial punishers’). 3. Clear societal differences emerged in the mix of the four participant types, with high-contributing pools characterized by higher ratios of ‘strong reciprocators’, and ‘cooperators’, and low-contributing pools characterized by a higher ratio of ‘norm keepers’. 4. The fraction of ‘strong reciprocators’ out of the total punishers emerged as a strong predictor of the groups’ level of cooperation and success in providing the public goods.

scholarly journals A New Breeding Strategy towards Introgression and Characterization of Stay-Green QTL for Drought Tolerance in Sorghum

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Nasrein Mohamed Kamal ◽  
Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi ◽  
Hanan Abdeltwab ◽  
Ishtiag Abdalla ◽  
Hisashi Tsujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
The Cost

Several marker-assisted selection (MAS) or backcrossing (MAB) approaches exist for polygenic trait improvement. However, the implementation of MAB remains a challenge in many breeding programs, especially in the public sector. In MAB introgression programs, which usually do not include phenotypic selection, undesired donor traits may unexpectedly turn up regardless of how expensive and theoretically powerful a backcross scheme may be. Therefore, combining genotyping and phenotyping during selection will improve understanding of QTL interactions with the environment, especially for minor alleles that maximize the phenotypic expression of the traits. Here, we describe the introgression of stay-green QTL (Stg1–Stg4) from B35 into two sorghum backgrounds through an MAB that combines genotypic and phenotypic (C-MAB) selection during early backcross cycles. The background selection step is excluded. Since it is necessary to decrease further the cost associated with molecular marker assays, the costs of C-MAB were estimated. Lines with stay-green trait and good performance were identified at an early backcross generation, backcross two (BC2). Developed BC2F4 lines were evaluated under irrigated and drought as well as three rainfed environments varied in drought timing and severity. Under drought conditions, the mean grain yield of the most C-MAB-introgression lines was consistently higher than that of the recurrent parents. This study is one of the real applications of the successful use of C-MAB for the development of drought-tolerant sorghum lines for drought-prone areas.

scholarly journals Electoral Incentives and the Allocation of Public Funds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Finan ◽  
Maurizio Mazzocco
Keyword(s):  
Electoral System ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Term Limit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Politicians allocate public resources in ways that maximize political gains, and potentially at the cost of lower welfare. In this paper, we quantify these welfare costs in the context of Brazil’s federal legislature, which grants its members a budget to fund public projects within their states. Using data from the state of Roraima, we estimate a model of politicians’ allocation decisions and find that 26.8% of the public funds allocated by legislators are distorted relative to a social planner’s allocation. We then use the model to simulate three potential policy reforms to the electoral system: the adoption of approval voting, imposing a one-term limit, and redistricting. We find that a one-term limit and redistricting are both effective at reducing distortions. The one-term limit policy, however, increases corruption, which makes it a welfare-reducing policy.

Health Care Cost Containment in Large American Cities

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Moore
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Cost ◽  
American Cities

This research provides information about the health care cost containment efforts of local governments and agencies across the United States, particularly in large American cities. Survey results indicate that while the public sector lags behind the private sector, public agencies are beginning to match the cost containment efforts of private employers. While initiation of these efforts represents considerable recent progress, their tangible benefits are not yet apparent.

ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE PUBLIC FOOD SYSTEM IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE SOVIET PERIOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Bunyod Nosirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food System ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Public Catering ◽  
The Cost

The article discusses the issues of the activity of the public catering system during the Soviet period, in particular, the policy and problems in this area affecting the issues of ensuring the material and technical base, as well as the need of the population itself in the field of public catering.During the years of Soviet rule, new directions in the public catering system were formed. A new approach was integrated in the management structure and in provision.A differentiated approach was introduced in the direction of public catering, i.e. reform in the issue of service, the cost of public catering. In other words, the cost price and service (in the public catering system) in large enterprises differed sharply from the prices in schools.

scholarly journals Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Pembuatan Gigi Tiruan oleh Tukang Gigi di Desa Treman Kecamatan Kauditan

e-GIGI ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayu Angraeni
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Dental Health Status

Kehilangan gigi dapat menimbulkan dampak emosional serta menyebabkan berkurangnya kemampuan untuk melakukan aktivitas pengunyahan dan berbicara. Melihat akibat yang ditimbulkan maka seharusnya gigi yang hilang diganti dengan gigi tiruan. Pada umumnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pembuatan gigi tiruan, masyarakat lebih memilih mengunjungi tukang gigi daripada pergi ke dokter gigi. Salah satu alasan yang memengaruhi seseorang memakai gigi tiruan yaitu persepsi terhadap status kesehatan gigi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan di desa Treman kecamatan Kauditan berlangsung selama bulan April-Oktober 2013. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan membagikan kuesioner pada sampel yang berjumlah 107 orang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persepsi masyarakat berdasarkan waktu memiliki skor tertinggi yaitu 398 termasuk kategori baik, persepsi masyarakat berdasarkan keterjangkauan memiliki skor sebanyak 395 termasuk kategori baik, persepsi masyarakat berdasarkan biaya jumlah skor yaitu 379 termasuk kategori baik, persepsi masyarakat berdasarkan kebutuhan memiliki skor sebanyak 366,6 termasuk kategori baik, dan persepsi masyarakat berdasarkan kompetensi memiliki skor terendah yaitu sebanyak 236,25 termasuk kategori cukup.Kata kunci : persepsi masyarakat, tukang gigi, pembuatan gigi tiruan ABSTRACTTooth loss can cause emotional effect and also reduce the ability to chew and speak. Based on these, missing teeth should be replaced with dentures. In general, to meet the needs of dentures, same people prefer visiting dental handyman rather than dentist. One of the reasons that affect a person to wear denture is the perception of dental health status. This research is a descriptive study. This study was conducted in Treman village, on april-oktober 2013. The sampling technique was done with purposive sampling by distributing questionnaires to the sample that consist of 107 people.The results of this research showed the public perception based on the time has the highest scores that is 398 including good categories, the public perception based on the affordability has 395 scores categorized as good, the public perception based on the cost has 379 scores including as good categories, the public perception based on the needs has 366,6 scores categorized as good, and the public perception based on the competence has the lowest scores as many as 236,25 including enough category. Keywords: public perception, dental handyman, manufacture denture

scholarly journals NanoSen-AQM: From Sensors to Users

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Pedro Lucas ◽  
Jorge Silva ◽  
Filipe Araujo ◽  
Catarina Silva ◽  
Paulo Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nano Sensors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Air Quality Data ◽  
Monitoring Platform

With the raising of environmental concerns regarding pollution, interest in monitoring air quality is increasing. However, air pollution data is mostly originated from a limited number of government-owned sensors, which can only capture a small fraction of reality. Improving air quality coverage in-volves reducing the cost of sensors and making data widely available to the public. To this end, the NanoSen-AQM project proposes the usage of low-cost nano-sensors as the basis for an air quality monitoring platform, capa-ble of collecting, aggregating, processing, storing, and displaying air quality data. Being an end-to-end system, the platform allows sensor owners to manage their sensors, as well as define calibration functions, that can im-prove data reliability. The public can visualize sensor data in a map, define specific clusters (groups of sensors) as favorites and set alerts in the event of bad air quality in certain sensors. The NanoSen-AQM platform provides easy access to air quality data, with the aim of improving public health.

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