scholarly journals Effects of sewage sludge on the parameters of the crop production and influence on some phytopathogenic soil fungi

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
I. Pisarek ◽  
E.B. Moliszewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Made In

Many types of organic wastes, including sewage sludge are used for supplementing the soil with the organic matter. The effects of this kind of fertilize are often compared to those of manure. We observed that there was no harmful impact on the winter wheat health if sewage sludge were added to the soil. In the laboratory tests we showed that water extract of sewage sludge as well as humic substances isolated from them were not sources of nutritive substances for tested fungi. Although some changes made in sewage sludge after freezing or autoclaving made them friendly for fungi. Pseudocercosporella isolates were more sensitive for tested substances than Fusarium culmorum. We observed an inhibition of fungal growth but it was mostly due to bacteria.

scholarly journals Alternatives of sewage sludge use in the crop production

2012 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Brigitta Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
By Products

The produced plants reduce the greenhouse effect because they fix CO2 that contributes to the causing of the greenhouse effect with about 50%. The production of fertilizers is not only a costly process but it needs a considerable energy at the same time. Nowadays, the reduction of the proportion of the fertilizer is significant. One of the reasons of this is that during the production such by-products are produced in a big quantity in which the necessary vegetal nutrients can be found in a considerable measure these enrich the organic matter of soil. The latter is essential condition for the microorganisms in the soil, without which the sustainable plant cultivation can not be achieved. Besides high prices of artificial fertilizers the utilization of the wastes is economically justified. Finally the other reason for the reduction of a usage of artificial fertilizer is that the wrong use of the fertilizer may cause environmental pollutions. I examined the cultivation application of the sewage sludge in laboratory circumstances during my work.

scholarly journals Assessment of the glomalins content in the soil under winter wheat in different crop production systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gałązka Anna ◽  
Gawryjołek Karolina ◽  
Gajda Anna ◽  
Furtak Karolina ◽  
Księżniak Andrzej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Organic System ◽  
System A ◽  
Soil Proteins

The aim of the study was to evaluate the glomalins content (total glomalin (TG), easily extractable glomalin (EEG) and glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP)) in the soil under winter wheat from different crop production systems. The experiment involved four different cultivation systems: organic, integrated (INT), conventional (CON), monoculture-conventional (MON). The highest content of TG and GRSP proteins were observed in organic system. A strong positive correlation was observed between the total number of glomalins and dehydrogenase activity and organic matter. A strong correlation between TG and GRSP content was observed (r = 0.93) as well as between EEG and GRSP (r = 0.79). The highest yields of winter wheat were observed in CON (9.12 t/ha) and INT (9.04 t/ha) systems, while the lowest in monoculture (4.47 t/ha).

scholarly journals Physiological examination of some industrial wastes under laboratory conditions

2012 ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
Brigitta Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Macro Elements ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Lime Sludge

I would like to draw the attention to the different side-products and wastes that contain lots of organic matter, micro and macro elements, and the fact that they do not have any harmful effect. These materials can be used as micronutrient fertilizers, therefore quantity of the produced CO2 and other greenhouse gases will decrease. Compost, sewage sludge and lime sludge were used in our experiments. The usability of these materials in crop production was examined in crop production within laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals BIOMELIORANT APPLICATION FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SLIGHTLY HUMIC SOILS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Mezhevova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Solonetzic Soil

Purpose: to study physical-chemical parameters of sludge and the possibility of its application as a biomeliorant for increasing soil fertility in Volgograd region. Materials and methods. The object of research is light chestnut solonetzic soil of heavy loamy granulometric texture, silt sludge of domestic waste water. The analysis of soil samples was carried out according to generally accepted methods. Results and discussion. Comparative data of various sludge sediments in terms of physical-chemical parameters allow for the conclusion that the sewage sludge processed by the enzymatic-cavitation method has optimal moisture content (11 %), contains the main nutrients: nitrogen (3.3 %), phosphorus (4.27 %), potassium (0.31 %). The content of organic matter in the sludge was 32 %, which fully complies with the specifications of GOST R 54651-2011. The data of the water extract analysis show that in the variant with the processed sludge sediment there is a higher content of sulfate anions (5.40 mmol/100 g soil) in comparison with the variant of light chestnut soil (0.30 mmol/100 g soil), and increased content of calcium cations (8.40 mmol/100 g soil) and magnesium (5.10 mmol/100 g soil). As a result of the study of soil samples, it was found that after the introduction of sewage sludge in soil, the content of organic matter was 2.28 %, while in soil samples without the introduction of sediment it was 1.67 %. The content of nitrate nitrogen ranged from 8.3 to 30.9 mg/kg, ammonia nitrogen from 4.1 to 5.7 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus from 82.0 to 102.0 mg/kg, exchangeable potassium from 385 to 392 mg/kg according to the variants of the experiment. The conducted studies of the content of heavy metals in soil show that no excess was found for all standardized indicators. Conclusions: it is advisable to use sewage sludge after its biological treatment as a biomeliorant for increasing the productivity of slightly humic soils.

scholarly journals Effects of crop production practices on soil characteristics and metabolic diversity of microbial communities under winter wheat

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Gajda ◽  
Ewa A. Czyż ◽  
Karolina Furtak ◽  
Krzysztof Jończyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Biolog Ecoplate

The aim of this research was to compare the effects of organic (ORG, no mineral fertilisers and pesticides) and conventional (CON, with mineral fertilisation and plant protection chemicals) crop production systems on some soil properties: soil organic matter (SOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) contents, dehydrogenase activity and metabolic microbial diversity (Biolog EcoPlate™). Samples of Haplic Luvisol soil were collected from 23-year-old experimental fields under winter wheat from the depth layers of 0–5, 5–10, 15–20 and 30–35cm. Soil under ORG showed higher contents of SOM, POM and POM expressed as a percentage of SOM by 16.0%, 25.6% and 23.9% respectively, in particular down to 5cm depth, compared with the CON system. Also, dehydrogenase activity was 47.5% higher under the ORG than the CON system. The Biolog EcoPlate revealed higher metabolic microbial diversity in soil under ORG crop production system compared with CON. This result was supported by the average well colour development and Shannon’s diversity index values. Significant correlations between soil quality parameters and winter wheat yield confirmed their effectiveness as indicators of soil disturbance. The results showed that the ORG system much better maintained SOM and soil fertility compared with CON.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Different Crop Production Systems on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Microbial Activity under Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1130
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Gajda ◽  
Ewa Antonina Czyż ◽  
Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Production System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Organic Crop Production

In many areas, organic crop production systems have been shown to contribute to maintaining good soil condition. The organic production system has been recommended as an alternative to conventional agriculture. However, in order to recommend this practice in new regions, it is necessary to obtain information about its effects and consequences in local environmental conditions. The research was completed during 2016–2018 in Osiny (Lublin region, Poland) on a field experiment established 26 years previously in a Haplic Luvisol soil. The research was aimed at comparing the effects of long-term use of tilled soil with organic (ORG) and conventional (CON) crop production systems with those in non-tilled soil under permanent grass (PRG) as a control. This comparison was done on the basis of changes in the values of soil properties as follows: Total porosity (TP), total organic matter (OM), particulate organic matter (POM), humic substances (HS), water-extractable carbon (WEC), microbial biomass carbon pool (MBC) and dehydrogenase activity (DH). Soil samples were collected from experimental fields (each treatment 1 ha) under winter wheat and permanent grass each year from 0–5, 5–10, 15–20 and 30–35 cm depths. Over the three year study period, it was found that permanent grass and the organic crop production system contributed to increased soil OM, POM, HS, WEC and MBC contents and DH activity compared to the CON system, especially in the top soil layer, 0–5 cm. To obtain a clearer picture of soil quality change our study examined for the first time the metabolic potential index (MPI) as a ratio of dehydrogenase activity to the soluble organic carbon content. The MPI values confirmed the increase of metabolism in ORG soil as a consequence of management practices compared with CON soil. The obtained correlations showed strong mutual relationships within properties of the heterogeneous soil complex. The results show the positive effects of the ORG management system causing soil condition improvement which is based on organic fertilization, enriching the soil with a large amount of plant residues in creating positive changes in the soil quality in contrast to the CON system.

WINTER WHEAT DEVELOPED BY THE UDMURT RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE IN COMPETITIVE VARIETY TESTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
I.V. TORBINA ◽  
◽  
I.R. FARDEYEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Rotation Pattern ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Variety Testing ◽  
Made In ◽  
Research Institute

The paper assesses the promising varieties of winter wheat in a competitive variety test by the main economic and biological characteristics that determine the suitability of the variety for commercial use. The object of research was the authors’ own breeding material. The experiments on the selection of winter wheat were made in the experimental crop rotation pattern of the Institute.

Sludge minimization by disintegration at different wastewater treatment plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luchien Luning ◽  
Paul Roeleveld ◽  
Victor W.M. Claessen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Sludge Minimization

In recent years new technologies have been developed to improve the biological degradation of sewage sludge by anaerobic digestion. The paper describes the results of a demonstration of ultrasonic disintegration on the Dutch Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Land van Cuijk. The effect on the degradation of organic matter is presented, together with the effect on the dewatering characteristics. Recommendations are presented for establishing research conditions in which the effect of sludge disintegration can be determined in a more direct way that is less sensitive to changing conditions in the operation of the WWTP. These recommendations have been implemented in the ongoing research in the Netherlands supported by the National Institute for wastewater research (STOWA).

Decolorisation of natural organic matter by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: the effect of environmental conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rojek ◽  
F.A. Roddick ◽  
A. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Humic Material ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content

Phanerochaete chrysosporium was shown to rapidly decolorise a solution of natural organic matter (NOM). The effect of various parameters such as carbon and nitrogen content, pH, ionic strength, NOM concentration and addition of Mn2+ on the colour removal process was investigated. The rapid decolorisation was related to fungal growth and biosorption rather than biodegradation as neither carbon nor nitrogen limitation, nor Mn2+ addition, triggered the decolorisation process. Low pH (pH 3) and increased ionic strength (up to 50 g L‒1 added NaCl) led to greater specific removal (NOM/unit biomass), probably due to increased electrostatic bonding between the humic material and the biomass. Adsorption of NOM with viable and inactivated (autoclaved or by sodium azide) fungal pellets occurred within 24 hours and the colour removal depended on the viability, method of inactivation and pH. Colour removal by viable pellets was higher under the same conditions, and this, combined with desorption data, confirmed that fungal metabolic activity was important in the decolorisation process. Overall, removals of up to 40–50% NOM from solution were obtained. Of this, removal by adsorption was estimated as 60–70%, half of which was physicochemical, the other half metabolically-dependent biosorption and bioaccumulation. The remainder was considered to be removed by biodegradation, although some of this may be ascribed to bioaccumulation and metabolically-dependent biosorption.

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