scholarly journals Phenolic composition of Croatian olive leaves and their infusions obtained by hot and cold preparation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerija Majetić Germek ◽  
Paula Žurga ◽  
Olivera Koprivnjak ◽  
Kristina Grozić ◽  
Iva Previšić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Distinct Separation ◽  
Agronomic Conditions

Leaves and infusions of six Croatian olive cultivars grown in an organic orchard under the same agronomic conditions were characterised by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry (HPLC-UV/VIS). The total identified phenols in leaves ranged from 3 818 mg 100 g<sup>–1</sup> [cultivar Istarska crnica (IC)] to 10 572 mg 100 g<sup>–1</sup> of dry mass [cultivar Oblica (OB)]. The canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) provided a distinct separation of cultivars based on leaves' phenolic profiles. Hot- and cold-water infusions (200 mL) were prepared from 1 g of dry leaves. The average transfer rate of the total phenols in the cold-water infusions was 40% (25 °C/30 min), while in the hot-water infusions was 63% (75 °C/3 min) and 76% (100 °C/3 min). Although the cold-water infusions had the lowest transfer rate, they contained important levels of hydroxytyrosol derivatives ranging from 16.6 mg 200 mL<sup>–1</sup> to 36.5 mg 200 mL<sup>–1</sup> depending on the cultivar. Therefore, both hot and cold preparations are effective in obtaining antioxidant-rich natural beverages.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pitch Turbulator Terhadap Ntu Pada Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mufid Mufid ◽  
Arif Rahman Hakim ◽  
Bambang Widiono
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Double Pipe ◽  
Pipe Heat

Saat ini kebutuhan akan energi di dunia terus meningkat, sejalan dengan semakin tumbuhnya industri untuk menopang kehidupan manusia. Namun kenaikan kebutuhan energi tersebut tidak diimbangi dengan bertambahnya sumber energi, sehingga harga energi semakin mahal. Untuk meminimalisir kebutuhan energi, maka perlu dicari sumber-sumber energi alternatif baru, terutama sumber energi baru dan terbarukan. Disamping itu perlu dilakukan pengelolaan energi yang lebih baik, sehingga kebutuhan energi dunia bisa dikurangi. Double Pipe Heat exchanger memiliki pipa luar stainless steel dengan diameter dalam (Do) 3,5 inchi, ketebalan pipa (To) 1,5 mm, dan panjang pipa (Lo)  790mm dan pipa dalam (Di) 1 3/8 inchi,   ketebalan(Ti) 0,6 mm, dan panjang pipa (Li) 920mm, dengan air dingin dan air panas yang digunakan sebagai fluida uji di annulus dan pipa dalam. Helical turbulator dari besi (mild steel) dengan dimensi geometris jarak antar elemen (pitch) sebesar 25mm, 50 mm dan 75 mm berdiameter dalam (Di) 5/16 inchi dan diameter luar(Do) 1 5/16 inchi dengan panjang 750mm dimasukkan dalam inner tube dari heat exchanger. Air panas memasuki tabung dengan variasi flowate mulai  400 l/jam sampai 900 l/jam, sedangkan flowrate air dingin konstan 900 l/jam. Hasil penelitian dengan  disisipkannya helical turbulator   sebagai turbulator pada heat exchanger mengakibatkan peningkatan laju perpindahan kalor. Helical turbulator dengan pitch 25mm menimbulkan peningkatan laju perpindahan kalor  paling besar sebesar ±62% dibandingkan plain tube. Helical turbulator mengakibatkan peningkatan NTU heat exchanger terbesar sebesar ±63% dihasilkan oleh helical turbulator dengan pitch 25mm.At present the need for energy in the world continues to increase, in line with the growing industry to sustain human life. However, the increase in energy needs is not offset by the increase in energy sources, so energy prices are increasingly expensive. To minimize energy needs, it is necessary to look for new alternative energy sources, especially new and renewable energy sources. Besides that, better energy management is needed, so that the world's energy needs can be reduced. Double Pipe Heat Exchanger has stainless steel outer pipe with inner diameter (Do) 3.5 inch, pipe thickness (To) 1.5 mm, and pipe length (Lo) 790 mm and pipe inside (Di) 1 3/8 inch, thickness (Ti) 0.6 mm, and the length of pipe (Li) 920 mm, with cold water and hot water used as test fluid in the annulus and inner pipe. Mild steel helical turbulators with geometric dimensions of 25mm, 50mm and 75mm intervals between 5/16 inch in diameter and a 750mm length 5/16 inch outer diameter (Do) are included in the inner tube of heat exchanger. Hot water enters the tube with variations in flowate from 400 l / hour to 900 l / hour, while the cold water flowrate is constant 900 l / hour. The results of the study by inserting a helical turbulator as a turbulator in a heat exchanger resulted in an increase in the heat transfer rate. Helical turbulators with a pitch of 25mm give rise to the highest heat transfer rate of ±62% compared to plain tubes. Helical turbulators cause the largest increase in NTU heat exchanger of ±63% produced by a helical turbulator with a 25mm pitch.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Propionibacterium acnes Activities of Cold Water, Hot Water, and Methanol Extracts, and Their Respective Ethyl Acetate Fractions, from Sanguisorba officinalis L. Roots

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongdae Kim ◽  
Sung Oh ◽  
Han Noh ◽  
Seongmi Ji ◽  
Song Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sanguisorba Officinalis

Identification of medicinal plants and naturally derived compounds as new natural antioxidant and antibacterial sources for topical acne treatment has long been important. To determine anti-Propionibacterium acnes activity and in vitro antioxidant activities, Sanguisorba officinalis L. root (SOR) was extracted with cold water (CWE), hot water (HWE), and methanol (ME), and each extract was fractionated successively with hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), and butanol to determine whether the activities could be attributed to the total phenolic, flavonoid, terpenoid, and condensed tannin contents. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were analyzed between the respective variables. The SOR CWE, HWE, ME, and their respective EA fractions showed anti-P. acnes activity based on the paper disc diffusion method on agar plates, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). The MIC against P. acnes had a moderate (+) correlation with the total phenolic content, but not with the other measures. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity (SC) had a strong (–) correlation with the total phenolic content and a moderate (–) correlation with the total flavonoid content. The total antioxidant capacity had a strong (+) correlation with the condensed tannin content. Linoleic acid peroxidation inhibition had a strong (–) correlation with the total phenolic content. To elucidate the major active phytochemicals in the CWE-EA, HWE-EA, and ME-EA fractions, high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) were performed. The HPLC-UV analysis showed the presence of nine compounds in common (arjunic acid and/or euscaphic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, tannic acid, and coumarin, quercetin). The UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis showed the presence of nine compounds in common (gallic acid; caffeic acid; umbelliferone; arjunic acid, euscaphic acid, and/or tormentic acid; pomolic acid; rosamultic acid; and benzoic acid). When standards of the identified phytochemicals were tested against the same bacterium, quercetin, coumarin, and euscaphic acid showed antibacterial activity against P. acnes.

scholarly journals Pipes and Potions: Testing the Efficacy of European Folk Preparation Methods for Anticholinergic Solanaceae Plants

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Karsten Fatur ◽  
Matjaž Ravnikar ◽  
Vitjan Fras ◽  
Samo Kreft
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Fortified Wines

The present article sought to evaluate the efficiency of various folk preparation methods commonly used in Europe for employing anticholinergic Solanaceae plants. The study aimed to uncover which folk methods were effective for the extraction of the anticholinergic tropane alkaloids of these plants, atropine and scopolamine. The folk extractions that were tested sought to simulate the preparation of teas, cold-water infusions, unguents, tinctures, fortified wines, and smoking. All preparation types and a control were then put through an extraction process to see what amount of the alkaloids had been maintained. These extractions were then analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cold- and hot-water preparations, tinctures, and fortified wines all proved to be effective means of extracting atropine and scopolamine from plant material under conditions seen in folk usage. Smoking and the oil-based unguent, however, yielded no alkaloids, suggesting a lack of efficiency for these preparations, a problem with our methodology, or possible chemical changes and losses associated with the preparation procedure.

Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement by Using Different Number of Fins in Circular Tube

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kamil Abdul Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Finned Tube ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Copper Tube ◽  
Smooth Tube ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Flow Heat

Abstract-The present work investigates the enhancement of heat transfer by using different number of circular fins (8, 10, 12, 16, and 20) in double tube counter flow heat exchanger experimentally. The fins are made of copper with dimensions 66 mm OD, 22 mm ID and 1 mm thickness. Each fin has three of 14 mm diameter perforations located at 120o from each to another. The fins are fixed on a straight smooth copper tube of 1 m length, 19.9 mm ID and 22.2 mm OD. The tube is inserted inside the insulated PVC tube of 100 mm ID. The cold water is pumped around the finned copper tube, inside the PVC, at mass flow rates range (0.01019 - 0.0219) kg/s. The Reynold's number of hot water ranges (640 - 1921). The experiment results are obtained using six double tube heat exchanger (1 smooth tube and the other 5 are finned one). The results, illustrated that the heat transfer coefficient proportionally with the number of fin. The results also showed that the enhancement ratio of heat transfer for finned tube is higher than for smooth tube with (9.2, 10.2, 11.1, 12.1 13.1) times for number of fins (8, 10, 12, 16 and 20) respectively.

scholarly journals RELaTED Project: New Developments on Ultra-Low Temperature District Heating Networks

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Antonio Garrido Marijuan ◽  
Roberto Garay ◽  
Mikel Lumbreras ◽  
Víctor Sánchez ◽  
Olga Macias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Heating Networks

District heating networks deliver around 13% of the heating energy in the EU, being considered as a key element of the progressive decarbonization of Europe. The H2020 REnewable Low TEmperature District project (RELaTED) seeks to contribute to the energy decarbonization of these infrastructures through the development and demonstration of the following concepts: reduction in network temperature down to 50 °C, integration of renewable energies and waste heat sources with a novel substation concept, and improvement on building-integrated solar thermal systems. The coupling of renewable thermal sources with ultra-low temperature district heating (DH) allows for a bidirectional energy flow, using the DH as both thermal storage in periods of production surplus and a back-up heating source during consumption peaks. The ultra-low temperature enables the integration of a wide range of energy sources such as waste heat from industry. Furthermore, RELaTED also develops concepts concerning district heating-connected reversible heat pump systems that allow to reach adequate thermal levels for domestic hot water as well as the use of the network for district cooling with high performance. These developments will be demonstrated in four locations: Estonia, Serbia, Denmark, and Spain.

scholarly journals Optimization of the extraction of galactoglucomannans from Pinus halepensis

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nacera Benouadah ◽  
Andrey Pranovich ◽  
Djamel Aliouche ◽  
Jalel Labidi ◽  
Stefan Willför
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Hot Water Extraction ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Extraction Parameters

AbstractThe effectiveness of pressurized hot-water extraction conditions for obtaining galactoglucomannans (GGMs) from Pinus halepensis suitable for applications like coatings and films packaging was investigated. For this purpose, high molar masses with high yields are required, presenting a serious challenge for hot-water extraction processes. The extraction of GGMs was carried out in an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) and the isolation was performed by precipitation in ethanol. Three temperatures in the range 160–180 °C and five extraction times 5–90 min were tested in order to optimize extraction parameters of GGMs, avoiding thermal and chemical degradation in hot-water. Total dissolved solids (TDS) were determined gravimetrically after freeze-drying and weight average molar masses (Mw) were determined by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Total non-cellulosic carbohydrates were determined by gas chromatography (GC) after acid methanolysis. Free monomers were additionally analyzed by GC. Lignin in water extracts was measured by an ultraviolet (UV) method. Acetic acid was determined after alkaline hydrolysis of acetyl groups and analyzed by HPSEC. The main parameters influencing the extraction processes of the GGMs, namely, extraction time and temperature were studied. Optimal extraction parameters of GGMs were identified at 170 °C and 20 min extraction time, with average Mw of extracted fraction of 7 kDa leading to a GGM yield of approximately 56 ${\text{mgg}}_{\text{o}.\text{d}.\text{m}}^{-1}$, corresponding to 6% on dry wood basis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a High-Performance Solar Home in Loveland, Colorado

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-234
Author(s):  
Robert Hendron ◽  
Mark Eastment ◽  
Ed Hancock ◽  
Greg Barker ◽  
Paul Reeves
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

Building America (BA) partner McStain Neighborhoods built the Discovery House in Loveland, CO, with an extensive package of energy-efficient features, including a high-performance envelope, efficient mechanical systems, a solar water heater integrated with the space-heating system, a heat-recovery ventilator (HRV), and ENERGY STAR appliances. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Building Science Consortium conducted short-term field-testing and building energy simulations to evaluate the performance of the house. These evaluations are utilized by BA to improve future prototype designs and to identify critical research needs. The Discovery House building envelope and ducts were very tight under normal operating conditions. The HRV provided fresh air at a rate of about 35L∕s(75cfm), consistent with the recommendations of ASHRAE Standard 62.2. The solar hot water system is expected to meet the bulk of the domestic hot water (DHW) load (>83%), but only about 12% of the space-heating load. DOE-2.2 simulations predict whole-house source energy savings of 54% compared to the BA Benchmark (Hendron, R., 2005 NREL Report No. 37529, NREL, Golden, CO). The largest contributors to energy savings beyond McStain’s standard practice are the solar water heater, HRV, improved air distribution, high-efficiency boiler, and compact fluorescent lighting package.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibition activity of Plukenetia volubilis L. leaves extract for anti-aging application

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
N. Wuttisin ◽  
T. Nararatwanchai ◽  
A. Sarikaphuti
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblast ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Plukenetia Volubilis

Plukenetia volubilis L. leaves were part of the traditional diets in many countries. P. volubilis leaves were used to make tea and sold as local products in Thailand. There is less information on the composition of P. volubilis leaves. Previous study revealed that roasted leaves extract with hot water showed the highest antioxidant activity and the antioxidant property might be due to the presence of flavonoid. The present study was carried out to determine the quercetin content in P. volubilis leaves extract and evaluate the anti-aging potential activities including MMP-2 inhibition activity and telomerase stimulation activity. P. volubilis leaves were roasted in hot air oven and extracted with hot water. The extract was investigated for quercetin content by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro cytotoxicity, MMP-2 inhibition activity and telomerase stimulation activity were determined for anti-aging properties. The results revealed that P. volubilis leaves contained quercetin 50.50±4.78 mg/g DW. The extract showed no cytotoxicity on human skin fibroblast with cell viability of 96.76-120.83%. It demonstrated the potential of MMP-2 inhibition (8.74±2.84%) activity but lower than ascorbic acid. P. volubilis leave extract did not have telomerase stimulation activity on the human Hela cell line. However, the results from this study have indicated the possibility of anti-aging potential of P. volubilis leaves extract.

scholarly journals The Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Processing on Physical Properties of Processed Amaranth and Oat Bran Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Sean X. Liu ◽  
Diejun Chen ◽  
George E. Inglett ◽  
Jingyuan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Amaranth Flour

Amaranth-oat composites were developed using gluten free amaranth flour containing essential amino acids and minerals with oat products containing β-glucan, known for lowering blood cholesterol. Amaranth flour and oat bran concentrate (OBC) composites (1:4) were processed using different technologies, including dry mixing, baking, steaming, cold wet blending, and high speed homogenizing (Polytron PT6000) with cold water or hot water. The results showed that water holding capacities, pasting, and rheological properties were dramatically increased by wet blending, Polytron with cold water, and Polytron with hot water followed by drum drying. The processing procedures created dissimilar physical properties that will enhance the application of ancient grains and oat for functional foods that are suitable for people who are gluten-intolerant. In addition, the dietary fiber contents of composites were increased by the incorporation of OBC. The composites can be inexpensively prepared and processed. The new healthful products will be affordable for people who suffer from celiac disease or gluten-intolerant. These innovative gluten-free functional food products will help millions of gluten sensitive consumers enjoy heart-healthy functional foods.

scholarly journals Thermal Characteristics Analysis on Multi- Heat Pipe Induced Heat Exchanger

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Physical Parameters

In this investigation of multi heat pipe induced in heat exchanger shows the developments in heat transfer is to improve the efficiency of heat exchangers. Water is used as a heat transfer fluid and acetone is used as a working fluid. Rotameter is set to measure the flow rate of cold water and hot water. To maintain the parameter as experimental setup. Then set the mass flow rate of hot water as 40 LPH, 60LPH, 80 LPH, 100LPH, 120 LPH and mass flow rate of cold water as 20 LPH, 30 LPH, 40 LPH, 50 LPH, and 60 LPH. Then 40 C, 45 ºC, 50 ºC, 55 C, 60 ºC are the temperatures of hot water at inlet are maintained. To find some various physical parameters of Qc , hc , Re ,, Pr , Rth. The maximum effectiveness of the investigation obtained from condition of Thi 60 C, Tci 32 C and 100 LPH mhi, 60 LPH mci the maximum effectiveness attained as 57.25. Then the mhi as 100 LPH, mci as 60 LPH and Thi at 40 C as 37.6%. It shows the effectiveness get increased about 34.3 to the maximum conditions.

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