scholarly journals Soybean yield and yield component distribution across the main axis in response to light enrichment and shading under different densities

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Liu ◽  
X.B. Liu ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
Y.S. Li ◽  
J. Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The Impact

A 2-year field experiment was conducted under light enrichment and shading conditions to examine the responses of seed yield and yield components distribution across main axis in soybean. The results showed that the maximum increase in seed yield per plant by light enrichment occurred at 27 plants/m<sup>2</sup>, while the most significant reduction in seed yield per plant by shading occurred at 54 plants/m<sup>2</sup>. Light enrichment beginning at early flowering stage decreased seed size on average by 7% while shading increased seed size on average by 9% over densities and cultivars, resulting in a fewer extent compensation in seed yield decrement. Responses to light enrichment and shading occurred proportionately across the main axis node positions despite the differences in the time (15&ndash;20 days) of development of yield components between the high and low node positions. Variation intensity of seed size of three soybeans was dissimilar as a result of changes in the environment during the reproductive period. The small-seed cultivar had the greatest stability in single seed size across the main axis, followed by moderate-seed cultivar, while large-seed cultivar was the least stable. Although maximum seed size may be determined by genetic potential in soybean plants, our results suggested that seed size can still be modified by environmental conditions, and the impact can be expressed through some internal control moderating the final size of most seeds in main stem and in all pods. It indicates that, through redistributing the available resources across main stem to components, soybean plants showed the mechanism, in an attempt to maintain or improve yield in a constantly changing environment.

Response of Soybean Yield Components to 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Robinson ◽  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
David M. Simpson ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Specific Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soybean plants exposed POST to 2,4-D can have reduced seed yield depending on the dose and time of exposure, but it is unclear how 2,4-D affects specific yield components. Objectives were to quantify soybean injury, characterize changes in seed yield and yield components of soybean plants exposed to 2,4-D, and determine if seed-yield loss can be estimated from visual assessment of crop injury. Ten rates (0, 0.1, 1.1, 11.2, 35, 70, 140, 280, 560, and 2,240 g ae ha−1) of 2,4-D were applied to Becks brand 342 NRR soybean at three soybean growth stages (V2, V5, or R2). The soybeans were planted near Lafayette, IN and Urbana, IL in 2009 and 2010 and near Fowler, IN in 2009. Twenty percent visual soybean injury was caused by 29 to 109 g ha−12,4-D at 14 d after treatment (DAT) and 109 to 245 g ha−1at 28 DAT. Nonlinear regression models were fit to describe the effect of 2,4-D on seed yield and yield components of soybean. Seed yield was reduced by 5% from 87 to 116 g ha−1and a 10% reduction was caused by 149 to 202 g ha−12,4-D at all application timings. The number of seeds m−2, pods m−2, reproductive nodes m−2, and nodes m−2were the most sensitive yield components. Path analysis indicated that seeds m−2, pods m−2, main stem reproductive nodes m−2, and main stem nodes m−2were the most influential yield components in seed-yield formation. Seed-yield loss was significant (P < 0.0001) and highly correlated (R2= 0.95 to 0.99) to visual soybean injury ratings. A 10% seed-yield loss was caused by 35% soybean injury observed at 14 DAT, whereas a 10% seed-yield loss was a result of 40, 19, and 15% soybean injury observed at 28 DAT when soybean was exposed to 2,4-D at the V2, V5, and R2 growth stages, respectively.

SEED YIELD COMPONENTS IN WHITE CLOVER

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. HUXLEY ◽  
V. C. BRINK ◽  
G. W. EATON
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Seed Yield Components ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Components of seed yield were studied in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Head number and seed size were the major components of yield. Seeds per head was not a significant yield component and was independent of head number.

scholarly journals Potential Effects of Awn Length Variation on Seed Yield and Components, Seed Dispersal and Germination Performance in Siberian Wildrye (Elymus sibiricus L.)

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrice Ntakirutimana ◽  
Bowen Xiao ◽  
Wengang Xie ◽  
Junchao Zhang ◽  
Zongyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Length Variation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Impact

Awns, needle-like structures formed on the distal of the lemmas in the florets, are of interest because of their essential roles in seed dispersal, germination and photosynthesis. Previous research has reported the potential benefits of awns in major cereal grasses, yet reports on the agronomic and economic implications of awn length variation in forage grasses remain scarce. This study investigated the variation of awn length among 20 Siberian wildrye populations and the effect of awn length on seed yield and yield components. This work then studied the impact of awn length on seed dispersal and germination. The analyses indicated a high level of awn length variation among populations. Awn length showed a significant influence on harvested seed yield per plant (p < 0.05) mostly driven by interactions between awn length and the majority of seed yield components. Principal component analysis clearly revealed that the final impact of awn length on seed yield depends on the balance of its positive and negative effects on traits determining seed yield. Furthermore, awn length tended to increase seed dispersal distance, although little diversity in the nature of this progression was observed in some populations. Awn length exhibited a significant relationship (p < 0.05) with germination percentage. It also tended to shorten germination duration, although this interaction was not statistically significant. Collectively, these results provide vital information for breeding and agronomic programs aiming to maintain yield in grasses. This is the first report to demonstrate in Siberian wildrye the agronomic impacts of awn length variation.

Field environment studies on lupins. 2. The effects of time of planting on dry matter partition and yield components of Lupinus angustifolius L

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Perry
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Systematic Effect ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Lateral Branches

Dry matter partition, seed yield, and yield components were examined in two lupin cultivars at eight planting times. Dry matter production and seed yield both declined with later planting primarily as a result of the foreshortened growing season which reduced the production of lateral branches and consequently the number of inflorescences per plant. For a given inflorescence, planting date appeared to have no systematic effect on pod number, although pod numbers on the main stem inflorescence varied with planting date. Mean seed weight declined slightly with later planting. Unicrop, the earlier-flowering cultivar, gave higher seed yields owing to greater development of higher order lateral branches and heavier individual seeds. Flowering began when only 17-25 % of maximum dry matter had accumulated, and subsequent dry matter partition between main stem and successive orders of lateral branches emphasized the characteristic structural development of the lupin. Seed filling occurred in the last 4-6 weeks of growth when vegetative development had nearly ceased, and was almost concurrent in both cultivars, all planting times and all lateral orders irrespective of the time of pod set.

scholarly journals Heritability, Genetic Variability and Correlation Analysis of some Important Agronomic Traits in Rapeseed Advanced Lines

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rameeh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Genetic Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Coefficient

Abstract The efficiency of a breeding program depends mainly on the direction of the correlation between yield and its components and the relative importance of each component involved in contributing to seed yield.Twenty one rapeseed genotypes were evaluated based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant genotypes effects were exhibited for phenological traits, plant height, yield components except pod length and seed yield, indicating significant genetic differences among the genotypes. High broad sense heritability were determined for phenological traits, plant height and seed yield demonstrating selection gain for improving these traits will be high. Pods on main axis and pods per plant had high value of genetic coefficient of variation and also were significant correlated with seed yield. The results of factor analysis exhibited three factors including first yield components (plant height, pods on main axis and seed yield), second yield components (pods per plant, seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight) and fixed capital factor (phenological traits). On the basis of cluster analysis, the genotypes were classified in three groups and the group with high seed yield had high mean values of plant height, days to maturity and pods per plant.

The Effect of Sowing Date on the Yield and Yield Components of Spring Oil-Seed Rape

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Scarisbrick ◽  
R. W. Daniels ◽  
Mary Alcock
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Oil Seed ◽  
Oil Seed Rape ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

SUMMARYThree spring oil-seed rape cultivars were drilled on five dates during 1979 and 1980. Delayed drilling (1) reduced seed yield, (2) increased the main stem contribution to seed production, and (3) increased the percentage of damaged pods at harvest. The results indicated that cultivars similar to those used in this trial should be drilled between the 3rd week of March and mid-April.

scholarly journals Causation between Agronomic Traits in Homozygous Soybean Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochammad Muchlish ADIE ◽  
Ayda KRISNAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Wet Biomass ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Number Of Branches

Seed yield in soybean is associated with other yield components. The objective of the study was to investigate the pattern of relationship between seed yield and yield components in soybean. Agronomic characters and seed yield of 147 soybean homozygous lines (HL) and 3 check cultivars (Dega 1, Detap 1, and Anjasmoro) were evaluated in Banyuwangi (East Java, Indonesia) from April to July 2018. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications. After threshing, the HLs were grouped into large seed size (> 14.00 g/100 seeds) and medium seed size (10 - 14 g/100 seeds). The causation and inter-relationship between yield components and seed yield were quantified using path analysis. Based on the seed size, a total of 150 HLs was grouped into 97 lines and 53 lines of large and medium seed size, respectively. The correlation analysis showed a similar pattern between groups of large and medium seed size. The seed yield in both groups was highly determined by the characters of the number of filled pods, number of nodes, number of branches, plant height, and wet biomass. The results of path analysis revealed that plant age, particularly the length of the generative phase, was an important factor affecting seed yield in large seed soybean lines. The length of the generative phase determining the soybean yield in this study can be suggested to be used as selection criteria to obtain high yielding and large seed size variety. HIGHLIGHTS The investigation on the pattern of relationship between seed yield and yield components in soybean The path analysis to quantify the causation and inter-relationship between yield components and seed yield  The soybean seed yield was highly determined by the characters of the number of filled pods, number of nodes, number of branches, plant height, and wet biomass The length of the generative phase could be used as selection criteria to obtain high yielding and large seed size soybean variety

The effect of seed size, seed treatment, seeding date and depth on Rhizoctonia seedling blight of canola

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
S. E. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
The Impact

Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Turnbull, G. D., Gossen, B. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2014. The effect of seed size, seed treatment, seeding date and depth on Rhizoctonia seedling blight of canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 311–321. Rhizoctonia solani can have a substantial impact on seedling establishment and productivity of canola (Brassica napus). The effects of seeding date, seeding depth, seed size, and seed treatment on seedling blight of canola were evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Early seeding resulted in higher seedling emergence in one trial year and higher seed yield in all trial years relative to a late-seeded treatment. Mid-sized seed (range 0.7–2.0 mm diam.) had greater seedling emergence in R. solani-inoculated growth medium in a greenhouse trial and higher seed yield in one of two field trials compared with smaller seed (<0.7 mm). In the greenhouse study, sowing of large seed resulted in greater plant height and shoot weight compared with sowing of smaller seed. The effect of seeding depth was significant only on shoot dry weight, which increased at a seeding depth of 2.6 cm. Seed treatment with Helix Xtra (thiamethoxam+difenconazole+metalaxyl+fludioxonil), and Prosper FX (clothianidin+carboxin+trifloxystrobin+metalaxyl) resulted in a significant increase in seedling emergence and yield compared with the inoculated control. These results indicate that fungicidal seed treatment can minimize the impact of R. solani on canola.

Response of Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Yield Components to Dicamba Exposure

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Robinson ◽  
David M. Simpson ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Exposure of soybean to dicamba can result in leaf malformation and sometimes yield loss, but it is unclear how yield components are affected by exposure to low quantities of this herbicide. The objectives were to characterize soybean injury and quantify changes in seed yield and yield components of soybean plants exposed to dicamba, and determine if seed yield loss can be estimated from visual injury ratings. Nine dicamba rates (0, 0.06, 0.23, 0.57, 1.1, 2.3, 4.5, 9.1, and 22.7 g ae ha−1) were applied at three growth stages (V2 – two trifoliates, V5-five trifoliates, or R2-full flowering soybean) to Beck's brand ‘342NRR’ soybean planted near Lafayette, IN, in 2009 and 2010 and near Fowler, IN, in 2009. Visually estimated soybean injury of 20% at the V2, V5, or R2 timing was 0.676 to 0.937 g ha−1dicamba at 14 d after treatment (DAT) and 0.359 to 1.37 g ha−1dicamba at 28 DAT. Seed yield was reduced by 5% from 0.042 to 0.528 g ha−1dicamba and a 10% reduction was caused by 0.169 to 1.1 g ha−1dicamba. The number of seeds m−2, pods m−2, reproductive nodes m−2, and nodes m−2were the most sensitive yield components. Path analysis indicated that dicamba reduced seeds m−2, pods m−2, reproductive nodes m−2, and nodes m−2which were the main causes of seed yield loss from dicamba exposure. The correlation of seed yield loss and visual soybean injury was significant (P < 0.0001) for both the V2 treatment timing (R2= 0.92) and the V5 and R2 treatment timings (R2= 0.91). Early-season injury rating of 8% at the V2 treatment and 2% at the V5 or R2 treatments caused 10% or more yield loss.

Effects of Melon (Colocynthis vulgaris) Population Density on Intercropped Maize (Zea mays) and Melon

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. T. Wahua
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Melon Seed ◽  
Optimum Population ◽  
Colocynthis Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Yields

SUMMARYIn a study of the optimum population for melon when intercropped with maize, melon at 5000, 10 000, 15 000 and 20 000 plants ha−1 was intercropped with maize at 40 000 plants ha−1. Melon biomass and seed yield increased linearly with population density in mixed and pure stands while maize yield components were virtually unaffected. Intercropping reduced melon seed yields, mainly because of a reduction in number of fruits per plant, but did not affect seed size. For good weed and erosion control and increased total yields, maize can be intercropped with up to 20 000 plants ha−1 of melon.

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