scholarly journals Salt acclimation induced salt tolerance in wild-type and chlorophyl b-deficient mutant wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Zhiyu Zuo ◽  
Fan Ye ◽  
Zongshuai Wang ◽  
Shuxin Li ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Salt Acclimation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
K Concentration

Salt acclimation can promote the tolerance of wheat plants to the subsequent salt stress, which may be related to the responses of the photosynthetic apparatus. The chlorophyl (Chl) b-deficient mutant wheat ANK 32B and its wild type (WT) were firstly saltly acclimated with 30 mmol NaCl for 12 days, then subsequently subjected to 6-day salt stress (500 mmol NaCl). The ANK 32B mutant plants had lower Chl b concentration, which was manifested in the lower total Chl concentration, higher ratio of Chl a/b and in reduced photosynthetic activity (P<sub>n</sub>). The effect of salt acclimation was manifested mainly after salt stress. Compared to non-acclimated plants, the salt acclimation increased the leaf water potential, osmotic potential (Ψ<sub>o</sub>) and K concentration, while decreased the amount of Na<sup>+</sup> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in WT and ANK 32B under salt stress, except for Ψ<sub>o</sub> in ANK 32B. In addition, the salt acclimation enhanced the APX (ascorbate peroxidase) activity by 10.55% and 33.69% in WT and ANK 32B under salt stress, respectively. Compared to the genotypes, under salt stress, the Ψ<sub>o</sub>, F<sub>v</sub>/F<sub>m</sub>, P<sub>n</sub> and g<sub>s</sub> of mutant plants were 5.60, 17.62, 46.73 and 26.41% lower than that of WT, respectively. These results indicated that although the salt acclimation could alleviate the negative consequences of salt stress, it is mainly manifested in the WT, and the ANK 32B plants had lower salt tolerance than WT plants, suggesting that lower Chl b concentration has a negative effect on the salt acclimation induced salt tolerance in wheat.  

scholarly journals Salt acclimation induced salt tolerance in wild-type and abscisic acid-deficient mutant barley

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyu Zuo ◽  
Junhong Guo ◽  
Caiyun Xin ◽  
Shengqun Liu ◽  
Hanping Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Salt Acclimation

Salt acclimation is a process to enhance salt tolerance in plants. The salt acclimation induced salt tolerance was investigated in a spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Steptoe (wild type, WT) and its abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutant Az34. Endogenesis ABA concentration in leaf was significantly increased by salt stress in WT, while it was not affected in Az34. Under salt stress, the salt acclimated Az34 plants had 14.8% lower total soluble sugar concentration and 93.7% higher sodium (Na) concentration in leaf, compared with salt acclimated WT plants. The acclimated plants had significantly higher leaf water potential and osmotic potential than non-acclimated plants in both WT and Az34 under salt stress. The salt acclimation enhanced the net photosynthetic rate (by 22.9% and 12.3%) and the maximum quantum yield of PS II (22.7% and 22.0%) in WT and Az34 under salt stress. However, the stomatal conductance in salt acclimated Az34 plants was 28.9% lower than WT under salt stress. Besides, the guard cell pair width was significantly higher in salt acclimated Az34 plants than that in WT plants. The results indicated that the salt acclimated WT plants showed a higher salt tolerance than Az34 plants, suggesting that ABA deficiency has a negative effect on the salt acclimation induced salt tolerance in barley.

scholarly journals Overexpression of a Novel ROP Gene from the Banana (MaROP5g) Confers Increased Salt Stress Tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxia Miao ◽  
Peiguang Sun ◽  
Juhua Liu ◽  
Jingyi Wang ◽  
Biyu Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Primary Roots

Rho-like GTPases from plants (ROPs) are plant-specific molecular switches that are crucial for plant survival when subjected to abiotic stress. We identified and characterized 17 novel ROP proteins from Musa acuminata (MaROPs) using genomic techniques. The identified MaROPs fell into three of the four previously described ROP groups (Groups II–IV), with MaROPs in each group having similar genetic structures and conserved motifs. Our transcriptomic analysis showed that the two banana genotypes tested, Fen Jiao and BaXi Jiao, had similar responses to abiotic stress: Six genes (MaROP-3b, -5a, -5c, -5f, -5g, and -6) were highly expressed in response to cold, salt, and drought stress conditions in both genotypes. Of these, MaROP5g was most highly expressed in response to salt stress. Co-localization experiments showed that the MaROP5g protein was localized at the plasma membrane. When subjected to salt stress, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing MaROP5g had longer primary roots and increased survival rates compared to wild-type A. thaliana. The increased salt tolerance conferred by MaROP5g might be related to reduced membrane injury and the increased cytosolic K+/Na+ ratio and Ca2+ concentration in the transgenic plants as compared to wild-type. The increased expression of salt overly sensitive (SOS)-pathway genes and calcium-signaling pathway genes in MaROP5g-overexpressing A. thaliana reflected the enhanced tolerance to salt stress by the transgenic lines in comparison to wild-type. Collectively, our results suggested that abiotic stress tolerance in banana plants might be regulated by multiple MaROPs, and that MaROP5g might enhance salt tolerance by increasing root length, improving membrane injury and ion distribution.

scholarly journals The RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis reveals genes mediating salt tolerance through rapid triggering of ion transporters in a mutant barley

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareh Yousefirad ◽  
Hassan Soltanloo ◽  
Sayad Sanaz Ramezanpour ◽  
Khalil Zaynalinezhad ◽  
Vahid Shariati
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Ion Transporters ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Mutant Genotype ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract Regarding the complexity of the mechanisms of salinity tolerance, the use of isogenic lines or mutants that have the same genetic background but show different tolerance to salinity is a suitable method to reduce the analytical complexity to study these mechanisms. In the current study, whole transcriptome analysis was evaluated using RNA-seq method between a salt-tolerant mutant line “73-M4-30” and its wild-type “Zarjou” cultivar at a seedling stage after six hours of exposure to salt stress (300 mM NaCl). Transcriptome sequencing yielded 20 million reads for each genotype. A total number of 7116 transcripts with differential expression were identified, 1586 and 1479 of which were obtained with significantly increased expression in the mutant and the wild-type, respectively. In addition, the families of WRKY, ERF, AP2/EREBP, NAC, CTR/DRE, AP2/ERF, MAD, MIKC, HSF, and bZIP were identified as the important transcription factors with specific expression in the mutant genotype. The RNA-seq results were confirmed in several time points using qRT-PCR of some important salt-responsive genes. In general, the results revealed that the mutant compared to its wild-type via fast stomach closure and consequently transpiration reduction under the salt stress, saved more sodium ion in the root and decreased its transfer to the shoot, and increased the amount of potassium ion leading to the maintenance a high ratio [K+]/­[Na+] in the shoot. Moreover, it caused a reduction in photosynthesis and respiration, resulting in the use of the stored energy and the carbon for maintaining the plant tissues, which is a mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. Up-regulation of catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase genes, which was probably due to the more accumulation of H2O2 in the wild-type compared to the mutant. Therefore, the wild-type initiated rapid ROS signals lead to less oxidative scavenging than the mutant. The mutant increased expression in the ion transporters and the channels related to the salinity to retain the ion homeostasis. Totally, the results demonstrated that the mutant responded better to the salt stress under both the osmotic and the ionic stress phases. Less damage was observed in the mutant compared to its wild-type under the salt stress.

Rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase confer salt tolerance in maize grown on salt-affected fields

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1302-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Mahmood Nadeem ◽  
Zahir Ahmad Zahir ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Muhammad Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Salt stress is one of the major constraints hampering agricultural production owing to its impact on ethylene production and nutritional imbalance. A check on the accelerated ethylene production in plants could be helpful in minimizing the negative effect of salt stress on plant growth and development. Four Pseudomonas , 1 Flavobacterium , and 1 Enterobacter strain of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase were selected and their effects on growth and yield of maize were investigated to improve the salt tolerance of maize grown on salt-affected fields. The selected rhizobacterial isolates reduced or eliminated the classical “triple” response, indicating their ability to reduce stress-induced ethylene levels. Results showed that rhizobacterial strains, particularly Pseudomonas and Enterobacter spp., significantly promoted the growth and yield of maize compared with the non-inoculated control. Pseudomonas fluorescens increased plant height, biomass, cob yield, grain yield, 1000 grain mass, and straw yield of maize up to 29%, 127%, 67%, 60%, 17%, and 166%, respectively, over the control. Under stress conditions, more N, P, and K uptake and high K+–Na+ ratios were recorded in inoculated plants compared with the control. The results imply that inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria containing ACC-deaminase could be a useful approach for improving growth and yield of maize under salt-stressed conditions.

scholarly journals Functional Characteristics of The Stelar K+ Outward Rectifying Channel (EeSKOR) Gene in Elytrigia Elongata

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yantong Zhou ◽  
Xiaoxia Tian ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Peichun Mao ◽  
Mingli Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Drought Intensity ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
High Salt Tolerance

Abstract As an important nutrient, K+ plays a crucial role in plant stress resistance. It has been reported that the stelar K+ outward rectifying channel (SKOR) is involved in loading K+ into the xylem for its transport from roots to shoots. Elytrigia elongata is a perennial, sparsely distributed, rhizome-type herbaceous plant belonging to the wheatgrass family; it has high salt tolerance. Here, we isolated EeSKOR from decaploid E. elongata and investigated its function in transgenic tobacco. The results showed that EeSKOR was mainly expressed in the roots and was up-regulated with increasing salinity and drought intensity. Overexpression of EeSKOR in plants exposed to salt stress enhanced growth performance, increased SOD activity and chlorophyll content, significantly reduced H2O2 and MDA content, reduced Na+ concentration, and increased K+ concentration in transgenic tobacco plants compared with wild-type (WT) and null vector (Vector) plants. Our findings suggest that transgenic plants overexpressing EeSKOR could enhance K+ transport from the roots to the aboveground parts to maintain K+ steady-state in the aboveground under conditions of salt stress, thereby enhancing tobacco salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Ectopic Expression of Gs5PTase8, a Soybean Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase, Enhances Salt Tolerance in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jia ◽  
Song Sun ◽  
Defeng Kong ◽  
Junliang Song ◽  
Lumei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Wild Type

Inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases (5PTases) function in inositol signaling by regulating the catabolism of phosphoinositol derivatives. Previous reports showed that 5PTases play a critical role in plant development and stress responses. In this study, we identified a novel 5PTase gene, Gs5PTase8, from the salt-tolerance locus of chromosome 3 in wild soybean (Glycine soja). Gs5PTase8 is highly up-regulated under salt treatment. It is localized in the nucleus and plasma membrane with a strong signal in the apoplast. Ectopic expression of Gs5PTase8 significantly increased salt tolerance in transgenic BY-2 cells, soybean hairy roots and Arabidopsis, suggesting Gs5PTase8 could increase salt tolerance in plants. The overexpression of Gs5PTase8 significantly enhanced the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase under salt stress. The seeds of Gs5PTase8-transgenic Arabidopsis germinated earlier than the wild type under abscisic acid treatment, indicating Gs5PTase8 would alter ABA sensitivity. Besides, transcriptional analyses showed that the stress-responsive genes, AtRD22, AtRD29A and AtRD29B, were induced with a higher level in the Gs5PTase8-transgenic Arabidopsis plants than in the wild type under salt stress. These results reveal that Gs5PTase8 play a positive role in salt tolerance and might be a candidate gene for improving soybean adaptation to salt stress.

The vacuolar Na+ - H+ antiport gene TaNHX2 confers salt tolerance on transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Min Zhang ◽  
Zi-Hui Liu ◽  
Zhi-Yu Wen ◽  
Hong-Mei Zhang ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transgenic Alfalfa

TaNHX2, a vacuolar Na+–H+ antiport gene from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was transformed into alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation to evaluate the role of vacuolar energy providers in plant salt stress responses. PCR and Southern blotting analysis showed that the target gene was integrated into the Medicago genome. Reverse transcription–PCR indicated that gene TaNHX2 was expressed at the transcriptional level. The relative electrical conductivity in the T2 transgenic plants was lower and the osmotic potential was higher compared to the wild-type plants under salt stress conditions. The tonoplast H+-ATPase, H+-pyrophosphatase (PPase) hydrolysis activities and ATP-dependent proton pump activities in transgenic plants were all higher than those of wild-type plants, and the enzyme activities could be induced by salt stress. The PPi-dependent proton pump activities decreased when NaCl concentrations increased from 100 mM to 200 mM, especially in transgenic plants. The vacuolar Na+–H+ antiport activities of transgenic plants were 2–3 times higher than those of the wild -type plants under 0 mM and 100 mM NaCl stress. Na+–H+ antiport activity was not detectable for wild-type plants under 200 mM NaCl, but for transgenic plants, it was further increased with an increment in salt stress intensity. These results demonstrated that expression of the foreign TaNHX2 gene enhanced salt tolerance in transgenic alfalfa.

Reduced expression of a vesicle trafficking-related ATPase SKD1 decreases salt tolerance in Arabidopsis

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Wei Ho ◽  
Ting-Ting Yang ◽  
Shyan-Shu Shieh ◽  
Gerald E. Edwards ◽  
Hungchen E. Yen
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salinity Response

In this study we present the functional characterisation of SKD1 (suppressor of K+ transport growth defect) in salt tolerance of higher plants. SKD1 participates in endosome-mediated protein sorting and expression of SKD1 is salt-induced in Na+ storage cells of halophyte ice plant. Transgenic Arabidopsis with reduced SKD1 expression were generated by expressing AtSKD1 in antisense orientation. Relative root growth rate of antisense seedlings was slower than that of wild-type seedlings under salt treatment. The Na+/K+ ratio doubled in the antisense seedlings compared with the wild-type seedlings indicating a loss in Na+/K+ homeostasis. The PSII activity dropped following one week of salt-stress in antisense plants whereas wild-type plants maintained normal activity. Upon germination, transgenic seedlings developed multiple roots where each root had lower density of lateral roots. Application of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid restored the ability of transgenic seedlings to form lateral roots. Expression profiling analyses revealed that expressions of one stress-related kinase, several salt-induced transcription factors and one auxin efflux transporter were altered in antisense seedlings. With decreased expression of SKD1, plants experience a reduced salinity response and altered root development indicating the importance of intracellular vesicular trafficking in both auxin-mediated plant growth and in maintaining ion homeostasis under salt stress.

scholarly journals PLATZ2 negatively regulates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis seedlings by directly suppressing the expression of the CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8 genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (18) ◽  
pp. 5589-5602
Author(s):  
Shasha Liu ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Shizhong Zhang ◽  
Kang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance

Abstract Although the salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway plays essential roles in conferring salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana, the regulatory mechanism underlying SOS gene expression remains largely unclear. In this study, AtPLATZ2 was found to function as a direct transcriptional suppressor of CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8 in the Arabidopsis salt stress response. Compared with wild-type plants, transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing AtPLATZ2 exhibited increased sensitivity to salt stress. Loss of function of PLATZ2 had no observed salt stress phenotype in Arabidopsis, while the double mutant of PLATZ2 and PLATZ7 led to weaker salt stress tolerance than wild-type plants. Overexpression of AtPLATZ2 in transgenic plants decreased the expression of CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8 under both normal and saline conditions. AtPLATZ2 directly bound to A/T-rich sequences in the CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8 promoters in vitro and in vivo, and inhibited CBL4/SOS3 promoter activity in the plant leaves. The salt sensitivity of #11 plants constitutively overexpressing AtPLATZ2 was restored by the overexpression of CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8. Salt stress-induced Na+ accumulation in both the shoots and roots was more exaggerated in AtPLATZ2-overexpressing plants than in the wild type. The salt stress-induced Na+ accumulation in #11 seedlings was also rescued by the overexpression of CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8. Furthermore, the transcription of AtPLATZ2 was induced in response to salt stress. Collectively, these results suggest that AtPLATZ2 suppresses plant salt tolerance by directly inhibiting CBL4/SOS3 and CBL10/SCaBP8, and functions redundantly with PLATZ7.

scholarly journals (139) A Capacity for Mannitol Biosynthesis is a Critical Component of Salt Tolerance in Celery

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057B-1057
Author(s):  
Wayne H. Loescher ◽  
Paolo Sabbatini ◽  
Guo-Qing Song ◽  
Kenneth Sink ◽  
James Flore
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Antisense Transgenic Plants ◽  
Antisense Construct

Mannitol, a sugar alcohol that appears to serve as an osmoprotectant/compatible solute to cope with salt stress, is synthesized in celery (Apium graveolens L.) via the action of a NADPH dependent mannose-6-phosphate reductase (M6PR). To evaluate the abiotic stress effects of mannitol biosynthesis, we transformed celery with an antisense construct of the celery leaf M6PR gene under control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Unlike wild type (WT) celery, independent antisense M6PR transformants did not accumulate significant amounts of mannitol in any tissue, with or without salt stress. In the absence of NaCl, and despite the lack of any significant accumulation of mannitol that is normally the major photosynthetic product, antisense transformants were mostly phenotypically similar to the WT celery. However, in the presence of NaCl, mature antisense transgenic plants were significantly less salt-tolerant, with reduced growth and photosynthetic rates, and some transformant lines were killed at 200 mM NaCl, a concentration that WT celery can normally withstand. Although mannitol biosynthesis is normally enhanced in salt-treated WT celery, no such increase was observed in the antisense transformants. Like our previous gain of function results showing enhanced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis plants transgenic for a sense M6PR construct, these loss of function results, using an antisense construct in celery, demonstrate a major role for mannitol biosynthesis in developing salt-tolerant plants.

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