scholarly journals Rapid hydroponic screening for molybdenum tolerance in rice through morphological and biochemical analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 505-512
Author(s):  
G.R. Rout ◽  
P. Das
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Root Measurement ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Different Levels

High yielding varieties of rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars were tested for their tolerance to different levels of molybdenum (Mo) (0.1&micro;M &ndash; control, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6&micro;M) in nutrient solution at pH 6.8. Seeds of rice were germinated and grown in presence of molybdenum under controlled environmental conditions. Standard growth parameters such as root length, shoot length, root/shoot dry biomass and root/shoot tolerance index were tested as markers of molybdenum toxicity. Measurements as early as 48 hours after the germination did not yield consistent results. However, root measurement on 3<sup>rd</sup>, 6<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;and 9<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;day after root emergence showed significant differences among cultivars of rice. Rice cultivars Annapurna, Kusuma, Deepa and Vaghari developed better root system while, Paridhan-1, Pusa-2-21 and Ratna showed poor growth of the roots in presence (0.8&micro;M) of molybdenum. The root tolerance index (RTI) and the shoot tolerance index (STI) in Annapurna, Kusuma and Deepa in rice were high indicating their tolerance to molybdenum; Paridhan-1 and Ratna, however, showed low RTI and STI. Based on the growth parameters, twenty cultivars of rice were ranked in respect of their tolerance to molybdenum: Annapurrna &gt; Deepa &gt; Kusuma &gt; Vaghari &gt; Hamsa &gt; Vikram &gt; Bharati &gt; Paridhan-2 &gt; Aswathi &gt; Subhadra &gt; Sankar &gt; Sakti &gt; Nilgiri &gt; Rudra &gt; Hema &gt; Pragati &gt; Pusa-2-21 &gt; Ratna &gt; Paridhan-1, respectively. Molybdenum toxicity was correlated with increased peroxidase and catalase activity in different cultivars of rice. This method can be employed for quick screening of rice cultivars for molybdenum tolerance in breeding programmes.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT OF WET SEEDED RICE USING GA3 AND IBA AS SEED TREATMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Uma R. Sinniah ◽  
Mohd. Khanif Yusop ◽  
Rajan Amarthalingam
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Initial Stage

Direct seeding has some advantages compared to transplanting system in rice, however there are some constraints need to be addressed. One  constraint generally faced in the wet seeded rice is poor stand  establishment. The experiment was conducted to improve seedling  establishment by using selected growth regulators. Seeds of four rice  cultivars, i.e. Memberamo, Widas, MR 84, and MR 219 were treated with  GA3 (gibberellic acid-3) of 25, 50, and 100 mg 1-1, and IBA (indole-3  butyric acid) of 10, 20, and 40 mg l-1. Results showed that cultivar  response to GA3 was similar in all parameters observed, however the response of cultivars to IBA was different at the initial stage. In Indonesian cultivars (Memberamo and Widas), shoot length of IBA treated seedlings was comparable to the control, but the IBA treated seedlings of  Malaysian cultivars (MR 84 and MR 219) had slightly shorter shoots   compared to the control. GA3 as seed treatment induced favorable early emergence and shoot growth in the initial stage, but the shoots were  etiolated and resulted in susceptible to lodging even in the vegetative  stage. In comparison, exogenous application of IBA resulted in high number of adventitious roots contributing towards better establishment of seedling with broader and greener leaves. The growth regulator was lost its  effect by 2 or 3 weeks after sowing. All IBA concentrations also did not  show any significant differences on growth parameters or have any detrimental effect on grain yield in all cultivar tested. IBA 10 mg l-1 was  sufficient in providing the required improvement in the rice seedlings.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT OF WET SEEDED RICE USING GA3 AND IBA AS SEED TREATMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Uma R. Sinniah ◽  
Mohd. Khanif Yusop ◽  
Rajan Amarthalingam
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Initial Stage

Direct seeding has some advantages compared to transplanting system in rice, however there are some constraints need to be addressed. One  constraint generally faced in the wet seeded rice is poor stand  establishment. The experiment was conducted to improve seedling  establishment by using selected growth regulators. Seeds of four rice  cultivars, i.e. Memberamo, Widas, MR 84, and MR 219 were treated with  GA3 (gibberellic acid-3) of 25, 50, and 100 mg 1-1, and IBA (indole-3  butyric acid) of 10, 20, and 40 mg l-1. Results showed that cultivar  response to GA3 was similar in all parameters observed, however the response of cultivars to IBA was different at the initial stage. In Indonesian cultivars (Memberamo and Widas), shoot length of IBA treated seedlings was comparable to the control, but the IBA treated seedlings of  Malaysian cultivars (MR 84 and MR 219) had slightly shorter shoots   compared to the control. GA3 as seed treatment induced favorable early emergence and shoot growth in the initial stage, but the shoots were  etiolated and resulted in susceptible to lodging even in the vegetative  stage. In comparison, exogenous application of IBA resulted in high number of adventitious roots contributing towards better establishment of seedling with broader and greener leaves. The growth regulator was lost its  effect by 2 or 3 weeks after sowing. All IBA concentrations also did not  show any significant differences on growth parameters or have any detrimental effect on grain yield in all cultivar tested. IBA 10 mg l-1 was  sufficient in providing the required improvement in the rice seedlings.

scholarly journals Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2224
Author(s):  
Mira Rahman ◽  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
H2o2 Content ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Different Levels

The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.

scholarly journals The Use of Germination Indices for Salinity Tolerance Classification of Pepper Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Gamze Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Germination Indices

The study aimed to evaluate the use of germination indices as a screening tool for salinity tolerance during germination and early seedling growth of pepper cultivars, and to distinguish the potential for genetic responses to salt tolerance. In the study, the seeds of seven pepper cultivars were germinated at increasing NaCl levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS/m and distilled water as the control treatment for 14 days. Germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination stress tolerance index (GSTI), seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI) were investigated. Results showed that germination percentage decreased with increasing NaCl levels while the highest germination percentage at 20 dS/m was 92% in BT Burdem with no significant reduction. Seedling growth of pepper cultivars was severely inhibited by increasing salinity stress. SFW was depressed depending on reduction in SL due to increasing NaCl. BT-Burli and BT İnce Sivri were the most tolerant cultivars to NaCl and they were used for genetic resources towards salinity. Seedling growth was much more sensitive to salinity than germination because of the highest percent reduction in seedling growth parameters. Among the parameters, GSTI gave the highest significant correlation coefficient with SL and SFW; indicating that it would be useful for estimating seedling growth. It was concluded that genotypic variation was observed among pepper cultivars for salinity tolerance and GSTI could be used for a predictor for salinity tolerance.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CADMIUM ON GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL CONTENTS OF TOMATO PLANTS

1970 ◽  
pp. 04-06
Author(s):  
A. Natarajan, P. Vijayarengan ◽  
M. Vijayaragavan
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Soil Cadmium ◽  
Loam Soil

The increasing concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg /kg) of soil cadmium on growth and biochemical contents in tomato plants were analysed on 30th sampling days. Control plants were maintained separately. Plants were grown in pots containing 3 kg of air dried sandy loam soil and treated with different concentrations (mg/kg) of cadmium (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ). Treatments decreased the growth parameters such as root and shoot length  and biochemical constituents such as, protein,(except, proline and  phenol content) contents in tomato plants compared to untreated plants. The shoot length of cadmium treated tomato plants was higher than the root length. proline and phenol content of root of  tomato plants was higher than the shoot.

HERBICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Ageratum conyzoides AGAINST PARTHENIUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Nimra Javaid ◽  
Arshad Javaid ◽  
Mukhtar Hussain Shah ◽  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Syed Muhammad Waleed
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Noxious Weed ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

This study was carried out to explore herbicidal potential of an asteraceous weed Ageratum conyzoides against an exotic noxious weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). Different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) of aqueous extracts of various parts of the tested weed were used in laboratory bioassays. ANOVA revealed the significant effect of plant part bioassay and extract concentration on germination as well as various root and shoot growth parameters. Leaf extract was found the most herbicidal where a 10% extract completely inhibited the germination and growth of parthenium. Root and inflorescence extracts were also highly inhibitory in suppressing the germination up to 89% and 95%, shoot length up to 80% and 89%, root length up to 86% and 91%, and plant biomass up to 89% and 98%, respectively. Stem extract showed the least herbicidal activity causing up to 46%, 59%, 73% and 37% reduction in germination, shoot length, root length and plant biomass, respectively. This study concludes that leaf, root and inflorescence extracts of A. conyzoides possess strong herbicidal potential against germination and growth of parthenium.

scholarly journals Effect of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Receptor Modulators on Anthropometric and Growth Parameters in Individuals with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review (OR36-08-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Alvarez ◽  
Julianna Bailey ◽  
Ellen Bowser ◽  
Kristen Farnham ◽  
Mark Mangus, Sr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Poor Growth

Abstract Objectives Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at high risk for malnutrition and poor growth. New drugs that modulate CF transmembrane receptor (CFTR) function are available, although their effects on anthropometric parameters are not clear. This systematic review aimed to determine if various CFTR modulator therapies affect weight and growth parameters in individuals with CF. Methods A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL and Embase databases for peer-reviewed, randomized controlled trials (RCT) published from January 2002 to May 2018 that examined the effect of CFTR modulation therapy on weight and growth parameters in children and adults with CF. Articles were screened for relevance, data was extracted and summarized, and risk of bias was assessed to determine the quality of evidence. Results A total of 612 original articles were identified, and 13 articles representing 10 RCTs were included in qualitative synthesis and three were included in quantitative synthesis. All but one RCT demonstrated low risk of bias. The targeted class of CFTR mutation varied by RCT. Studies indicated that, in children and adults with CF with class III mutations, ivacaftor treatment alone increased weight and BMI (4 RCTs), but it did not influence growth in individuals with class II (1 RCT) or class IV mutations (1 RCT). Treatment with ivacaftor + lumacaftor in adults homozygous for the F508del CFTR mutation (class II) increased BMI following 24 weeks of treatment (2 RCTs), but there was no effect in adults heterozygous for the mutation treated for 8 weeks (1 RCT). Treatment with lumacaftor + tezacaftor in individuals ages 12–20 years with class II mutations did not change growth parameters (1 RCT). Conclusions Effects of CFTR modulators on increasing weight and growth in individuals with CF are likely dependent on the therapy formulation (single vs combination therapy) and the targeted CFTR mutation. Whereas ivacaftor alone increases weight and growth parameters in individuals with class III mutations, ivacaftor + lumacaftor is more effective at increasing BMI in adults homozygous for the class II F508del CFTR mutation. Additional studies are needed to determine effects of other CFTR modulator drugs on growth parameters in individuals with varying CFTR mutations. Funding Sources Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics/Medical Nutrition DPG, National Institutes of Health.

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation salinity on the growth and yield of two Aus rice cultivars of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Khanam ◽  
Nahid Akhtar ◽  
MA Halim ◽  
Feroza Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Pot Culture

The experiment was conducted to clarify the growth and yield response of two rice cultivars, BR55 and BR43 under salt stress. Six different concentrations of NaCl viz 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mM and distilled water (control) were applied on the rice cultivars which were grown under pot culture condition. Growth parameters like plant height, tiller number, leaf number and leaf area were negatively affected by salinity in both cultivars. Salt stress caused a significant reduction in yield in both cultivars of rice. Growth reduction was higher in BR43 than in BR55.The reduction in yield and yield parameters were found to be lower in BR55 than those in BR43. The results obtained in the present study suggest that BR55 showed higher salt tolerance than in BR43. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(2): 1-12, 2018 (December)

scholarly journals Bioconversion of Non Edible Vegetables from Market into Biofertilizer for Crop Improvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Geetha Karuppasamy ◽  
Michael Antony D'Couto ◽  
Anant Achary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Vigour Index

<p>The fruits and vegetables lost due to spoilage in the market can be converted to nutrient rich organic biofertilizer, vermicompost and worm tea. In this study, non-edible vegetables from market [French beans (S1), Lady’s fingers (S2) and Brinjal (S3)] were used for production of vermicompost and worm tea using <em>Eisenia fetida</em> for environmental friendly management and recycling, as value added product for crop production. Vermicomposting was carried out in four bins. Three bins (S1, S2 &amp; S3) consisted of individual pre-digested vegetables and the fourth bin (S4) was set up with a mixture of all three pre-digested vegetables in equal proportions. Physico-chemical properties and essential nutrients like pH, temperature, moisture content, total organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and exchangeable potassium (K) of the pre-digested vegetables and/or compost were analysed at regular time intervals. There was around 6-10 fold increase in earthworm count at the end of vermicomposting. During vermicomposting, the N and P content of the compost showed 2 to 4 fold increase whereas 10 to 15 fold increase in K content was noticed. Low C:N ratio (4 to 9) was obtained for vermicompost VS4. The worm tea (vermi wash) and vermicompost collected were used for plant growth studies on <em>Vigna radiata</em> (Green gram). Growth parameters like germination percentage, vigour index, germination index (GI), shoot length (cm), root length (cm) and leaf length (cm) were studied. There was noticeable improvement in germination % (1.7 fold), vigour index (2.7 fold) and germination index. A 20 fold increase in shoot length was also seen in test plants when compared to control (2 fold). Statistical analysis of various growth parameters like root length and plant height indicated that vermicompost made with waste brinjal has a significant response with p ≤ 0.05. Based on the results obtained, waste brinjal, which is abundantly available locally can be economically converted to organic biofertilizers and used for soil and crop improvement. Through this study, a cost effective and environment friendly method for efficient utilization of market waste vegetables has been proposed for promoting plant growth and development.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of halopriming on four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of balochistan under saline conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1097
Author(s):  
Summi Buzdar ◽  
Ayesha Mushtaq ◽  
Sabeena Rizwan ◽  
Uzma Jabeen ◽  
Farrukh Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Silicon Sources

Priming effect of silicon sources (silica gel and sodium silicate) on the seeds of four wheat cultivars of Balochistan was studied to determine their effectiveness in increasing relative salt tolerance. The study depicts that all priming treatments of silicon sources (except sodium silicate 2%) enhanced germination and reduced mean germination time (MGT) of seeds in comparison to the control i.e. hydropriming. After germination, the young seedlings were grown in hydroponics in Hoagland’s culture solution under controlled conditions in non-saline and saline (100 mM NaCl) environments. All the growth parameters (root and shoot length, fresh and dry weights of plants and chlorophyll content of leaves) severely reduced in hydroprimed seeds under saline environments, although increased by priming seeds with silicon sources. Thus silica compounds have potential effects to break the seed dormancy and improve the growth of wheat under salinity stress.

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