scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the economic role of agriculture in the EU countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Z. Sojková ◽  
B. Stehlíková
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Eu Members ◽  
The Eu

The role of agriculture within the frame of the enlarged EU is analysed in this paper. There is a requirement to perceive the tendency towards the downgrading of the status of agriculture in the national economy of the EU countries with the respect of the differences in the importance of agriculture mainly in the countries that are the new EU members. The role of agriculture is characterised by the following indices: share of the agricultural employees in the total employment, share of the added value of  agriculture in the GDP, and index of the value added per one agricultural worker. These indices are the base for the construction of the “index of economic importance of the agriculture” which are the countries ranged by. A multidimensional classification of the countries was realised by the cluster analysis that divided the countries into three clusters accordingly to their similarity with regards to the importance of their agriculture in their national economy.

The Service Sector in the Economy in Poland and European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Walentyna Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Sector Theory ◽  
The Eu

The role of the service sector in the economy is increasing in the process of socio-economic development. This tendency has been confirmed and explained by the three-sector theory formulated by A.G.B. Fisher, C. Clark, and J. Fourastie. The main goal of the paper is to show development tendencies in service sectors in Poland and the EU countries and assess them in view of the three-sector theory. The share of the service sector in the total employment and in the total gross value added in the years 2005-2013/2014 will be analysed together with two sub-sectors including market and non-market services. The research shows that the share of the service sector in total employment and total gross value added has been recently increasing in Poland as well as in other EU countries, but there is a gap in this process between Poland and the most developed EU countries. Moreover, in Poland, the role of market services has been recently increasing much faster than the role of non-market services. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of cultural sphere development in the European Union countries as a factor of forming social capital and creative industries: experience for Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Marianna Kichurchak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
European Union ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The Eu

Taking into account the European integration course of Ukraine, it is necessary to evaluate the socio-economic conditions of cultural sphere development in the countries of the European Union, because it is an integral part of creative industries and improvement of social capital. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors of cultural sphere development in the EU countries due to its importance for the system of creative industries and the process of social capital accumulation, outlining the possibilities of European experience adaptation in this sphere for Ukraine. The scientific and methodology approaches were developed to the definition of cultural sphere development factors in the EU countries from the point of view of its influence on the formation of social capital and creative industries. A comparative analysis of socio-economic development of cultural sphere in 2011-2019 was realized, including evaluation of spatial differences in its functioning on the base of variation indicators calculating and tracking their dynamics. The specification of multiple regression models was done, in which the explained variables became employment in cultural sphere (Y1) and the value of its gross value added (Y2). It is found out that the place and significance of the cultural sphere for the national economy of each EU country differ, whereas the environment of its functioning is relatively stable, which contributes to the formation of proper conditions for the accumulation of social capital and the development of creative industries. It is substantiated that spatial differences in cultural sphere development have been intensified in the EU countries due to the different intensity of social capital and creative industries network formation. The multiple regression analysis revealed that a number of explanatory variables (demographic situation, tourism activity, unemployment rate, and education index) influence employment and gross value added of the cultural sphere. It is determined that for the cultural sphere of Ukraine, taking into account the European integration and experience of the EU countries, it is important to ensure the stability of cultural sphere, minimize the effects of the demographic crisis, promote tourism development, and regulate the employment policy, which, due to synergy, will influence the social capital and the positions of creative industries in the national economy.

scholarly journals The role of independent fiscal councils in improving fiscal performance of the European Union countries

Equilibrium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-630
Author(s):  
Anna Wildowicz-Giegiel
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Fiscal Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Independent fiscal councils are an example of new fiscal institutions, the number of which has rapidly increased around the world, including the EU countries since the global financial crisis of 2008–09. A further deterioration of public finance has provoked many economists to intensify disputes regarding the optimal shape, functions and effectiveness of fiscal councils responsible for promoting sound fiscal policy. Given this, a research focus on independent fiscal councils, active in the public debate in Europe, seems intellectually attractive. Purpose of the article: This article aims to explore the impact of Independent Fiscal Councils on fiscal performance, paying particular attention to their mandate, tasks and institutional models which can strengthen the achievement of fiscal discipline in the EU countries. In connection with this, the question arises about the effectiveness of fiscal councils, especially in the case of institutions that were compulsorily created under the external pressure (at the European level) and found no strong political support in national parliaments. Methods: Descriptive analysis along with panel data analysis were implemented to show the role of fiscal councils in enhancing fiscal discipline in the EU countries in years 2006–17 on the basis of data collected by the European Commission. Findings & Value added: The improvement in fiscal performance and better macroeconomic and budgetary forecasts can be achieved thanks to well-designed fiscal councils supported by appropriate fiscal rules. The conducted analysis confirms that independent fiscal councils are the useful mechanism introducing indirect social control over government revenues and expenditures. This means greater fiscal transparency and lower fiscal illusion between the government and the electorate. Due to the increase in the transparency of public finance, it is possible to reduce the ‘partisan’ deficit bias that contributes to public debt growth. The empirical research extends the existing knowledge on the role of fiscal councils and their impact on fiscal performance.

The importance of large enterprises for the development of the furniture industry in the selected EU countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Emila Grzegorzewska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Large Enterprises

The importance of large enterprises for the development of the furniture industry in the selected EU countries. In theoretical and empirical research, the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economic development of the country is usually explicitly emphasized, highlighting their importance for innovation and competitiveness of the economy. However, despite the small percentage of companies employing over 249 persons in most industries, these enterprises generate a significant value of industrial production and to a large extent create jobs. The main purpose of the research was to assess the importance of large companies for the development of the furniture industry in the selected EU countries. Five European Community countries were selected for the research, which are among the largest furniture manufacturers (Italy, Germany, Poland, Great Britain and France). A comparative analysis was carried out against all Member States of the Community, and the time range of the research covered the years 2010-2017. The analysis shows that overall, the importance of large enterprises for the development of the EU furniture industry has increased, although these trends were varied in analysed countries. The countries selected for the analysis play a significant role in creating value in production and jobs in the EU furniture industry. Enterprises with the highest level of employment are of great importance for the increase in production and the development of the labour market in this industry. These economic entities constituted less than 1% of the total functioning enterprises. The added value per employee in enterprises employing over 249 persons in the EU was clearly higher than the average for business entities in general.

scholarly journals Covid 19 as a factor damping globalization trends - structural analysis of local extrema at the level of EU countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Josef Botlík
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Local Extrema ◽  
The Eu

Research background: The authors participate in the creation of a model for monitoring and predicting the behavior of autonomous systems on a selected infrastructure for the analysis of current phenomena. Covid 19 dampens globalization trends and processes, especially free movement. The primary research aim was to identify changes in Covid19 indicators in area. The secondary aim was to find agreement in the behavior of selected globalization factors. Purpose of the article: For the presented analysis, a research question was expressed how the EU states reacted to the change of local extremes of the pandemic. The paper presents spatial changes in the number of infected and dead in EU countries over time and compares these changes with selected changes in population movements and changes selected economic indicators. Methods: Notably daily, monthly and quarterly data from Eurostat, OECD, ECDC and WHO at the level of EU countries were used for the analysis. Local extremes were identified by comparison, precedence analysis, structural analysis and simulation. Findings & Value added: The added value of the paper lies in the chosen method, which identifies local extremes using structural analysis in a geospatial context. In most cases, global analyzes fail to take into account the links between the analyzed factors and the geopolitical location of the region. The work presents the possibilities of analysis using precedent modeling, through which analyzes can be performed with respect to geographical links. The output is the identification of EU countries according to responses to changes in pandemic factors.

scholarly journals Impact of Globalization and Internationalization Processes on Added Value in EU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 09008
Author(s):  
Yaroslava Kostiuk ◽  
Eva Kalinová ◽  
Jiří Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Enterprise Size ◽  
The Eu

Research Background: The paper focuses on the specification of categories of the globalization and internationalization process in terms of origin, development, definition and content. Using European Commission statistics for the period 2013-2017, the EU28 countries are divided into countries that started the EU (Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg) and countries that joined the EU before 2000 (Denmark, Norway, Finland, Portugal, Austria, Greece, Spain, Sweden, Great Britain), and other countries of the so-called former Eastern bloc (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland). For such defined EU countries, a different level of involvement in the globalizing common economy of the European Union as well as a different level of involvement in foreign markets, depending on the level of national economies, can be expected. Purpose of the Article: A test set of 338,788 companies from across the EU was used to analyse value added associated with each indicator (value added at factor cost, gross (average) value added per person employed, number of workers, enterprise size classes and selected industries, namely manufacturing, construction, engineering, transportation and logistics). The membership of the countries in the European Monetary Union was also taken into account. Methods: Mathematical and statistical methods of correlation analysis and paired T-test were used for value added analysis. Findings & Value Added: The outputs of the analysis indicated a high level of statistical conclusive evidence in terms of the impact of value added on each enterprise size class across the sectors concerned as well as on the structure of production and the number of active workers.

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF TOTAL GDP AND NUMBER OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE EU-28

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Štaka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

Micro, small and medium enterprises play a major role in the country's economic growth and development. The connection and correlation of GDP and the number of small and medium-sized companies represents a key not only economic but also social role of EU countries. This paper seeks to explore small and medium enterprises as an important role in economic growth and development. Micro, small and medium enterprises play a very important role in the economic development of the country, which is the reason for many studies and analyzes. In addition to contributing to gross domestic product creation, they also play a key social role as they reduce unemployment. The aim of this paper is to assess the relationship between the components of gross domestic product (GDP) and the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the EU-28 in the years 2009-2019. To achieve this goal, we reviewed the literature, presented statistical data that confirm the importance of these companies in economic development, such as: indicator of entrepreneurship (calculated as the number of SME companies per 1000 inhabitants), participation of SMEs in creating added value. We have presented this data for selected EU countries. Material and methods of work will be performed statistical analysis of data collected for SMEs in the EU and thus enable verification of the hypothesis set in the paper. Secondary data downloaded from the Eurostat site will be used. Based on the downloaded data and the application of a simple regression model, a universal and original model will be presented. Before presenting the model, a correlation will be made in order to present the comprehensiveness of the model. The model will be presented in the form of a function, which will have the value of parameters on the basis of which the influence of independent variables on dependent ones will be determined. The results and conclusions are presented at the end of the paper. The results of the research confirm the theoretical significance and role of small and medium enterprises, as well as the need for their internalization and growth into global market leaders. If the unemployment rate increases by 1 unit (if one person loses his job) in the EU, it will cause a decrease in total domestic value (GDP) by 0.509 units. Every new unemployed worker will cost the EU so much unproduced output and new added value. Assuming that there is no unemployment in the EU, ie that the rate is equal to 0, the EU would produce a gross domestic value of 16,135 euros (note: only the impact and the relationship between the unemployment rate and GDP is taken into account here). Thus, it is clear how much costs and effects unemployment has on the gross domestic product and economic policy of EU countries.

scholarly journals The Economic Contribution of Agriculture in Delaware

1996 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo V. Tanjuakio ◽  
Steven E. Hastings ◽  
Peter J. Tytus
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
State Economy ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Production Agriculture ◽  
Economic Contribution

The decreasing share of production agriculture in the U.S. economy in general and Delaware in particular has raised questions about the amount of government resources being spent on the local agricultural sector. A basic question in the debate is: “What is the real economic contribution of agriculture?” This study looks at the economic role of agriculture in Delaware, presenting different perspectives of what agriculture is and what it contributes to the state economy. Based on three definitions of agriculture, the economic impacts as measured by shares to total employment, output, and value added were estimated using IMPLAN, an input-output modeling software. In each economic impact measure, the share of the local agricultural sector to the total Delaware economy ranged from around 2% to 6% in 1991.

scholarly journals The multiplier effects of the Finnish sugar sector

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ellen Huan-Niemi ◽  
Marja Knuuttila
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Sugar Chain ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Multiplier Effects ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

Background information on the economic role of industries is crucial to policy and decision makers due to the involvement of public financing. At the provincial and municipal level, the economic role of industries is crucial for employment and tax revenues that sustain the livelihood of the provinces and municipalities in Finland. This study employed an input-output model (IO model) to answer the question on the linkages between the sugar sector with the different industries in the economy and how much production, value-added and employment would be lost if the sugar sector in Finland would disappear totally. The IO-model would produce the direct, indirect and induced economic effects usually referred to as the multiplier effects of the sugar sector. The gross output of sugar beet production is approximated at about € 33million, and the value-added sugar beet production is estimated at € 17.2 million. The output of the sugar factories is approximated to be € 165.7 million, and the value-added is estimated at € 39.6 million. Even though the effects of primary sugar beet production and sugar factory production including multiplier effects seem rather small compared to the total effects at the regional level, the actual effects are felt at the municipalities level in the form of decreasing tax revenues and unemployment if the sugar sector in Finland disappears and is not substituted for by other forms of production and industry. The output effects of the sugar chain production including sugar beet production, sugar factories and sugar utilizing industries totals € 14 371.0 million when indirect multiplier effects € 8 258.3 million in addition to direct effects € 6 112.7 million are taken into account. The value-added effects of the sugar chain production totals € 4 451.5 million when indirect value-added effects € 2 857.7 million in addition to direct value-added effects € 1 593.8 are taken into account. The employment effects of the sugar chain production totals 58 733 persons as the indirect employment effects 37 979 persons in addition to direct effects 20 754 persons are taken into account. As far as employment effects are concerned, the number of employees does not refer to full-time employees, but included also all those who are involved at any stages of the sugar chain production. The indirect effects include multiplier effects due to both household spending and intermediate input purchases. Hence, if the sugar utilizing industries are included in the production chain, the multiplier effects are considerable. There is data to prove that without domestic production, the sugar price is higher for Ireland compared to the other EU member states due to imperfections in the EU sugar market after the reform of the EU sugar regime in 2006. The sugar price for consumers in Ireland is the highest compared to the United Kingdom (UK), Finland and Germany. The UK and Finland are not self-sufficient in producing sugar for the domestic market, but Germany has been always producing over its self-sufficiency limit. Therefore, the consumers in Germany enjoy the lowest price for sugar compared to Ireland, Finland and the UK. Due to the existing domestic sugar production in Finland and the UK, the price of sugar is lower in these countries compared to Ireland.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL BUSINESS IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Iryna Skorokhod ◽  
Lyudmyla Hrynchuk
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Status ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. The article deals the impact of European integration on the development of ecological business in Ukraine. The Association of Ukraine and the EU implies adaptation and reforms not only in economy, but also in others areas, including ecology. The factors of influence and their consequences on the development of environmental business in the state are investigated. The main obstacles for using the experience of the EU countries are highlighted. Prospects of further using of "green enterprise" methods in Ukraine are considered. Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the essence, forms, stages of formation and innovative forms of the ecological business; to analyze the experience of ecological business and its regulation in the EU countries; to characterize the status and the impact of European integration on ecological business in Ukraine. Method (methodology). Methods of analogy and comparison are used in the study of problematic aspects of Ukraine and the EU in the field of ecology. Statistical methods are used for analyzing the dynamics of indicators of the development of ecological business in the state. Systematic approach is used for explaining strategic guidelines and identifying further promising ways for the development of ecological business in Ukraine. Results. The main aspects of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU have been analyzed. The main directions of further development of common cooperation have been singled out. The proposals of improving the position of Ukrainian eco-goods and services on the European market have been substantiated.

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