scholarly journals Rootstock genotype determines phenol content in apple fruits

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 234-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kviklys ◽  
M. Liaudanskas ◽  
V. Janulis ◽  
P. Viškelis ◽  
M. Rubinskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Apple Fruits ◽  
Dwarf Rootstocks

The effect of weather conditions and eleven apple rootstocks was studied on the phenol content in fruits. Super-dwarf rootstocks P 61 and P 22 determined the highest content of all phenolic compounds tested. Dwarf rootstocks M.9, P 62 and semi-dwarf M.26 determined lower content of all phenolic compounds tested. The content of (+)-catechin, procyanidin B1 and total procyanidins content in apple fruits depended on rootstock genotype and high variation coefficient of these compounds between rootstocks was established. Rootstocks had a lesser effect on the content of quercitrin, (–)-epicatechin, total catechins, phloridzin and chlorogenic acid. No clear differences were found between super-dwarf, dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstock groups. Conditions during the growing season, yield and fruit weight impacted on the content of bioactive compounds. Less than 10% difference in total phenols between the growing seasons was recorded for M.26 and P 22. The greatest differences were recorded in the fruits from trees grown on M.9, Pure 1 and P 66 rootstocks. Rootstock B.396 determined the most stable content of all compounds analysed, except for procyanidin B1 and B2.

scholarly journals Changes in the concentration of phenolic compounds of ‘Pinot Noir’ grapes and base wines prepared from it

2020 ◽  
pp. 260-265
Author(s):  
Владимир Арамович Маркосов ◽  
Наталья Михайловна Агеева ◽  
Олег Васильевич Ничвидюк ◽  
Армен Юрьевич Даниелян ◽  
Виктор Викторович Тургенев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Coloring Agents ◽  
Grape Varieties

Исследован технологический запас фенольных веществ винограда сорта Пино нуар в зависимости от погодных условий вегетационного периода 2017-2019 годов в сравнении с сортом Каберне-Совиньон. Показано, что кроме массовой концентрации сахаров и титруемых кислот установление технологического запаса фенольных соединений должно быть важнейшим критерием для определения срока сбора красных сортов винограда. Установлено существенное влияние погодных условий (температура и количество осадков) на технологический запас фенольных соединений, в том числе красящих веществ. Представлены экспериментальные данные о существенном изменении количества красящих веществ в обоих сортах винограда в зависимости от метеорологических факторов в период вегетации. Показано различие в динамике созревания и накопления фенольных соединений сортами Пино нуар и Каберне-Совиньон. Установлены особенности изменения концентрации суммы фенольных соединений и красящих веществ в виноматериалах в процессе их хранения в зависимости от сорта винограда и их исходных концентраций: большая сохранность фенольных соединений выявлена в виноматериалах Пино нуар, особенно произведенных в 2019 г. Неодинаковые сроки созревания винограда и накопления технологического запаса красящих веществ в сезон виноделия урожаев 2017-2019 гг. зависят, по нашему мнению, не только от суммы активных температур и осадков вегетационного периода, но и от напряжения температуры во время интенсивного созревания винограда (июля, августа месяца 2019 г.). The technological stock of phenolic substances of ‘Pinot Noir’ grapes in comparison with ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ variety was investigated depending on the weather conditions of the growing season of 2017-2019. It is shown that in addition to the mass concentration of sugars and titratable acids, the establishment of a technological reserve of phenolic compounds should be the most important criterion for determining the timing of red grapes harvest. A significant impact of weather conditions (temperature and precipitation) on the technological supply of phenolic compounds, including coloring agents, is established. Experimental data on a considerable change in the quantity of coloring agents in both grape varieties depending on meteorological factors during the growing season are presented. The difference in the dynamics of ripening and accumulation of phenolic compounds by ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Cabernet-Sauvignon’ varieties is shown. There is a feature to change the concentration of the quantity of phenolic compounds and coloring agents in base wines in the process of storage depending on grape variety and their initial concentrations: great preservation of phenolic compounds is revealed in ‘Pinot Noir’ base wine, especially those produced in 2019. Different timing of grape ripening and accumulation of technological reserve of coloring agents during the season of 2017-2019 winemaking harvest depends, in our opinion, not only from the total amount of active temperatures and precipitation of the growing season, but also from the voltage of temperature during the intense ripening of grapes (July, August of 2019).

DESTRUCTIVE HYDROTHERMAL FACTORS OF THE GROWING SEASON ONE MONTH BEFORE HARVEST, INCREASING THE LOSS OF APPLE FRUITS FROM "SUNBURN" DURING STORAGE

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
А. L. Nikitin ◽  
М. А. Makarkina
Keyword(s):  
Calculated Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Warm Night ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
Apple Fruits

Weather conditions affect both the resistance of apple fruits to physiological disorders during their storage, and the decrease in resilience to them. The damage of the fruits of susceptible apple cultivars by "scald" (browning of the skin) at the end of storage is influenced by weather conditions 30 days before harvesting them. In hot weather During the hot day and warm night, the fruits are more affected by "tan". Losses increase if the sum of the average daily temperatures >+10° C for the month before harvesting exceeds the threshold of 360-380°C. The analysis of the damage to the fruits by “scald "of susceptible new scab-immune columnar apple cultivars of the VNIISPK breeding – Vostorg, Poesia and Priokskoye at the end of their storage in various years (2014, 2016, 2018) showed a close dependence of this disorder on the conditions of humidification of the active growing season a month before harvest, expressed using the indicator of the conditional moisture balance, i.e. Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (SHC). The damage to fruits by "sunburn" directly depends on the level of SHC. The dependence is approximated by the second-order parabola equation. The equations for calculating the quantitative losses of apple fruits from "scald" (at the end of storage) under hydrothermal conditions for a month before harvesting are obtained. The correlation relations between the empirically obtained and calculated data are from 0.99 to 1. The tops of the parabolas reflecting the maximum calculated damage of fruits by "scald" at the end of storage in relation to the coordinate axes have maximum peaks – from 11.17 (Priokskoye) to – 15.21-15.24% (for Vostorg and Poesia, respectively) with a SHC corresponding to dry conditions – 0.68; 0.69 and 0.70 (Priokskoye, Poesia and Vostorg, respectively). The higher the SHC, the lower the dependence curve and the damage to the fruits by "scald". The calculated data can be interpolated, and the SHC can be used as one of the predictor indicators that affect the quality of fruits during storage.

Differences in population dynamics of Bradybaena fruticum (O.F. Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Bradybaenidae) in a submontane and lowland area of Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Proćków ◽  
Elżbieta Kuźnik-Kowalska ◽  
Małgorzata Lewandowska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Fast Phase ◽  
Growing Seasons

Population dynamics of a meso-hygrophilous helicoid Bradybaena fruticum was studied in SW Poland at two localities with similar habitat but different climatic conditions. Unexpectedly, at the submontane site in Szczytna the growth appeared to be significantly faster than in the lowland site (Wrocław), where the weather conditions varied widely during the whole growing season. In Szczytna the average growth rate was 0.26 whorl/month; 0.36 whorl/month in the fast phase (juveniles from hatching till 5.0 whorls), and 0.07 whorl/month in the slow phase (snails with 5.1 whorls till lip formation). During the whole growing season, the average increment was 4.5 whorls, whereas the maximum was 5.45 whorls. In Wrocław the average growth rate was 0.05 whorl/month; 0.1 whorl/month in the fast phase, and only 0.01 whorl/month in the slow phase. The average growth of juveniles, estimated during two growing seasons, equalled 3.8 whorls; the maximum recorded value was 4.75 whorls. In the winter there was hardly any growth. In earlier studies it was found that at higher altitude the growth rate seems to decrease and therefore appears to be correlated with the thermal regime of the locality. In this study it was established that the weather patterns, like months with drought or occasional flooding, are likely to influence the population dynamics in the lowland population.

Effect of paclobutrazol on flower-bud production and vegetative growth in two species of Eucalyptus

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Griffin ◽  
P. Whiteman ◽  
T. Rudge ◽  
I.P. Burgess ◽  
M. Moncur
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Response Assessment ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Quality Choice

A series of experiments on field-grown seed-derived trees between 2 and 17 years old demonstrated that the growth regulator paclobutrazol could be used to reduce vegetative growth and enhance flower-bud production in Eucalyptusglobulus Labill. and Eucalyptusnitens (Dean & Maid.) ex Maid. Responses to high levels of trunk injection and collar drenching persisted for up to six growing seasons, yielding both increases in frequency of flowering and heaviness of bud crop. Growth responses were expressed in the immediate growing season, but flowering responses were not evident for another year. Foliar spray treatments reduced vegetative growth in young trees of both species for one growing season, but only the E. globulus showed an associated flowering response. Assessment of seed yield per capsule and subsequent germination tests showed no deleterious effects on seed development or quality. Choice of application method will vary with objective and size of tree. Collar drenching shows the most promise for treating large numbers of seed orchard trees because application time is substantially independent of tree size and weather conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of weather on the spring crops yield in Croatia with emphasis on climatic change and the 2014 growing season

2016 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Vlado Kovacevic ◽  
Jasna Sostaric
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Crops Yield ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Main field crops in Croatia are maize, soybean, sunflower and sugar beet. By these crops are covered (status 2014) close to 50% (385 234 ha) of utilized arable land. Global warming, have often adverse influence on field crop yields. Aim of this study was testing precipitation and temperature regimes on spring crops yield in Croatia in 15-year period (1999–2013) and elaboration of the 2014 growing season with aspect of climatic change. Four growing seasons (2000, 2003, 2007 and 2012) were less favorable for maize because annual yield was bellow 5 t ha-1 (average 4.38 t ha-1), while in four more favorable years (2005, 2008, 2009 and 2010) annual yield was above 6.8 t ha-1 (average 7.32 t ha-1). Average precipitation and temperature for the April-September period in Osijek were 226 mm and 496 mm, 19.6 oC and 18.6 oC, for less and more favorable years, respectively. Yields of soybeans and sugar beet have mainly similar trend as maize yields in function of weather conditions, while sunflower is more susceptible to extremely moist growing seasons (for example, 2001 and 2005: 650 mm and 697 mm precipitation and very low yields in level 1.7 and 1.6 t ha-1, respectively). On the other side, under drought conditions of 2003, 2007 and 2012, yields of sunflower were above average in range from 2.5 to 2.7 t ha-1), while at same period yields of maize, soybean and sugar beet were drastically reduced. Average precipitation in the April-September period of 2014 for eight selected sites of Croatia was 756 mm or for 68% higher in comparison with the long-term average 1961–1990 with variation among the sites from 520 mm in Osijek to 910 mm in Varazdin. On the other side, average air-temperature in 2014 was 17.8 oC or for 0.7 oC higher with variations among the sites from 17.2 oC in Daruvar and Varazdin to 18.2 oC in Osijek and 18.3 oC in Gradiste. Under these favorable weather conditions, annual yields of maize (8.1 t ha-1), soybeans (2.8 t ha-1) , sunflower (2.9 t ha-1) and sugar beet 63.6 t ha-1) were considerable higher than usual.

Forest Ecosystem as a Source of Co2 During Growing Season: Relation to Weather Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klára Taufarová ◽  
Kateřina Havránková ◽  
Alice Dvorská ◽  
Marian Pavelka ◽  
Marek Urbaniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Net Ecosystem Production ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Eddy Covariance Method ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Ecosystem Production ◽  
Hot Days ◽  
Carbon Balances ◽  
Co2 Release

Abstract Net ecosystem production reflects the potential of the ecosystem to sequestrate atmospheric CO2. Daily net ecosystem production of a mountain Norway spruce forest of the temperate zone (Czech Republic) was determined using the eddy covariance method. Growing season days when the ecosystem was a CO2 source were examined with respect to current weather conditions. During the 2005, 2006, and 2007 growing seasons, there were 44, 65, and 39 days, respectively, when the forest was a net CO2 source. The current weather conditions associated with CO2 release during the growing seasons were: cool and overcast conditions at the beginning or end of the growing seasons characterized by a 3-year mean net ecosystem production of -7.2 kg C ha-1 day-1; overcast or/and rainy days (-23.1 kg C ha-1 day-1); partly cloudy and hot days (-11.8 kg C ha-1 day-1); and overcast and hot days (-13.5 kg C ha-1 day-1). CO2 release was the highest during the overcast or/and rainy conditions (84%, average from all years), which had the greatest impact during the major production periods. As forests are important CO2 sinks and more frequent weather extremes are expected due to climate change, it is important to predict future forest carbon balances to study the influence of heightened variability in climatic variables.

scholarly journals Changes in quality of selected red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars during the growing season

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska ◽  
Maria Gawęda
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Health Related

ABSTRACT Red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) may be consumed at all stages of growth, both in the form of small early vegetable during spring and later, during winter, when stored. Therefore, knowledge of the dynamics of changes in the content of individual components in subsequent stages of growth is very important. The experiment was conducted for two consecutive growing seasons. The study included four cultivars of red beet ‘Boro’ F1, ‘Czerwona Kula’, ‘Nochowski’ and ‘Regulski Cylinder’. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of changes of selected components during the growing season. Particular attention was paid to the content of components having a positive impact on the quality of red beet, such as: antioxidant activity, the content of betalain pigments, soluble sugars and dry matter. On the basis of the survey it was demonstrated that the optimal harvest date of red beet roots, with respect to the favorable nutrient and health-related content, falls in the 8th and 11th week of the growing season depending on the weather conditions in a given year. A significant increase in the anti-radical activity, soluble sugars as well as betanin and vulgaxanthin (2009) was observed between the 6th and the 8th and also in the 11th week of the cultivation. A gradual drop in betanin to vulgaxanthin ratio was observed within the following weeks of the vegetation. On the basis of the research conducted we can conclude that the cultivar recommended for consumption is ‘Nochowski’.

scholarly journals The Effect of Organic vs. Conventional Cropping Systems on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Three Courgette Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1341
Author(s):  
Klaudia Kopczyńska ◽  
Renata Kazimierczak ◽  
Dominika Średnicka-Tober ◽  
Anna Szafirowska ◽  
Marcin Barański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Organically Grown ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Predominant Effect ◽  
Better Than

Courgette is a popular vegetable belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is known for its good adaptation to different weather conditions, although it performs best in a warm and humid climate. Since the yield and various quality characteristics of vegetables are known to be strongly influenced by a number of weather, agronomic, and genetic (variety/cultivar) factors, in this study we aimed to compare three cultivars of courgette (Atena, Lajkonik and Soraya) grown in two consecutive growing seasons in the organic and conventional agronomic systems. The concentrations of nitrates, nitrites, carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene) and chlorophylls (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b) in courgette fruits were analyzed by HPLC. The growing season had a predominant effect on the yield as well as the majority of the analyzed compositional parameters of the courgette fruits. The studied cultivars differed significantly in the concentration of lutein, β-carotene, and chlorophylls, although some significant interactions between the cultivar and the growing season were observed. On average, organically grown courgettes were characterized by a significantly higher yield, as well as higher dry matter and chlorophyll content, however, this agronomic system’s effect was not consistent among all the studied cultivars in the two seasons. The study suggests that organic practices have a potential to provide high yields of good quality crops, comparable (or, in the case of some parameters, better) than the conventional, resource-intensive horticulture.

scholarly journals WEATHER CONDITIONS IN THE 2013 -2015 GROWING SEASONS FOR MAIZE IN CROATIA AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlado Kovačević ◽  
Vojo Radić ◽  
Dario Iljkić ◽  
Jurica Jović ◽  
Meho Majdančić
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Maize is the main field crop on the arable lands in Croatia and Bosnia andHerzegovina (B&H). In the 2001-2010 period, maize was grown on 333,736 ha(average yield 6.50 t ha-1) in Croatia and 195,800 ha (4.42 t ha-1) in B&H. Yieldvariations among years were from 3.86 to 7.98 t ha-1 and from 2.74 to 5.13 t ha-1,respectively. Aim of this study was survey of maize yield and weather data(precipitation and mean air temperature) in Croatia and B&H in the 2013, 2014 and2015 growing seasons. Average yields of maize were 6.5, 8.1 and 6.5 t ha-1(Croatia), 4.0, 5.0 and 4.1 t ha-1 (B&H) in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.The 2014 growing season was very favorable for maize growth. Precipitation andtemperature in April-September period were as follows: 520 mm and 18.2oC(Osijek), 910 mm and 17.2oC (Varazdin), 731 mm and 18.5oC (Bijeljina), 1228 mmand 18.0oC (Banja Luka). These precipitation values are higher by 41% (Osijek),75% (Varazdin and Bijeljina), and 116% (Banja Luka) compared to averages 1961-1990. In extremely unfavorable 2012 (yield 4.34 and 2.74 t ha-1, in Croatia andB&H, respectively), precipitation and temperature at the same period were 293 mmand 20.0oC (Osijek), 461 mm and 18.8oC (Varazdin), 288 mm and 21.0oC(Bijeljina), 488 mm and 20.1oC (Banja Luka). However, in 2013 and 2015, yields,precipitation and temperature regimes in both countries were more close to averagevalues. Considerable variation of precipitation in the short 2012 -2014 period andhigher temperatures are in accordance with climate change.

Weed Control in Grape After Fall and Spring Application of Selected Herbicides

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorkel Kadir ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Weed Emergence ◽  
Fall Application

Soil-residual herbicides can be applied to the soil under grapevines during fall or spring before weed emergence. But, early spring moisture and warm weather conditions may enhance weed emergence before spring herbicide applications. Therefore, fall application of herbicide can be useful if the herbicides provide adequate weed control the following spring and summer. Fall and spring applications of oryzalin or norflurazon, applied alone or in combination with diuron, simazine, or oxyfluorfen, were evaluated for weed control in grape at Oskaloosa and Eudora in northeast Kansas in the 2002 to 2003 and 2003 to 2004 growing seasons. Weeds were not controlled adequately with oryzalin or norflurazon applied alone. At the end of the growing season, weed control was 10 to 20% greater when herbicides were applied in the spring than when applied in the fall. In addition, weed control with norflurazon was slightly greater than with oryzalin. In general, norflurazon or oryzalin applied in combination with simazine, diuron, or oxyfluorfen gave greater weed control than norflurazon or oryzalin applied alone. The greatest control was with norflurazon or oryzalin applied with oxyfluorfen. In general, all herbicide combinations provided similar weed control 4 mo after spring treatment in 2003 and 3 mo after spring treatment in 2004. This study showed that acceptable weed control can be achieved when norflurazon or oryzalin is applied with oxyfluorfen or diuron in the fall.

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