scholarly journals Effect of dietary glutamine, glucose and/or sodium butyrate on piglet growth, intestinal environment, subsequent fattener performance, and meat quality 

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 460-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hanczakowska ◽  
B. Niwińska ◽  
E.R. Grela ◽  
K. Węglarzy ◽  
K. Okoń
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Standard Mixture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
After Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Intestinal Weight

The effect of feed supplementing with glutamine, glucose and/or sodium butyrate was estimated on 156 piglets. The after-effect of supplements on fattener performance, carcass traits, and meat quality was examined. Piglets were allocated to 5 groups and fed standard feed mixture alone (control – C) or supplemented with 10 g of l-glutamine, or 10 g of glucose, or 3 g of sodium butyrate per kg of diet or all of these compounds (groups GT, GC, SB, and GT+GC+SB, respectively). Six piglets from each group were slaughtered at 63 days of age, their intestines were prepared and their parts measured. Digesta from ileum and caecum was taken for analysis. Its acidity and volatile fatty acids content were evaluated. Morphological structure of duodenal and ileal epithelium was estimated. After 84 days of age 20 animals from each group were fed the standard mixture. After 100 days of fattening 8 pigs from each group were slaughtered, pH of meat was measured, and samples of the longissimus muscle were taken for analysis. Body weight gains of piglets fed diets supplemented with SB or all supplements were higher than those of controls. All supplements given together increased total intestinal weight and length. Epithelial villi in jejunum were the highest in piglets receiving all supplements. Their height in the duodenum ranged from 296 to 347 µm and in the jejunum they were higher: 336 – 424 μm. After 100 days of fattening body weight of all experimental animals was higher than that of control. There was no significant difference in carcass and meat quality. Sodium butyrate added to the diet improved piglet performance probably due to changes in intestine development and in intestinal epithelium structure. This positive effect was enhanced to some extent by the addition of glutamine or glucose.

The effect of phytogenic feed additives on the performance, meat quality and coccidial infection rates of rabbits

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Lapiñski ◽  
Leszek Gacek ◽  
Joanna Gawroñska ◽  
Iwona Guja ◽  
Jerzy Kowal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Coccidial Infection ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Herbal Supplementation

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of herbal supplementation on rabbits’ health and production parameters. In experiment with herbal food additives, at 90 days of age animals fed with phytogenic additives (oregano, garlic and rosemary) had higher body weight compared to the group fed with coccidiostat. In experiment with herbal water additives (garlic extract or oregano) the phytobiotic supplementation had no effect on weight gains of animals. The highest body weight on slaughter day was obtained by rabbits drank water with garlic extract. Parasitological tests performed at 91 days of age showed that lowest average number of coccidia oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) in  “garlic” group (48.0 OPG) and the highest in control group (308.6 OPG). The research showed that feed with herbal supplementation is willingly eaten by rabbits, contributes to faster weight gains and has a positive effect on meat quality.

scholarly journals Legume Seeds and Rapeseed Press Cake as Replacers of Soybean Meal in Feed for Fattening Pigs

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Hanczakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Świątkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Yellow Lupin ◽  
Legume Seeds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Legume Protein ◽  
Finisher Diets

Abstract The possibility of replacing soybean meal with a mixture of legume seeds and rapeseed press cake (RPC) was evaluated on 60 pigs weighing about 30 kg at the beginning of the experiment. Pigs were allocated to 5 experimental groups. Group I (control) received standard feed mixture containing soybean meal as a main protein source. Next groups received rapeseed press cake (RPC) mixed with fodder pea (Pisum sativum var. Ramrod) - group II, field bean (Vicia faba var. Kasztelan) - group III, blue lupin (Lupinus angustifolius var. Regent) - group IV or yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus var. Mister) - group V. Soybean protein was replaced by experimental protein sources at about 30% in grower (17% legumes, 13% rapeseed press cake) and at 100% in finisher diets (experimental proteins in equal ratio accounted for about 55% of mixture protein). Limited feeding was used, water was available ad libitum. Half the animals in each group received mixtures supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes Ronozyme VP and Ronozyme WX. Apparent digestibility of feed nutrients was estimated using the balance method on 30 fatteners not used in the fattening experiment, weighing about 40 kg for grower and 70 kg for finisher diets. Gross composition of legume seeds and RPC, amino acid composition of their protein, glucosinolate content in RPC and tannin content in faba bean and alkaloids in lupins were analysed. Carcass traits and meat quality were also estimated. Legume protein content ranged from 19.6% (pea) to 39.8% (yellow lupin). RPC protein contained more sulphur amino acids than legume protein. There was no significant difference in protein and fat digestibility. Body weight gains of fatteners fed with blue lupin were comparable to controls but significantly lower than those of the remaining groups. Supplemental enzymes improved body weight gains of fatteners receiving field bean. There was no significant difference in carcass traits and meat quality except for sensory analysis. It is concluded that the mixture of RPC and legume seeds can replace soybean meal in fattener feed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Supplementing Sodium Butyrate Containing Feed with Glutamine and/or Glucose on the Structure of the Piglet Digestive Tract and Selected Blood Indices

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1127-1139
Author(s):  
Ewa Hanczakowska ◽  
Barbara Niwińska ◽  
Eugeniusz R. Grela ◽  
Karol Węglarzy ◽  
Krzysztof Okoń
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The effect of supplementing the standard piglet diet containing sodium butyrate with glutamine and/or glucose on the structure of the piglet digestive tract and the small intestine epithelium, acidity and volatile fatty acid content of its digesta was investigated. The free amino acids level, insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentration in the blood were also analysed. The experiment was performed on 156 piglets (15 litters) allocated to 5 experimental groups, 3 litters in each. Group I (C, negative control) received a basal mixture with no supplement. Group II (SB, positive control) was fed the same basal diet containing additionally 3 g of sodium butyrate per kg. Group III and IV, besides sodium butyrate, received additionally 10 g of glutamine (GT) or glucose (GC), respectively. The last group V received all these supplements, i.e. SB+GT+GC (3, 10, 10 g per kg, respectively). At 60 days of age, the piglets (6 animals from each group) were slaughtered and their intestines were measured and weighed. The piglets in group SB+GT+GC receiving all the supplements grew slightly faster than the others, and at the end of the experiment the differences in body weight were significant. The total intestinal mass of the piglets fed with glucose or all the supplements was significantly higher than that of the piglets receiving glutamine but there was no significant difference in the total length of intestines. There was also no significant difference in acidity of chyme along the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. Digesta in the jejunum of both control groups (C, SB) contained significantly more SCFA than the remaining groups. In the caecum their content in the negative control and the group fed with all supplements was significantly higher when compared to the butyrate and glucose group. In the duodenum villus height was similar in all the groups but in the jejunum it was significantly higher in the group receiving all supplements than in other groups. Free amino acids level was lowest in the piglets receiving glucose but there was no difference between the remaining groups. The lowest level of IGF-1 was found in the same group and this difference was significant when compared with remaining groups, except C. It is concluded that glutamine and glucose, when given together with sodium butyrate, improve the structure of piglet jejunum epithelium and average body weight gains. A supplement of glucose significantly lowers free amino acid content and IGF-1 level in piglet blood.

PSII-13 Supplemental Effects of Unrefined Fish Oil, Powdered/Coated Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Growth Performance in Weaner Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 164-166
Author(s):  
Santi Devi Upadhaya ◽  
Hyun Ju Park ◽  
Inho Kim ◽  
Hong Ik Jung ◽  
Yanjiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract A total of 18 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with an average body weight of (within 24 h after farrowing) were used for a 5- week experiment to determine the effects of varying dietary Valine, Lysine (V:L) ratios on performance and fecal score in lactating sows and litters. Sows were raised in individual pens, and assigned to one of three experimental diets consisting different concentration of Valine, Lysine ratios (0.83%, 0.85% and 0.88%). sows body weight was significantly improved by 0.85% valine and lysine ratio compared to 0.85% and 0.88%. However, no significant difference were observed on sows body weight loss, back fat thickness, average daily feed intake and days to return to estrus of sows during the three experiment period. In addition, growth performance of piglet weaning weight were significantly improved by 0.85% valine and lysine ratio compared to 0.85% and 0.88%. Morever, piglet average daily gain was significantly increased 0.88% valine and lysine ratio compared to 0.83% and 0.85%. The three dietary treatments had a significant differences (P>0.05) on fecal score of sows, farrowing and 14 d old age piglets were significantly observed by valine and lisiune ratio. In conclusion, Valine, Lysine had no positive effects on the fecal score of sows and litter during lactation and also no positive effect on gut and its microflora.

scholarly journals The influence of dietary inclusion of wood vinegar supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in grower-finisher pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmugam Sureshkumar ◽  
Vetriselvi Sampath ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
The Body ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Significant Difference

The current research aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of wood vinegar on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality of grower-finisher pigs. In total, 132 crossbred ({Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc}) grower-finisher pigs with an initial average body weight 30.48±4.23 kg (11 replications/treatment; 4 pigs/pen) were used in a 16-week trial. Based on the body weight and sex the pigs were randomly assigned to three treatments. Dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.05% and 0.1% wood vinegar. The inclusion of dietary wood vinegar supplementation significantly improved the body weight gain (BWG) and average daily gain (ADG) (P=0.0521; 0.043) of pigs at week 16. The total track nutrient digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen was linearly increased in pigs fed with an increased amount of wood vinegar. In addition, dietary supplementation of wood vinegar linearly improved longissimus muscle area, yellowness (b*) of the meat color, and carcass weight (P<0.05) and a tendency in linear reduction was observed for water holding capacity (P=0.068), and drip loss at d5 and d7 (P=0.091, 0.069). However, there was no significant difference found for lean meat percentage and backfat thickness in this experiment. In summary, dietary inclusion of wood vinegar supplementation enhanced growth performance and total track digestibility of nutrients and had no effects on lean meat percentage and backfat thickness of grower-finisher pigs.

P-Removal in Completely Mixed Systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 325-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J. G. W. Donker ◽  
P. Opic ◽  
H. P. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Mixed System ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aerobic Reactor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Mixed Systems ◽  
P Removal

Ca. 60 % of the Dutch activated sludge plants consist of completely mixed systems, experiments have been carried out in completely mixed pilot plants to study the biological P-removal. The research was carried out in two pilot plants. The pilot plants consisted of: anaerobic reactor, anoxic reactor, aerobic reactor and a clarifier. All the reactors were completely mixed. Both plants were fed with settled domestic waste water at a sludge loading of 400 and 250 g COD/kg sludge.day respectively. The results are given below:sludge loading (g COD/kg sludge.day)400400250ratio Anaerobic : Anoxic : Aerobic1: 1:2,71:1:4,11:1:2,7P-removal (%)802875N-removal (%)505065COD-removal (%)858585 It has been shown that there is no significant difference between the results at the two different sludge loadings. Remarkable is the difference between the ratio 1:1:2,7 in combination with the internal recirculation flow anoxic-anaerobic of 160 % and the ratio 1:1:4,1 with a recirculation flow of 30 %. During the start-up at a sludge loading of 250 g COD/kg sludge.day and an internal recirculation flow of 30 %, bulking sludge developed almost immediately. The Premoval was completely disturbed. Increasing the internal recirculation flow to 160% had a positive effect on settling properties and P-removal. This investigation has pointed out that a completely mixed system is suitable for biological P-removal, without negatively affecting the nitrification. Important factors in the process are the ratio anaerobic:anoxic:aerobic and the recirculation flows.

scholarly journals Lean body weight versus total body weight to calculate the iodinated contrast media volume in abdominal CT: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Zanardo ◽  
Fabio Martino Doniselli ◽  
Anastassia Esseridou ◽  
Massimiliano Agrò ◽  
Nicol Antonina Rita Panarisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Objectives Iodinated contrast media (ICM) could be more appropriately dosed on patient lean body weight (LBW) than on total body weight (TBW). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, trial registration NCT03384979, patients aged ≥ 18 years scheduled for multiphasic abdominal CT were randomised for ICM dose to LBW group (0.63 gI/kg of LBW) or TBW group (0.44 gI/kg of TBW). Abdominal 64-row CT was performed using 120 kVp, 100–200 mAs, rotation time 0.5 s, pitch 1, Iopamidol (370 mgI/mL), and flow rate 3 mL/s. Levene, Mann–Whitney U, and χ2 tests were used. The primary endpoint was liver contrast enhancement (LCE). Results Of 335 enrolled patients, 17 were screening failures; 44 dropped out after randomisation; 274 patients were analysed (133 LBW group, 141 TBW group). The median age of LBW group (66 years) was slightly lower than that of TBW group (70 years). Although the median ICM-injected volume was comparable between groups, its variability was larger in the former (interquartile range 27 mL versus 21 mL, p = 0.01). The same was for unenhanced liver density (IQR 10 versus 7 HU) (p = 0.02). Median LCE was 40 (35–46) HU in the LBW group and 40 (35–44) HU in the TBW group, without significant difference for median (p = 0.41) and variability (p = 0.23). Suboptimal LCE (< 40 HU) was found in 64/133 (48%) patients in the LBW group and 69/141 (49%) in the TBW group, but no examination needed repeating. Conclusions The calculation of the ICM volume to be administered for abdominal CT based on the LBW does not imply a more consistent LCE.

scholarly journals You are what you eat: relative importance of diet, gut microbiota and nestmates for honey bee, Apis mellifera, worker health

Apidologie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Retschnig ◽  
Johannes Rich ◽  
Karl Crailsheim ◽  
Judith Pfister ◽  
Vincent Perreten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Worker Health ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractIn eusocial honey bees, Apis mellifera, diet, gut microbiota and nestmates can all contribute to the health of freshly emerged individual workers, but their relative importance for longevity and body weight is currently unknown. Here, we show that diet is most relevant, followed by gut microbiota and the presence of nestmates. Freshly emerged workers were randomly assigned to eight treatments (with or without honey/pollen, protein-substitute lactalbumin, antibiotic tetracycline and nestmates for 24 h) and maintained under standardised laboratory conditions. Longevity and food consumption were measured daily and fresh body weight was assessed at day 7. The data show a significantly better survival and a higher body weight in workers supplied with honey/pollen. Survival was higher in the lactalbumin treatments compared to the ones restricted to sucrose only, but lower compared to those with honey/pollen, highlighting the importance of micronutrients. In contrast, antibiotic treatment had a significant negative effect on longevity and body weight, which may be explained by inactivated gut microbiota and/or toxicity of the antibiotics. There was no positive effect of nestmates, probably due to the short exposure period. In contrast, nestmates showed a negative effect on survival in antibiotic-treated workers, possibly by transmitting pathogens and antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis. In conclusion, a macro- and micronutrient-rich diet appears to be the key to individual honey bee worker health. Providing an optimal diet and possibly gut microbiota appears to be a promising way to promote managed A. mellifera health.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Oral Nutritional Supplements on Older People with Anorexia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Mengqi Li ◽  
Si Zhao ◽  
Shuang Wu ◽  
Xiufen Yang ◽  
Hui Feng
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Older People ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Oral Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Positive Effect

Background: Nutrition plays an important role in maintaining the overall health of older people. Inadequate intake may lead to impaired body function, higher morbidity, and mortality. Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) showed positive effect on the nutritional status of the elderly; however, systematic evidence is currently lacking on the effect of ONS on the elderly with anorexia. Aims: The current systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled trial (RCT) articles to investigate the effectiveness of ONS on the main aspects of anorexia of aging (AA). Methods: By using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, researchers independently searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and other gray literature resources for publications that met the inclusion criteria by October 2020. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools were used for quality assessment. The inverse-variance method was used for the fixed model (FM) while the DerSimonian–Laird method was used for the random model (RM). Respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for indices in terms of effect size (ES). Results: 2497 records were found through the systematic search, while 17 RCTs (n = 1204) were included, with a mean age of 81.9 years (range: 74–87 years). Supplementation occurred in the morning, mid-day, and evening, while the times varied from one to three times a day. The results of meta-analysis showed that, generally, ONS had a positive effect on the overall appetite, MD = 0.18, 95% CI (0.03, 0.33), p = 0.02, and consumption, MD = 1.43, 95% CI (0.01, 2.86), p = 0.05; but not significant in terms of other aspects of appetite: hunger, p = 0.73; fullness, p = 0.60; desire to eat, p = 0.80; preoccupation, p = 0.15. Additionally, it showed an increase in the overall energy intake, SMD = 0.46, 95% CI (0.29, 0.63), p < 0.001, in protein intake, SMD = 0.59, 95% CI (0.16, 1.02), p = 0.007, and in fat intake, MD = 3.47, 95% CI (1.98, 4.97), p < 0.001, while no positive effect was found on carbohydrates intake, p = 0.06. Significance differences were also found in the body weight, SMD = 0.53, 95% CI (0.41, 0.65), p < 0.001, and body mass index (BMI), MD = 0.53, 95% CI (0.12, 0.95), p = 0.01. Moreover, subgroup analyses were conducted according to the nutrient density with no positive results showed except for the low-density ONS on overall energy intake. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that ONS had beneficial effects on overall appetite, energy intake, body weight and BMI.

Impact of Weight-Band Dosing of Tinzaparin for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis on Persistent Wound Drainage in Adult Patients Undergoing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
pp. 106002802110242
Author(s):  
Cassandra Cooper ◽  
Ouida Antle ◽  
Jennifer Lowerison ◽  
Deonne Dersch-Mills ◽  
Ashley Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Total Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Thromboembolism Prophylaxis ◽  
Wound Drainage ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Persistent wound drainage and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are potential complications of total joint arthroplasty, and these risks can be challenging to balance in clinical practice. Anecdotal observation has suggested that following joint arthroplasty, persistent wound drainage occurs more frequently with higher body weight and higher doses of tinzaparin when compared with lower body weight and lower doses of tinzaparin. Objective: The overall purpose of this study was to describe the impact of a tinzaparin weight-band dosing table for VTE prophylaxis on wound healing, thrombosis, and bleeding outcomes in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty. Methods: This retrospective chart review included patients who underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty and received tinzaparin for thromboprophylaxis per their weight-banding category. The primary outcome was the incidence of persistent wound drainage. Secondary outcomes include the occurrence of VTE and clinically important bleeding during hospital admission. Results: A total of 231 patients were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference in persistent wound drainage between the 3 weight categories, and there were no differences in rates of VTE or clinically important bleeding. Concurrent use of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of persistent wound drainage (risk ratio = 3.35; 95% CI = 2.14-5.24; P = 0.00003). Conclusion and Relevance: In joint arthroplasty patients, we observed no significant difference in rates of persistent wound drainage between various weight categories receiving different weight-banded doses of tinzaparin. Our results do not suggest that the current weight-band dosing table for tinzaparin needs to be adjusted to optimize patient outcomes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document