Confessional “Parallel” Societies in the Context of the Immigration Policy of the Scandinavian Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Yu. Talalaeva ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immigration Policy ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
The Media ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Muslim Minorities

The article analyzes potential and real threats to the national security of the Scandinavian countries from Muslim segregated communities of immigrants who form “parallel” societies on the territory of Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Based on the commonality of the historical development, the economic system and the sociopolitical structure of the states in this geopolitical region, the research identifies general trends in the formation of a confessional parallel society and the modern political immigration strategy in Northern Europe. The study of social and political discourse and officially published documents on the problem of “parallel” societies makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of actions taken by state structures to ensure the full integration of isolated Muslim communities in the majority society. The reports of ministries and internal law enforcement agencies in the states of Northern Europe deserve special attention against the background of the widespread exploitation of the problems of Muslim parallel communities in the media and sociopolitical debates that escalate social tension in the Scandinavian countries. Despite the fact that the official reports emphasize the undeniable relevance of this problem, they exclude the possibility of escalating the current situation into a threat of national or international scale since the police keep these territories under control. However, the lack of successful integration policies of Denmark, Sweden and Norway regarding ethno-religious minorities significantly complicates the legal regulation of cultural, religious and ethnic diversity within their national borders. This situation leads to the formation of “vulnerable residential areas” with a high degree of crime against the background of a low socioeconomic standard of living. The population of such areas mainly consists of non-Western immigrants practicing Islam. Discrimination of the rights of ethno-religious minorities in democratic countries to a large extent determines the tendency to the segregation of Muslim communities from the majority society on the basis of their own cultural and religious order, which subsequently may lead to religious radicalization. Despite the positive measures taken by the governments of Denmark, Sweden and Norway to integrate Muslim minorities into the majority society, the prevailing inefficiency of the existing immigration policy in the context of the continuous expansion of cultural, religious and ethnic diversity among the population of the Scandinavian countries is stated. Moreover, the main reason for the emergence of a confessional parallel society as a modern social phenomenon lies in the practical absence of state structures and public institutions capable to ensure full integration of all citizens into a united society.

scholarly journals The Perception of Minorities toward the Turkish State: The Case of Ethno-religious Communities

Poligrafi ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 5-29
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Beylunioglu ◽  
Özgür Kaymak
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Orthodox Jews ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Turkish State ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Muslim Minorities

The relationship between state and non-Muslim communities has been a delicate issue since the founding of the Turkish Republic despite the principle of secularism stated in its constitution. Against this background, the association of national identity with Sunni-Islam has been the main marker of inclusion/exclusion to the national identity. Especially since 2002 when the Justice and Development Party (JDP) came to power, the debates with regard to freedom of religion and the rights of religious minorities came to fore. Over the course of decades there have been numerous studies approaching the state’s perspective towards religious minorities. However, there are still scarce amount of academic studies that focuses on citizenship experiences of the members of these communities in their daily and social life practices. In this article, we first provide a historical perspective of the state towards religious minorities from the establishment of the Republic until today including the JDP period. In the second part of this study we aim to explore recasting perspectives of the non-Muslim minorities over the previous decade by taking the standpoint of the members of Greek Orthodox, Jews and Armenian communities. To this end, we conduct in-depth interviews with the members of these communities who are residing in Istanbul. Finally, new negotiation fields which have been flourishing among these communities will be addressed.

scholarly journals СYBER THREATS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY PERCEPTION OF THEM IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Telecommunication Systems ◽  
Security Research ◽  
Cyber Threat ◽  
The Media ◽  
Global Nature

The article focuses on security research in cyberspace, in particular in the context of the cyber threat. It is emphasized that under current conditions a number of strategically important objects of economic, infrastructural and defense sectors using information and telecommunication systems are potentially objects of high risk due to consequences and their level of vulnerability to external invasion. The article places emphasis on some discussion among researchers by type of threat. Attention is paid to the belief that, also taking into account the general methodological approaches to the assessment of risks of the proliferation of threats, these threat factors are primarily not threats, but internal factors that contribute to the spread of cyber threats and could be characterized as the ability of the system to counteract the proliferation of these threats or as vulnerability of society. With this as a background of cybercrime, which is typical not only for Ukraine but for the whole world society. It has been pointed out that the Convention on Cybercrime has approached the classification of cybercrime in a rather generalized manner, and that certain actions in cyberspace which clearly cause significant losses to the subjects of information relations have been left out of its attention. Under the contemporary conditions, a special type of cyber threat is the spread of cyberterrorism, the global nature of the technical base of which and its accessibility have determined the special features of this type of terrorism. It was noted that cyberterrorism from cybercrime differs by its openness, when the terrorist's demands are widely covered by the media. Solving the problem of combating cyberterrorism is based on a comprehensive approach and has legal, organizational, psychological and technical components. At the same time, the key problem remains the legal regulation of the use of cyberspace, as well as legal conflicts and gaps in legislation, resulting in an untimely and inadequate response by law enforcement agencies to damage to information, information and telecommunications networks, the reputation of citizens and so on.

The Emancipation of Europe's Muslims

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
European Democracy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Integration Problems ◽  
Muslim Minorities

This book traces how governments across Western Europe have responded to the growing presence of Muslim immigrants in their countries over the past fifty years. Drawing on hundreds of in-depth interviews with government officials and religious leaders in France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Morocco, and Turkey, the book challenges the widespread notion that Europe's Muslim minorities represent a threat to liberal democracy. The book documents how European governments in the 1970s and 1980s excluded Islam from domestic institutions, instead inviting foreign powers like Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and Turkey to oversee the practice of Islam among immigrants in European host societies. But since the 1990s, amid rising integration problems and fears about terrorism, governments have aggressively stepped up efforts to reach out to their Muslim communities and incorporate them into the institutional, political, and cultural fabrics of European democracy. The book places these efforts—particularly the government-led creation of Islamic councils—within a broader theoretical context and gleans insights from government interactions with groups such as trade unions and Jewish communities at previous critical junctures in European state-building. By examining how state–mosque relations in Europe are linked to the ongoing struggle for religious and political authority in the Muslim-majority world, the book sheds light on the geopolitical implications of a religious minority's transition from outsiders to citizens. This book offers a much-needed reassessment that foresees the continuing integration of Muslims into European civil society and politics in the coming decades.

Comparative Study of Muslim Minorities

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316
Author(s):  
R. Hrair Dekmejian
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Communal Identity ◽  
French Canadians ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Muslim Minorities ◽  
Cultural Regeneration

Most of the world’s Muslims reside in countries where they are numericallypredominant. As such, these Muslims possess a majoritarian outlook in sharpcontrast to the perspective of minority Muslims living in India, China, theUSSR, and some Western countries. In recent years, Muslim minorities havefound themselves at the confluence of diverse social forces and politicaldevelopments which have heightened their sense of communal identity andapprehension vish-vis non-Muslim majorities. This has been particularlytrue of the crisis besetting the Indian Muslims in 1990-91 as well as the newlyformed Muslim communities in Western Europe.The foregoing circumstances have highlighted the need for serious researchon Muslim minorities within a comparative framework. What follows is apreliminary outline of a research framework for a comparative study of Muslimminorities using the Indian Muslims as an illustrative case.The Salience of TraditionOne of the most significant transnational phenomena in the four decadessince mid-century has been the revival of communal consciousness amongminorities in a large number of countries throughout the world. This tendencytoward cultural regeneration has been noted among such diverse ethnic groupsas Afro-Americans, French Canadians, Palestinian Arabs, the Scots of GreatBritain, Soviet minorities, and native Americans. A common tendency amongthese groups is to reach back to their cultural traditions and to explore thoseroots which have served as the historical anchors of their present communalexistence. Significantly, this quest for tradition has had a salutary impactupon the lives of these communities, for it has reinforced their collectiveand individual identities and has enabled them to confront the multipledifficulties of modem life more effectively. By according its members a sense ...

Selected issues related to the use of firearms for unlawful killing of animals

2018 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Daniel Markiewicz ◽  
◽  
Bartłomiej J. Bartyzel ◽  
Michał Borusiński ◽  
Grzegorz Bogiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Penal Sanctions

The issue of post-mortem examination of animals, whose death occurred as a result of suffered gunshot wounds, is very rarely discussed in literature, most often on the occasion of researching into and describing other problems. This article presents an attempt to bring together the achievements of veterinary forensics in this area. As a starting point, the current legal regulation was adopted, pointing to penal sanctions resulting from the illegal use of weapons in relation to animals. Subsequently, the possibilities of using modern imaging techniques in post-mortem examinations carried out by veterinarians at the request of law enforcement agencies were presented. The scientific reports discussed herein have been supplemented by examples of sectional examinations carried out at the request of law enforcement agencies in Polish scientific institutions. The article indicates that the results of examination of gunshot wounds suffered by people in various circumstances may be used for the purpose of issuing forensic veterinary opinions, just as the results of examination of gunshot wounds of large mammals may be helpful in examining the effects of gunshot injuries in humans.

Religious Discrimination, Diaspora, and United Nations Voting on Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Haykin ◽  
Jonathan Fox ◽  
Nikola Mirilovic
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
United Nations General Assembly ◽  
Test Discrimination ◽  
Muslim Minorities ◽  
Diaspora Politics

Abstract This study examines whether discrimination against religious minorities and diaspora politics influences United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) voting on Israel and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict between 1990 and 2014. We test discrimination against Jews, discrimination against Muslims, and general discrimination against all religious minorities in 183 countries. Our results indicate that repressive countries vote against Israel in the UNGA partly as a diversionary tactic seeking to divert attention from their own poor behavior. This is because discriminating against both Jews and Muslims, as well as religious discrimination in general, predict anti-Israel voting. We also find that countries with larger Jewish minorities are more likely to support Israel and countries with larger Muslim minorities are less likely to support Israel, although the latter effect is more conditional and most consistently pronounced in countries where discrimination against Muslims is low. This suggests that diaspora politics and transnational religious ties influence UNGA voting on Israel.

scholarly journals Methods of interaction of the state border service of Ukraine with other law enforcement authorities

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
I.I. Baidyuk
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Coordination Control ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Forecasting Method

The article is devoted to defining the concept and methods of interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement a. The meaning of the concept of "methods" is revealed. It is proposed to understand the methods of interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement agencies as a set of tools used by these entities within the current legislation to organize and maintain relations between them to ensure border security, prevent smuggling, illegal migration and transnational crime. Features of such administrative methods of management as regulatory, administrative and normative are considered. It is noted that regulatory methods take place in the interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement authorities. It is determined that persuasion as a universal method of management in the interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement authorities is absent, and an example of the method of coercion is liability for non-compliance with acts of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. Such organizational methods in interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement authorities as planning, forecasting, method of information support, method of decision making, methods of organizing the implementation of decisions and monitoring their implementation, methods of instructing and work with personnel are singled out. Emphasis is placed on economic methods in the interaction of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine with other law enforcement authorities. The results of the survey show the problems in the use of methods of legal regulation, prohibitions, coercion, coordination, control in the management of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, which affect the effectiveness of its interaction with other law enforcement authorities and should be studied separately.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF STATE REGULATORY POLICY IN THE PERIOD OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC: ADMINISTRATIVE-LEGAL ASPECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Оleksandr Makarenko ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Makarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business Entities

The main scientific and practical results of the analysis of the legitimacy of the actions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine during the introduction of anti-epidemic measures to combat the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. The peculiarities of exercising the Constitutional rights of citizens and the possibility of restricting them in a lawful manner, the risks of corruption as a result of the introduction of certain restrictions by the government and the creation of grounds for abuse of power and official duties have been studied. It is proposed to introduce a compensation mechanism for business entities to minimize financial losses and mitigate the tax burden at the local government level, as well as options for legal regulation of the relevant activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine as a central executive body. Established that in the current legislation, namely in the Constitution of Ukraine, there is only one way to restrict the rights of citizens who can only be implemented through a mechanism for adopting a special law or amendments to the current laws. It is proved that to ensure effective and transparent administrativelegal regulation of state regulatory policy during the implementation of anti-epidemic measures to combat the COVID-19 requires the improvement of individual laws and subordination regulations that will in detail the activities of representatives of power and law enforcement agencies during detection and fixing offenses, otherwise it will create the basis for the emergence of corruption relations and commit criminal offenses with simultaneous leveling of the effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures. According to the authors, it is advisable to predict the need for automatic introduction of certain compensation measures at the level of regions, subject to the introduction (continuation or introduction) of anti-epidemic measures to combat the COVID-19. It is confirmed that in the event of improving the relevant legal acts, the risk of corrupt legal relations will be reduced, increased quality of state regulatory policy during the introduction of anti-epidemic measures to combat the COVID-19 and created universal compensation measures for small and medium-sized businesses that will be able to quickly and effectively applied in a country's scale.

scholarly journals Юридизация области дисциплинарных отношений в рядах российской милиции (1917-1919 гг.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
С.Ю. Чимаров ◽  
В.С. Бялт
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies

The article presents an analysis of the legal regulation of the disciplinary responsibility of Russian militia employees during the period of the change in government models from the tsarist era to the era of democratic transformations and the transition to the Soviet-style government regime. Focusing on the desire of the new government to strictly systematize the issues of disciplinary responsibility of domestic police officers in the specified period of time, the authors substantiate the need to strengthen the police ranks on the basis of disciplining the personnel of the updated law enforcement agencies.

scholarly journals THE PLACE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW STANDARDS IN THE LEGAL SYSTEM PRINCIPLES OF INTERACTION OF JUDICIAL EXPERT INSTITUTIONS WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
А. О. Полянський
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Forensic Institutions ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the article is that the effectiveness and efficiency of interaction between forensic agencies and law enforcement agencies depends on many factors, one of which is a properly "constructed" system of legal acts. At the same time, the special nature of the interaction of these entities, the attraction of its content to the administrative and legal sphere, as well as the specifics of forensic institutions and law enforcement agencies in general necessitates a detailed review of legal principles in this area and determining the place of administrative and legal regulation. The purpose of the article is to establish a system of legal bases for the interaction of forensic institutions with law enforcement agencies, as well as to determine the place of administrative and legal regulation among them. It is established that the legal basis of interaction of forensic institutions with law enforcement agencies is a system of regulations and their provisions governing the legal status of forensic institutions and law enforcement agencies, as well as the content and procedure of interaction of these entities. It is proved that administrative-legal regulation is a type of branch of the general-legal category of legal regulation, which occurs with the help of administrative law and determines the impact of law on public relations of a special nature arising from the activities of public administration. That is, we are talking about the relationship of power and management influence that prevails in the work of public authorities, local governments and so on. This is a purposeful, comprehensive, streamlining impact of law on public relations in the sphere of government, which occurs through the rules of administrative law, which are part of the system of legal principles outlined above. It is emphasized that the legal basis for the interaction of forensic institutions and law enforcement agencies have an administrative and legal basis, which is expressed in a large number of rules of administrative law, enshrined in regulations of various legal force. This situation is due to the fact that the norms of this branch of law determine: the administrative and legal status of forensic institutions and law enforcement agencies; functions, powers and tasks assigned to law enforcement agencies and forensic institutions; mechanisms of interaction of forensic institutions and law enforcement agencies in performing their functions defined by law; organizational and practical goals of this interaction; etc.

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