scholarly journals Specifics of the narrative about the rulers in Russian memoirs of the 20s – 70s of the 18th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
O. S. Roshchina ◽  
◽  
O. A. Farafonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Personal Narrative ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Personal Formation ◽  
Judg Ments

The paper considers the ways of authors’ self-representation concerning the presentation of the figure of the ruler in Russian memoirs of the 18th century. The memoirs of the 20s – 50s tend to combine personal and impersonal narrative with the predominance of the latter. This combination makes the view of events seem objective. Memoirists do not make value judg-ments about rulers and describe only facts. However, even in an impersonal narrative, mem-oirists, being former participants or witnesses of the described events, cannot avoid making judgments about various figures of their era. In the 60s and 70s, authors mostly used personal narrative and noticed any shortcomings of the reigning characters. In some cases, memoirists justify and explain them by the harmful influence of the courtier environment or do not rec-ognize them as particularly serious. In other cases, shortcomings in public administration or wrong actions of the monarch are seen as a direct consequence of his personality. Memoirists, whose personal formation, as a rule, was in the time of Peter the Great (Neplyuev, Shakhovskaya), think about the figure of the sovereign as of an absolute super-personal value. Obviously, this personal value came to be devalued in the minds of people of the post-Petrine era and/or those personally affected by the rule of a monarch (Dolgorukaya, Minikh). The process of memoir individualization occurs during this period simultaneously in two direc-tions – of the subject of the utterance and the object of description.

scholarly journals Multilingualism in Enlightenment Europe

Slovene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 543-553
Author(s):  
Gleb Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
English Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Alphabetical Index ◽  
The Russian Empire

[Rev. of: Rjéoutski V., Frijhoff W., eds., Language Choice in Enlightenment Europe: Education, Sociability, and Governance, Amsterdam, 2018, 233 pp.] The book under review is an English-language collective monograph called “Language Choice in Enlightenment Europe: Education, Sociability, and Governance”, written by authors from the Netherlands, Italy, Russia, Estonia, and Croatia (edited by Vladislav Rjéoutski and Willem Frijhoff). The subject of the monograph is the language choice in the European countries of the 18th century. This is the sixth book in the Languages and Cultures in History series, and it includes an introduction, eight articles by the international team of authors, and an alphabetical index of names and places mentioned. The Enlightenment was marked in Europe by the gradual abandonment of Latin in education and public administration and its replacement by vernaculars. At the same time, there are peculiarities in every country, particularly in the Russian Empire and Croatia. Archival materials (private letters, memoirs, official questionnaires, statistics) make this book extremely valuable. The authors analyse the linguistic situation in France, the Netherlands, Central Germany, the Estonian Governorate, Croatia, the Hungarian Kingdom, and the Russian Empire. Language choice is discussed at the micro-level (e.g. within one family) as well as at the macro-level (e.g., in education, public administration, among the nobility or clergy). The book will be of great interest to historians, linguists, sociologists, anthropologists, as well as to specialists in international relations.

“Genuine anecdotes about Peter the Great” by J. Shtelin, Translated by A. A. Nartov — an Unknown Monument of Russian Literature of 18th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
P. A. Krotov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Famous Person ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Age Of Enlightenment

The problem of the development of a small literary genre of historical anecdote in Russia in the second half of the 18th century is researched. The question is raised on the manuscript of the translation of “Genuine anecdotes about Peter the Great” by Academician J. Shtelin (1709—1785) into Russian, which was made by the famous person of the Age of Enlightenment A. A. Nartov (1736/1737—1813) in 1785. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the article is the first study of the manuscript, which remained unpublished and was not the subject of research. It is proved that Nartov’s translation of Shtelin’s work became an impetus for him to create his own historical and literary work, now known as Nartov’s Tales of Peter the Great (1786). It is concluded that Nartov’s collection of historical anecdotes is a literary work, which was created with extensive use of Shtelin’s “Genuine anecdotes about Peter the Great”. The study of Nartov’s manuscript also made it possible to establish that the author of the first translation of Shtelin’s work published in Russia (1785) was the famous translator and publisher P. I. Bogdanovich.

scholarly journals Иностранные языки в России XVIII в

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 147-169
Author(s):  
Татьяна Костина
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This article presents a summary of the reports and transcripts of the discussion held on October 24, 2020, at a panel on the functioning of foreign languages in 18th-century Russia, which took place during the international conference "Müller Readings-2020." The attendees discussed different approaches to the subject using various historical examples, such as the language of the manuscripts presented to Peter the Great and Catherine I; the languages of Russian-Turkish diplomacy in the reign of Peter the Great; the problems of the horizon of the translator and the genre conditionality of the use of languages; their use in the initial period of the existence of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences; and the problems of publishing foreign language sources. Several reports were devoted to the history of teaching foreign languages among various social strata, as well as to the methods of teaching languages in the 18th century.

Der fatale Blick in den Spiegel – Zum Zusammenhang von Medialität und Reflexivität

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Jahraus
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Specular Reflections ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Literature And Film

Der Beitrag untersucht den Zusammenhang von Reflexivität und Medialität (das, was ein Medium zum Medium macht), indem er die Idee der Reflexion an den konkreten Formen von Spiegelungen in Literatur und Film wie zum Beispiel Doppelgänger oder Figurenspaltungen darstellt. Dabei zeigt sich, daß jedes Medium autoreflexiv verfasst ist und daß die Vorstellung von Subjektivität seit dem 18. Jahrhundert selbst auf diesem Zusammenspiel von Reflexivität und Medialität beruht. Das Subjekt gilt demnach als reflexiver Effekt der Medialität, wie es an einer Betrachtung von Foucaults berühmter Meninas-Interpretation nachverfolgt werden kann.<br><br>This article analyses the relation between reflexivity and mediality (what makes a medium a medium) by presenting concrete situations of optical and specular reflections in literature and film, such as doubles (Doppelgänger) and split figures. Thus it can be shown that since the 18th century every medium is self-reflexive and that the concept of subjectivity has its basis in the interplay of reflexivity and mediality. The subject is an effect of medialitity as may be demonstrated by a new recapitulation of Foucault’s famous Meninas-interpretation.

LITERARY ROMANTICISM AS A THEORETICAL ISSUE

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Vera V. Serdechnaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Theoretical Issue ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of literary romanticism. The research aims at a refinement of the “romanticism” concept in relation to the history of the literary process. The main research methods include conceptual analysis, textual analysis, comparative historical research. The author analyzes the semantic genesis of the term “romanticism”, various interpretations of the concept, compares the definitions of different periods and cultures. The main results of the study are as follows. The history of the term “romanticism” shows a change in a number of definitions for the same concept in relation to the same literary phenomena. By the end of the 20th century, realizing the existence of significant contradictions in the content of the term “romanticism”, researchers often come to abandon it. At the same time, the steady use of the term “romanticism” testifies to the subject-conceptual component that exists in it, which does not lose its relevance, but just needs a theoretical refinement. Conclusion: one have to revise an approach to romanticism as a theoretical concept, based on the change in the concept of an individual in Europe at the end of the 18th century. It is the newly discovered freedom of an individual predetermines the rethinking for the image of the author as a creator and determines the artistic features of literary romanticism.

SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS OF PUBLIC MARKETING

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 260-270
Author(s):  
Yevgeny Victorovich Romat ◽  
Yury Volodimirovich Havrilechko
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Marketing Concept ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Public Marketing ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Management ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
The Subject

The article is devoted to research of theoretical problems of the concepts of the subject and object of public marketing. The definitions of these concepts are considered in the article, the evolution of their development is studied. The article provides an analysis of the main approaches to the notion of subjects and objects of public marketing, their relationship and role in the processes of public marketing. The authors proposes concrete approaches to their systematization. These approaches allow us to identify specific types of public marketing and their main characteristics. Relying on the analysis of the concept of “subject of public (state) management”, it is concluded that as bodies of state marketing, most often act as executive bodies of state power. In this case, the following levels of marketing subjects in the system of public administration are allocated: the highest level of executive power; Branch central bodies of executive power; Local government bodies; Separate government agencies. It is noted that the diversity of subjects of public marketing is explained, first of all, by the dependence on the tasks of the state and municipal government, the possibilities of introducing the marketing concept of these subjects and certain characteristics of the said objects of state marketing. It is noted that the concept of “subject of public marketing” is not always the identical notion of “subject of public administration”. First, not all public authorities are subjects of state marketing. In some cases, this is not appropriate, for example, in the activities of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine or the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Secondly, state marketing is just one of many alternative management concepts, which is not always the most effective in the public administration system.

Отцейхгаузадомузеяизисториивоенно-историческогомузеяартиллерии,инженерныхвойскивойсксвязи

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-197
Author(s):  
V.E. . Sergei
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
General Field ◽  
Signal Corps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Military Engineering ◽  
The Military

The article is dedicated to the history of the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering and Signal Corps. The author examines the main stages of the museums formation, starting with the foundation of the Arsenal, established in St. Petersburg at the orders of Peter the Great on August 29th 1703 for the safekeeping and preservation of memory, for eternal glory of unique arms and military trophies. In 1756, on the base of the Arsenals collection, the General Inspector of Artillery Count P.I. created the Memorial Hall, set up at the Arsenal, on St. Petersburgs Liteyny Avenue. By the end of the 18th century the collection included over 6,000 exhibits. In 1868 the Memorial Hall was transferred to the New Arsenal, at the Crownwork of the Petropavlovsky Fortress, and renamed the Artillery Museum (since 1903 the Artillery Historical Museum). A large part of the credit for the development and popularization of the collection must be given to the historian N.E. Brandenburg, the man rightly considered the founder of Russias military museums, who was the chief curator from 1872 to 1903. During the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars a significant part of the museums holdings were evacuated to Yaroslavl and Novosibirsk. Thanks to the undying devotion of the museums staff, it not only survived, but increased its collection. In the 1960s over 100,000 exhibits were transferred from the holdings of the Central Historical Museum of Military Engineering and the Military Signal Corps Museum. In 1991 the collection also received the entire Museum of General Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov, transferred from the Polish town of Bolesawjec. The Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering and Signal Coprs is now one of the largest museums of military history in the world. It holds an invaluable collection of artillery and ammunition, of firearms and cold steel arms, military engineering and signal technology, military banners, uniforms, a rich collection of paintings and graphic works, orders and medals, as well as extensive archives, all dedicated to the history of Russian artillery and the feats of our nations defenders.Статья посвящена истории создания ВоенноИсторического музея артиллерии, инженерных войск и войск связи. Автор рассматривает основные этапы становления музея, начиная с основания Арсенала, созданного в СанктПетербурге по приказу Петра I 29 августа 1703 года для хранения и сохранения памяти, во имя вечной славы уникального оружия и военных трофеев. В 1756 году на базе коллекции Арсенала генеральный инспектор артиллерии граф П. И. создал мемориальный зал, установленный при Арсенале, на Литейном проспекте СанктПетербурга. К концу 18 века коллекция насчитывала более 6000 экспонатов. В 1868 году Мемориальный зал был перенесен в Новый Арсенал, на венец Петропавловской крепости, и переименован в Артиллерийский музей (с 1903 года Артиллерийский Исторический музей). Большая заслуга в развитии и популяризации коллекции принадлежит историку Н.Е. Бранденбургу, человеку, по праву считавшемуся основателем российских военных музеев, который был главным хранителем с 1872 по 1903 год. В годы Гражданской и Великой Отечественной войн значительная часть фондов музея была эвакуирована в Ярославль и Новосибирск. Благодаря неусыпной преданности сотрудников музея, он не только сохранился, но и пополнил свою коллекцию. В 1960х годах более 100 000 экспонатов были переданы из фондов Центрального исторического военноинженерного музея и Музея войск связи. В 1991 году коллекцию также получил весь музей генералфельдмаршала М. И. Кутузова, переданный из польского города Болеславец. Военноисторический музей артиллерии, инженерных войск и войск связи в настоящее время является одним из крупнейших музеев военной истории в мире. Здесь хранится бесценная коллекция артиллерии и боеприпасов, огнестрельного и холодного оружия, военной техники и сигнальной техники, военных знамен, обмундирования, богатая коллекция живописных и графических работ, орденов и медалей, а также обширные архивы, посвященные истории русской артиллерии и подвигам защитников нашего народа.

When Politics Overwhelms Administration: Historical Proofs for Fesler’s Maxim against State-based Federal Regions, 1934-1943

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Mordecai Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Individual State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Franklin Roosevelt

This is an historical inquiry into the events that led to Fesler’s 1949 maxim that federal field administrative regions should always be larger than an individual state. When he proclaimed that principle he concluded that state-based regions caused political problems for personnel and locational reasons, but only presented a single contemporary example for each of those reasons. Relying on primary and archival sources, this article provides additional historical proofs for Fesler’s maxim. It discusses several largely forgotten political controversies that occurred during the Presidency of Franklin Roosevelt regarding state-based federal administrative regions. This reconstruction is a form of forensic public administration history, seeking to give a clearer understanding of why Fesler addressed the subject at all and providing additional factual substantiation for his axiom.

Development of public-private partnerships in the regional dimension

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
T. M. Barbysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

Public-private partnership (PPP) in the conditions of the set strategic tasks by the President of the Russian Federation until 2030 can become one of the sources of attracting financial resources for implementation of the large-scale projects. In this regard, it is relevant to systematize the forms of PPPs and the scope of their application. Based on a study of different views on the essence of PPP, as well as taking into account the development of public administration in Russia, the author proposed the use of public-public-private partnership as a form of development of cooperation between the state, private business and society. The polyformism of PPPs is reflected in the presented classification. Based on the analysis of PPP development in the regional context, hypothesis on the correlation between the level of PPP and the socio-economic development of the subject of the Russian Federation was confirmed.

Political Science and Public Administration: A Note on the State of the Union

1952 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 660-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roscoe C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Russell Sage Foundation ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Woodrow Wilson ◽  
State Of The Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
Original Essay ◽  
The Subject

By tradition public administration is regarded as a division of political science. Woodrow Wilson set the stage for this concept in his original essay identifying public administration as a subject worthy of special study, and spokesmen for both political science and public administration have accepted it since. Thus Leonard White, in his 1930 article on the subject in the Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, recognizes public administration as “a branch of the field of political science.” Luther Gulick follows suit, observing in 1937 that “Public administration is thus a division of political science ….” So generally has this word got around that it has come to the notice of the sociologists, as is indicated in a 1950 report of the Russell Sage Foundation which refers to “political science, including public administration….” “Pure” political scientists and political scientists with a public administration slant therefore are not alone in accepting this doctrine, which obviously enjoys a wide and authoritative currency.But if public administration is reckoned generally to be a child of political science, it is in some respects a strange and unnatural child; for there is a feeling among political scientists, substantial still if mayhap not so widespread as formerly, that academicians who profess public administration spend their time fooling with trifles. It was a sad day when the first professor of political science learned what a manhole cover is! On their part, those who work in public administration are likely to find themselves vaguely resentful of the lack of cordiality in the house of their youth.

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