Metaphorical expressives in Tuvan lexicography

2021 ◽  
pp. 252-264
Author(s):  
E. K. Annai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Differentiation Process ◽  
Emotional Pain ◽  
Head Pain ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Language Influence ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
New Formation

Fixation and assignment of labels to specific semantic derivation cases, namely metaphorical expressives (expressive lexical units) in Tuvan dictionaries, are considered and compared with their Russian equivalents. The Russian language influence on the semantic structure of the Tuvan lexemes is observed. Metaphorical expressives are lexemes formed by metaphorical derivation resulting in new (figurative) meanings without changing the form. The number of such units in the colloquial speech was found to increase under the Russian language influence in recent decades. New formation models non-typical for Tuvan but common in Russian have appeared. Also, the calques of Russian expressives based on models absent in Tuvan were found: bash aaryy (lit.: head pain) → “person or problem causing emotional pain or frustration to the speaker” from Russian golovnaya bol’ with the same meaning. The analysis showed Tuvan dictionaries not to reflect this phenomenon sufficiently, i.e., word figurative meanings, namely metaphorical expressives, are not represented there broadly enough. It may be because the labels marking certain words’ usage areas, particularly the label razg. (colloquial speech) is used rather liberally since the stylistic differentiation process is still ongoing in standard Tuvan. While actively used in oral colloquial speech, most expressive meanings of polysemantic words revealed in the study are not found in Tuvan dictionaries. In Russian, there are special colloquial dictionaries, as well as regional dictionaries with stylistic labels. There are no such dictionaries in Tuvan, mostly due to its vague stylistic differentiation. However, the Tuvan language is still evolving, with dictionaries updated accordingly.

scholarly journals DESCRIPTIVE VERBAL-NOMINAL CONSTRUCTIONS WITH CAUSATIVE SEMANTICS IN MODERN RUSSIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Evgenia N. Laguzova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Formal Expression ◽  
Causative Constructions ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

The article discusses descriptive verbal-nominal constructions with causative verbal components. The relevance of the study is due to the attention of modern linguistics to the problem of analyticism in the Russian language grammar, the lack of study of the structural and semantic features of analytical constructions with causatives. The novelty of the work consists in identifying the features of the semantic structure of sentences with causative verbal components. A feature of causative DVNC is recognized as dismembered semantics. Two varieties of causative constructions formed by descriptive verbal-nominal constructions are distinguished – sentences with arbitrary and automatic causation. The description of statements draws attention to the main semantic components – causative and causable subjects, methods of their formal expression. Differences in the semantic structure of sentences with spontaneous and automatic causation are shown. The purposefulness of causative action in sentences with spontaneous causation and indirectness of influence in sentences with automatic causation are due to the semantic features of the main components of causative statements with DVNC – the causative and causable subject. Constructions with spontaneous causation form polysubject monopropositive, DVNC with automatic causation form polysubject polypropositive structures. The peculiarity of the semantic structure of additional statements of DVNC unpretentious forms – participal – with causative semantics was noted. In sentences with DVNC unpretentious forms, the incentive is mitigated. Additional statements with DVNC form polypropositive constructions. The development of verbal-nominal constructions with causatives is associated with a tendency to analyticism, characteristic of the modern Russian language grammar. The materials of the article will be used in lexicographic practice – when compiling a dictionary of descriptive verbal-nominal constructions, in teaching special courses on the problem of nomination.

scholarly journals Принципы построения русско-польского словаря разговорной речи

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Dorota Drużyłowska
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
International Project ◽  
State University ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
Initial Work ◽  
The University ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
The Russian Language

Principles of Formation of the Russian-Polish Dictionary of Colloquial LanguageThis paper is the result of the initial work on a project aimed to develop Russian-Polish dictionary of colloquial language.The work on the dictionary started in 2015 as part of an international project run by the Centre of the Russian Language at the Institute of Slavic Studies at The University of Wroclaw, as well as the State University of St. Petersburg. Both lecturers and the graduate and post-graduate students formed the lexicographical group.The main purpose of the article is to define the meaning of colloquial language in every­day communication, regarding the changes that have occurred in recent decades at the lexical and phraseological level of the language. The author also presents and analyses the variety of this level of the Russian language. Moreover, the objective factors to develop Russian-Polish dictionary of colloquial speech are named. The crucial part of the article is devoted to the presentation of the microstructure of the dictionary. The author presents exemplary dictionary entries and discusses their particular elements.Zasady budowy rosyjsko-polskiego słownika języka potocznegoNiniejszy artykuł jest wynikiem wstępnej realizacji międzynarodowego projektu leksykograficznego zmierzającego do opracowania rosyjsko-polskiego słownika mowy potocznej.Pracę nad słownikiem rozpoczęto w 2015 roku w ramach międzynarodowego projektu Cen­trum Języka Rosyjskiego Instytutu Filologii Słowiańskiej Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego oraz Pań­stwowego Uniwersytetu w Petersburgu. W skład zespołu leksykograficznego weszli zarówno wy­kładowcy, jak i doktoranci oraz studenci IFS.Celem artykułu jest przede wszystkim określenie miejsca języka potocznego w codziennej ko­munikacji, zwrócenie uwagi na zmiany, jakie zaszły w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach na płaszczyźnie leksykalnej i frazeologicznej tej odmiany języka, i omówienie obiektywnych czynników przema­wiających za podjęciem pracy nad wspomnianym słownikiem.Drugą część artykułu poświęcono prezentacji wybranych artykułów hasłowych.

scholarly journals Deviations from the Speech Standard in the Regional Version of Oral Russian Speech: Intralingual and Interlingual Interactions

Rusin ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 144-158
Author(s):  
Z.I. Rezanova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Dybo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Substrate Influence

The problem of the speech norm and deviations from it in various forms of communication will never lose its relevance. Firstly, linguistic rationing is included in the sphere of state regulation aimed at stabilizing it, and, secondly, variation in the norm is an inevitable consequence of the impact of a dynamically developing speech pattern. The article discusses the problem of the multiple of factors that cause deviations from the speech norm (standard) and their mutual influences. The attention primarily focuses on the interaction of interlingual interference and internal trends in the development of language in its various forms. The problem is considered on the example of deviations from the speech standard in case forms in the regional version of the Russian language – in the spoken language of Shor-Russian bilinguals. The variability of the case forms is caused by the wide spread of bilingualism in the region and the substrate influence of the mother languages on the speech practices of bilinguals speaking Russian. The analysis model presented in the article can be applied to other linguistic contacts and intra-lingual interactions. The source of the material is the Shor subcorpus of the Corpus of Russian oral speech of Turkic-Russian bilinguals (RuTuBic). The corpus includes morphological annotation, common for linguistically marked corpuses, as well as marking of deviations from the speech standard. The model was tested on the material of interview records of 11 respondents (15 hours). The main sources of deviations from the speech standard are the interference of the Shor language, the dialectal influence of Siberian Russian dialects, structures of colloquial speech, active tendencies of Russian grammar, and discursive and genre features of speech.

scholarly journals Reflection of Social and Cultural Features in the Names of Stones and Minerals in Bazhov’s Tales

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
L.I. Stepanova ◽  
D.A. Shchukina
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Theory Theory ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Natural Objects ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Features

The aim of the articleis to study peculiarities of nominations of minerals in Russian and in its regional version, in the socio-lexicon of the Ural mining workers. For this purpose, a methodological procedure was developed based on the methods of corpus linguistics and an exemplary analysis of the semantic field mineral (minerals) in Russian was performed. The theoretical and methodological procedure is based on the semantic field theory,theory of divergence andthelexical approachproposed by Kevechs. As the material of the study were used the tales (skazy) of Pavel Bazhov .The tales (narrations) of Bazhov are a bright representation of the Ural folklore, regional perception of natural objects, their metaphorical reinterpretation , enrichment of semantic fields associated with the occupation of the inhabitants of the region, with additional semantic meanings. The results of the study reflect the presence of significant differences in the semantic structure of lexemes-nominations of minerals in the Russian language and its regional variant.

scholarly journals SILA ASSOCIATIVE FIELD: EVOLUTION OF CONTENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
T.M. Nizamutinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Far East ◽  
European Part ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the content of the linguistic consciousness of the young generation of Russian native speakers in the period from 1988 to 2018 on the material of the SILA (force / power / strength) associative field according to associative dictionaries of the Russian language. In the process of analysis, differences are revealed in the semantic structure of the field and the value orientations of young people at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st centuries. The study was carried out by analyzing the reactions of the SILA associative field in the Russian Associative Dictionary (RAS), the Russian Regional Dictionary of the European Part (EURAS), the Russian Regional Associative Database (Siberia and the Far East) (SIBAS). As a result, differences in the value orientations of Russian young people have been revealed for the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

scholarly journals Carnivalisation of the Russian Language in the Era of the Coronavirus Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-292
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Kupina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Tender Points ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Online Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unique Object ◽  
Temporal Model ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Russian Language

This article studies the carnivalisation of the Russian language in the era of the coronavirus pandemic (March–early December 2020) based on extracts from media texts and live colloquial speech. The phenomenon of carnivalisation is analysed with reference to M. M. Bakhtin’s concept of carnivalisation and D. S. Likhachev’s generalisations about the folk culture of laughter. It is established that the Russian carnival is associated with will. In the situation of a new “coronavirus normality”, the language forms a layer of anxiety vocabulary, which stimulates word and meaning coinage. It is proved that mass linguistic creativity is a form of resistance to disturbing reality. The author systematises potential neologisms, nonce words, and non-standard metaphors. Word innovations act as a means of creating a comic effect, characterisation, and axiological assessment of reality, as well as a means of diagnosing the tender points of the coronavirus space and a means of psychotherapy. The author distinguishes a temporal model formed in the linguistic worldview which reflects the imperfection of the world: the extended present of the coronavirus; pre-coronavirus past; post-coronavirus future which is conceived as a desired return to the past (the slogan Вперед в будущее!). As part of the analysis, the author describes a layer of new compound word-formations with корона- as the first component. Also, she pays special attention to the interpretation of words close to the core of anxiety vocabulary (путинкулы, полный карантинец, etc.). A unique object of analysis is a group of colloquial words that replace business standards (дистанционка, удаленка, запрещенка), as well as neologisms that expand the number of derivatives of the word маска. The author points out the development of coronavirus literature and characterises new online technologies studied by literature, art, and education specialists. Finally, the article describes the axiological explosion accompanying the carnivalisation of the Russian language.

scholarly journals On History of Certain Indeclinable Nouns of Foreign Origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 01166
Author(s):  
Albina Shisholina
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Foreign Origin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Language Influence ◽  
The Russian Language

It is well known that borrowing is one of the most important universal sources of vocabulary replenishment of any language. The present work is a study of the indeclinable nouns, a special group of borrowings that to some extent contribute to the change of the grammatical structure of the Russian language in general, and the declension system in particular. The article describes the history of the emergence and reception in the system of the Russian language of certain indeclinable nouns of foreign origin. We studied the ways of the language units recorded in the lexicographic sources of the XVIII century. The reception of the prototypes of the studied units is reviewed in terms of the phonetic and graphic formalization of the word, the acquisition of its morphological characteristics, and the formation of its semantic structure. Due to the strong foreign language influence and multiple language contacts, the Russian language of the XVIII century is characterized by a high variability of the foreign language nouns, including the indeclinable nouns, often with the declinable doublets. The language can fix a declinable, as well as an indeclinable form.

The Role and Place of Archaic Conjunctions in Modern Journalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Natalia Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Condi Tions ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Accurate Expression ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Organic Combination ◽  
Colloquial Speech ◽  
The Russian Language

The article analyses the use of Russian archaic subordinate conjunctions «кабы», «коли», «дабы», «бо», «ибо» in modern journalistic texts concerning the relevance of their use. The research is carried out as a part of the study devoted to the expression of conditionality relationships through complex sentences in the bookish style, a journalistic one, in particular. The sources used in the study consist of printed and online books, as well as periodicals and magazines publishing ana-lytical articles, essays, reports, and interviews on issues of public interest. The author assumes that the choice of atypical linguistic means should be considered as an indicator of the language flexibility, its settings for the most accurate expression of meaning and a specific communication situation. By the analysis of concrete examples, it is shown that the use of archaic conjunctions correlates with the basic functions of a journalistic style (informational, educa-tional, evaluative, incentive, influencing ones), thereby its use is stylistically jus-tified. Journalists resort to these means of conjunction to convey someone’s speech with the aim of marking a high style, adding a historical, dialectic con-notation, a playful or ironic tone.It is noted that unproductive archaic conjunctions are primarily used in their main etymological meaning, while the field of their meanings in dialects and colloquial speech is expanding. In this way, an organic combination of the elements of bookishness and colloquiality is historically inherent in the Russian literary language, which is most clearly manifested in journalism.Attention is drawn to the fact that the study of archaic vocabulary and the appropriateness of its use is of interest with regard to developing and pre-serving the richness and variability of the language, especially in modern condi-tions of standardization, simplification, and unification of languages in general and the Russian language in particular.

scholarly journals Russian Emotive Verbs in the Semantic Classification of Predicates

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
O. A. Kukatova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Time Axis ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Emotive Meaning ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Purposeful Activity

The present research features predicates expressed by Russian reflexive emotive verbs. The paper focuses on statements containing reflexive emotive verbs and their convertible correlates, e.g. volnovatsia – volnovat, trevozhitsia – trevozhit, serditsia – serdit, etc. The research objective was to determine the place of these pairs of emotive verbs in the semantic classification of predicates of the Russian language. The author used the method of semantic testing for localization / non-localization on time axis and controllability / non-controllability. The method made it possible to assign these predicates to a particular class, as well as to reveal in their semantic structure a derived value that has not been fixed by explanatory dictionaries. As a result, the predicates were split into two semantic classes, i.e. properties and states. The division was confirmed by semantic tests for localization / non-localization on time axis and controllability / non-controllability. According to the tests, the predicates expressed by the convergent pairs of emotive verbs were included in the group of state predicates, due to their localization on the time axis. The semantic sign of uncontrollability was inherent in the studied predicates of the state in their emotive meaning. Acquisition by these predicates of the meaning "purposeful activity", "imitation of an emotional state", "opportunity, duty", and, accordingly, the sign of controllability made it possible to classify them as a group of activity predicates.

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