Influence of technological stress on the immunological reactivity of piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
O.V. Kryachko ◽  
◽  
A.O. Budnik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Immunological Reactivity ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Technological Stress ◽  
Lenin Grad

Hematological leukocyte indexes reflect the relationship between different classes of cells of the leukocyte formula and can provide information about intoxication and the state of the immune response in sick animals. Moreover, calculated leukocyte indexes can become an alternative to complex and expen-sive studies to determine the immunogram, cytokine content, and a number of other bio-chemical parameters. In this paper, we con-sidered the nature of changes in immunologi-cal indicators in piglets under technological stress as a result of weaning and regrouping, and we used calculated leukocyte indexes. To organize the research, we selected clini cally healthy Landrace piglets (n=5) in one of the pig breeding complexes in the Lenin-grad region. The studies were conducted one day before weaning of piglets from sows, age 25 days, and two weeks after weaning at the age of 41 days. Blood was collected us-ing a standard method and examined on a hematological analyzer to determine the morphological composition of white blood cells. The calculation of leukocyte indices was performed using formulas that charac-terize the ratio of the content of various forms of white blood cells, and in some cas-es, the rate of precipitation of red blood cells. The functional changes observed by the piglets 'immune system as a result of regrouping stress confirm the negative im-pact of the technological process on the ani-mals' immunity and provide a prerequisite for studying the ways and mechanisms of increasing their protective forces at this stage of the technological cycle. Analysis of integral leukocyte indexes showed an imbal-ance of specific (adaptive) and non-specific (innate) components of immunity in the dy-namics of changes in immunocompetent blood cells against the background of stress.

Candida albicans Shunt Infection: Report of Two Cases

Neurosurgery ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Gower ◽  
Kerry Crone ◽  
Eben Alexander ◽  
David L. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Shunt Infection ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts ◽  
Previous Therapy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Infection of cerebrospinal fluid shunts with Candida albicans is reported in two patients. Scanning electron microscopy in one case demonstrates the relationship of the Candida hyphae to the white blood cells and to silicone plastic. A review of 10 previously reported cases of Candida shunt infection indicates that the infection usually follows a major bacterial infection or direct contamination or occurs spontaneously, Previous therapy has usually involved removal of the shunt, and the role of parenteral antifungal therapy is still unclear. Overall mortality to date is 25%.

The structural and functional changes of blood cells and molecular components in diabetes mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 398 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Szablewski ◽  
Anna Sulima
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Oxygen Binding ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Abstract It is known fact that diabetes mellitus (DM) affects blood cells. Changes in the erythrocyte membrane, disorder in hemoglobin oxygen-binding and modification in mechanical characteristics, are effects of hyperglycemia on red blood cells. Altered susceptibility infection of patients with diabetes has been ascribed to a depression in the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Neutrophil function in patients with diabetes with good glucose control is slightly different than in healthy ones. DM causes significant changes in lymphocytes metabolism and their functions. Patients with diabetes, presenting with acute coronary syndrome, are at higher risk of cardiovascular complications and recurrent ischemic events in comparison to non-diabetic counterparts. Various mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, and abnormalities in coagulation and fibrynolysis have been implicated for this increased atherothrombotic risk. There are many other alterations of blood cells due to DM. In the present review we focused on modifications of blood cells due to DM. Then, as a second point, we explored how the changes affect functions of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

White Blood Cells and the Immune Response

1982 ◽  
pp. 68-89
Author(s):  
N. J. Russell ◽  
G. M. Powell ◽  
J. G. Jones ◽  
P. J. Winterburn ◽  
J. M. Basford
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells

Leucocytosis: Its Relation to, and Significance in, Acute Mental Disorders

1908 ◽  
Vol 54 (227) ◽  
pp. 669-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. F. McDowall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Aspect ◽  
Extended Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
One Step ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
True Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

This paper has for its object the placing on record of a considerable number of observations made during the past eighteen months upon the blood of the insane. It was after the perusal of Dr. Lewis Bruce's work upon the clinical aspect of mental diseases that this special subject suggested itself to me as one deserving minute and extended study. Whereas Bruce deals somewhat minutely with the various constituents of theblood, I have confined my observations to the changes that occur in the number and variety of the white blood-cells, and the relationship these alterations have to the acute mental diseases in which they are found. These researches, though still in their infancy, hold out great encouragement to the belief that in such directions we may yet succeed in arriving at a true knowledge of the pathology of mental diseases, and at the same time advance at least one step in what has hitherto baffled all research-the conditions governing the mutual relations of mind and matter.

scholarly journals Markers of humoral and cell-mediated immune response in primary autoimmune hypophysitis: a pilot study

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Chiloiro ◽  
Antonella Giampietro ◽  
Flavia Angelini ◽  
Vincenzo Arena ◽  
Egidio Stigliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Autoimmune Hypophysitis ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Simultaneous Identification

Abstract Introduction Primary autoimmune hypophysitis (PAHs) is a rare inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland. Although largely investigated, the pathogenesis of PAH is not completely clarified. We aimed to investigate the immune response in PAHs. Material and methods Serum anti-pituitary and anti-hypothalamus antibodies (respectively APAs and AHAs) were investigated though an indirect immunofluorescence on monkey hypophysis and hypothalamus slides, serum cytokines though an array membrane and cell-mediated immunity though the white blood cells count. Results Nineteen PAH cases entered the study. APA or AHA were identified in all cases. APA were detected in 13 patients (68.4%) and AHA in 13 patients (68.4%). Ten patients (52.6%) were simultaneously positive for both APA and AHA. The prevalence of APAs and AHAs was higher as compared to those observed in 50 health controls (respectively 14% p < 0.001 and 24% p = 0.004) and in 100 not-secreting pituitary adenoma (NFPAs) (respectively 22% p = 0.002 and 8% p < 0.001). Similarly, the prevalence of simultaneous positivity for APA and AHA (52.9%) was higher as compared to the those detected in patients affected by NFPAs (0%; p < 0.001) and in health controls (16% p = 0.002). No differences were identified between PAHs and controls at qualitative and quantitative analysis of serum cytokines and white blood cells count. Conclusions This study suggest that APA and AHA may be detected in an high percentage of PAH cases and that their simultaneous identification may be useful for the differential diagnosis between PAH and NFPAs, in an appropriate clinical context.

Analisa Cross-Infection Virus AI Subtipe H5N1 Berdasarkan Imunoserologi pada Burung Air di Cagar Alam Pulau Dua

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Dewi Elfidasari ◽  
Riris Lindiawati Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Domestic Poultry ◽  
Infectious Microorganism ◽  
Water Birds ◽  
Antigen Antibody

<p><em>Abstrak</em><em> </em><strong><em>-</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong>Imunoserologi adalah cara mengidentifikasi terbentuknya antibodi yang diproduksi oleh sel darah putih sebagai respon terhadap masuknya antigen. Salah satu teknik Imunoserologi yang lazim digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan antibodi di dalam darah adalah uji hambatan hemaglutinasi (<em>Hemagglutination-inhibition</em>/HI). Pada uji ini digunakan antigen yang homolog sehingga akan terjadi ikatan antigen-antibodi. Titer antibodi merupakan salah satu indikator dalam menentukan respon imun organisme terhadap suatu infeksi, seperti infeksi Virus <em>Avian Influenza</em> (VAI) subtipe H5N1. Interaksi yang terjadi antara burung air liar dengan unggas domestik dapat menyebabkan <em>cross-infection</em>, baik dari unggas domestik ke burung liar maupun dari burung liar ke unggas domestik. Salah satunya cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk menentukan  pola penularan dan penyebaran VAI subtipe H5N1 pada kawasan CAPD adalah melalui analisa <em>cross-infection</em> berdasarkan imunoserologi dengan melihat titer antibodi yang terbentuk pada unggas (ayam, bebek, mentok) dan burung-burung air liar penetap di kawasan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa <em>cross-infection</em> tidak terjadi pada penyebaran virus </strong><strong>V</strong><strong>AI subtipe H5N1 di kawasan CAPD. Penularan terjadi hanya satu arah, dari unggas domestik ke burung-burung air liar penetap di CAPD.</strong></p><p> </p><p><em>Abstract<strong> - Immunoserology is a method to identify the formation of antibodies that produced by white blood cells as a response to agains the antigen. One of Immunoserology assays technique that commonly used to detect the presence of antibodies is hemagglutination test (Hemagglutination-inhibition/HI). In this study we used homologous antigens to observed the antigen-antibody binding. The antibody titer is an indicator to determining the immune response for the infectious microorganism, such as Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) subtype H5N1. Interactions between wild water birds and domestic poultry can lead the cross-infection mechanism. The analysis of cross-infection by imunoserologi is one of the ways to find the patterns of transmission and spread of the AIV subtype H5N1 in CAPD. The results of this study was indicate that cross-infection did not occur in the spread of AIV subtype H5N1 in the CAPD. The mechanism of transmission was occurs by one direction, only from domestic poultry to wild water birds resident in CAPD.</strong></em></p>

scholarly journals Isolation of human platelet membrane microparticles from plasma and serum

Blood ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
JN George ◽  
LL Thoi ◽  
LM McManus ◽  
TA Reimann
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Glycoprotein Complex ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Membrane Bound

Abstract Methods have been developed to isolate human platelet membrane fragments from plasma and serum. Rabbit antibody produced against the human platelet membrane glycoprotein complex, IIb/IIIa, was utilized in an immunoelectrophoretic assay to evaluate the amount of this antigen in various microparticle preparations. The serum concentration of platelet microparticles was more than tenfold greater than that observed for plasma (65 micrograms/ml versus 4.4 micrograms/ml, respectively). Ultrastructural evaluation of either plasma or serum- derived microparticles disclosed a variety of membrane fragments and membrane-bound vesicles with occasional fragments of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. In contrast, microparticle preparations derived from isolated washed platelets after thrombin stimulation contained a heterogeneous array of membrane fragments, vesicles, and granules but no identifiable red cell, white cell, or platelet fragments. Thus, these studies demonstrate that normal human plasma and serum contain platelet membrane fragments that are produced during cell activation. If a similar loss of platelet membranes occurs in vivo following reversible platelet activation, it is possible that the resulting membrane modifications may be of importance in both the structural and functional changes that develop during platelet senescence.

scholarly journals Methylome-Wide Association Study in Peripheral White Blood Cells Focusing on Central Obesity and Inflammation

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Arpón ◽  
Fermín I. Milagro ◽  
Omar Ramos-Lopez ◽  
Maria L. Mansego ◽  
José-Ignacio Riezu-Boj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
Epigenetic Methylation ◽  
Peripheral White Blood Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Signatures ◽  
The Relationship

Epigenetic signatures such as DNA methylation may be associated with specific obesity traits in different tissues. The onset and development of some obesity-related complications are often linked to visceral fat accumulation. The aim of this study was to explore DNA methylation levels in peripheral white blood cells to identify epigenetic methylation marks associated with waist circumference (WC). DNA methylation levels were assessed using Infinium Human Methylation 450K and MethylationEPIC beadchip (Illumina) to search for putative associations with WC values of 473 participants from the Methyl Epigenome Network Association (MENA) project. Statistical analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were employed for assessing the relationship between methylation and WC. A total of 669 CpGs were statistically associated with WC (FDR < 0.05, slope ≥ |0.1|). From these CpGs, 375 CpGs evidenced a differential methylation pattern between females with WC ≤ 88 and > 88 cm, and 95 CpGs between males with WC ≤ 102 and > 102 cm. These differentially methylated CpGs are located in genes related to inflammation and obesity according to IPA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the top four significant differentially methylated CpGs separated by sex discriminated individuals with presence or absence of abdominal fat. ROC curves of all the CpGs from females and one CpG from males were validated in an independent sample (n = 161). These methylation results add further insights about the relationships between obesity, adiposity-associated comorbidities, and DNA methylation where inflammation processes may be involved.

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