Analisa Cross-Infection Virus AI Subtipe H5N1 Berdasarkan Imunoserologi pada Burung Air di Cagar Alam Pulau Dua

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Dewi Elfidasari ◽  
Riris Lindiawati Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Domestic Poultry ◽  
Infectious Microorganism ◽  
Water Birds ◽  
Antigen Antibody

<p><em>Abstrak</em><em> </em><strong><em>-</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><strong>Imunoserologi adalah cara mengidentifikasi terbentuknya antibodi yang diproduksi oleh sel darah putih sebagai respon terhadap masuknya antigen. Salah satu teknik Imunoserologi yang lazim digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan antibodi di dalam darah adalah uji hambatan hemaglutinasi (<em>Hemagglutination-inhibition</em>/HI). Pada uji ini digunakan antigen yang homolog sehingga akan terjadi ikatan antigen-antibodi. Titer antibodi merupakan salah satu indikator dalam menentukan respon imun organisme terhadap suatu infeksi, seperti infeksi Virus <em>Avian Influenza</em> (VAI) subtipe H5N1. Interaksi yang terjadi antara burung air liar dengan unggas domestik dapat menyebabkan <em>cross-infection</em>, baik dari unggas domestik ke burung liar maupun dari burung liar ke unggas domestik. Salah satunya cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk menentukan  pola penularan dan penyebaran VAI subtipe H5N1 pada kawasan CAPD adalah melalui analisa <em>cross-infection</em> berdasarkan imunoserologi dengan melihat titer antibodi yang terbentuk pada unggas (ayam, bebek, mentok) dan burung-burung air liar penetap di kawasan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa <em>cross-infection</em> tidak terjadi pada penyebaran virus </strong><strong>V</strong><strong>AI subtipe H5N1 di kawasan CAPD. Penularan terjadi hanya satu arah, dari unggas domestik ke burung-burung air liar penetap di CAPD.</strong></p><p> </p><p><em>Abstract<strong> - Immunoserology is a method to identify the formation of antibodies that produced by white blood cells as a response to agains the antigen. One of Immunoserology assays technique that commonly used to detect the presence of antibodies is hemagglutination test (Hemagglutination-inhibition/HI). In this study we used homologous antigens to observed the antigen-antibody binding. The antibody titer is an indicator to determining the immune response for the infectious microorganism, such as Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) subtype H5N1. Interactions between wild water birds and domestic poultry can lead the cross-infection mechanism. The analysis of cross-infection by imunoserologi is one of the ways to find the patterns of transmission and spread of the AIV subtype H5N1 in CAPD. The results of this study was indicate that cross-infection did not occur in the spread of AIV subtype H5N1 in the CAPD. The mechanism of transmission was occurs by one direction, only from domestic poultry to wild water birds resident in CAPD.</strong></em></p>

scholarly journals Comparative safety and efficacy of two bivalent vaccines containing Newcastle disease LaSota and avian influenza H9N2 Sidrap isolate formulated with different oil adjuvants

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2493-2501
Author(s):  
Jossie Intan Cahyani ◽  
Sitarina Widyarini ◽  
Michael Haryadi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Bivalent Vaccine ◽  
Hemagglutination Inhibition Test ◽  
White Mineral

Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) are two devastating diseases of poultry, which cause great economic losses to the poultry industry and disrupt food security in our country. The use of ND-AI inactive bivalent vaccine is very effective and economical to prevent and control ND and AI disease. Bivalent ND LaSota-AI H9N2 vaccine is not yet available in Indonesia. The inactivated vaccines used in poultry industry often require oil adjuvant to elicit a sufficient immune response. This study aimed to develop the bivalent inactive vaccines containing ND LaSota and AI H9N2 Sidrap isolate which are local isolates as poultry vaccine candidates, and formulated with two different commercial adjuvants, then compared. Materials and Methods: Two vaccines bivalent were prepared by emulsifying inactivated Newcastle disease virus (LaSota strain) and AI H9N2 Sidrap isolate viruses with Marcol white mineral oil and Montanide ISA70 adjuvants. Both of bivalent vaccines were tested for safety (physical and histopathological at the injection site) and efficacy in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Parameters used for the evaluation of the efficacy were immunogenicity by hemagglutination inhibition and protection percentage. Results: Both bivalent vaccines are safe to use. Post-vaccination (PV) immune response was observed using a hemagglutination inhibition test at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks of PV. The bivalent vaccine B gives a better immune response to ND at 2, 3, and 4 weeks of PV (p<0.05) compared to the bivalent vaccine A, but in 5, 6, 7, and 8 weeks, the PV does not show differences in the immune response. The immune response to AI H9N2 showed differences at weeks 2 and 3 PV (p<0.05) with the bivalent vaccine B indicated higher immunity. A single immunization with both bivalent vaccines induces 100% protection in chickens that have been vaccinated against the deadly challenge with the virulent ND virus. Conclusion: Both of bivalent vaccines are safe to use and provide good efficacy against virulent ND viruses, but bivalent vaccine B (with Montanide ISA70 adjuvant) shows better immune response than bivalent vaccine A (Marcol white mineral oil adjuvant).

Influence of technological stress on the immunological reactivity of piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
O.V. Kryachko ◽  
◽  
A.O. Budnik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Immunological Reactivity ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Technological Stress ◽  
Lenin Grad

Hematological leukocyte indexes reflect the relationship between different classes of cells of the leukocyte formula and can provide information about intoxication and the state of the immune response in sick animals. Moreover, calculated leukocyte indexes can become an alternative to complex and expen-sive studies to determine the immunogram, cytokine content, and a number of other bio-chemical parameters. In this paper, we con-sidered the nature of changes in immunologi-cal indicators in piglets under technological stress as a result of weaning and regrouping, and we used calculated leukocyte indexes. To organize the research, we selected clini cally healthy Landrace piglets (n=5) in one of the pig breeding complexes in the Lenin-grad region. The studies were conducted one day before weaning of piglets from sows, age 25 days, and two weeks after weaning at the age of 41 days. Blood was collected us-ing a standard method and examined on a hematological analyzer to determine the morphological composition of white blood cells. The calculation of leukocyte indices was performed using formulas that charac-terize the ratio of the content of various forms of white blood cells, and in some cas-es, the rate of precipitation of red blood cells. The functional changes observed by the piglets 'immune system as a result of regrouping stress confirm the negative im-pact of the technological process on the ani-mals' immunity and provide a prerequisite for studying the ways and mechanisms of increasing their protective forces at this stage of the technological cycle. Analysis of integral leukocyte indexes showed an imbal-ance of specific (adaptive) and non-specific (innate) components of immunity in the dy-namics of changes in immunocompetent blood cells against the background of stress.

White Blood Cells and the Immune Response

1982 ◽  
pp. 68-89
Author(s):  
N. J. Russell ◽  
G. M. Powell ◽  
J. G. Jones ◽  
P. J. Winterburn ◽  
J. M. Basford
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells

scholarly journals Markers of humoral and cell-mediated immune response in primary autoimmune hypophysitis: a pilot study

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Chiloiro ◽  
Antonella Giampietro ◽  
Flavia Angelini ◽  
Vincenzo Arena ◽  
Egidio Stigliano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Autoimmune Hypophysitis ◽  
Serum Cytokines ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
Simultaneous Identification

Abstract Introduction Primary autoimmune hypophysitis (PAHs) is a rare inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland. Although largely investigated, the pathogenesis of PAH is not completely clarified. We aimed to investigate the immune response in PAHs. Material and methods Serum anti-pituitary and anti-hypothalamus antibodies (respectively APAs and AHAs) were investigated though an indirect immunofluorescence on monkey hypophysis and hypothalamus slides, serum cytokines though an array membrane and cell-mediated immunity though the white blood cells count. Results Nineteen PAH cases entered the study. APA or AHA were identified in all cases. APA were detected in 13 patients (68.4%) and AHA in 13 patients (68.4%). Ten patients (52.6%) were simultaneously positive for both APA and AHA. The prevalence of APAs and AHAs was higher as compared to those observed in 50 health controls (respectively 14% p < 0.001 and 24% p = 0.004) and in 100 not-secreting pituitary adenoma (NFPAs) (respectively 22% p = 0.002 and 8% p < 0.001). Similarly, the prevalence of simultaneous positivity for APA and AHA (52.9%) was higher as compared to the those detected in patients affected by NFPAs (0%; p < 0.001) and in health controls (16% p = 0.002). No differences were identified between PAHs and controls at qualitative and quantitative analysis of serum cytokines and white blood cells count. Conclusions This study suggest that APA and AHA may be detected in an high percentage of PAH cases and that their simultaneous identification may be useful for the differential diagnosis between PAH and NFPAs, in an appropriate clinical context.

scholarly journals Novel Insights Into the Potential Mechanisms of N6-Methyladenosine RNA Modification on Sepsis-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunction: An Update Summary on Direct and Indirect Evidences

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Miaomiao Xu ◽  
Peng Yue ◽  
Donghui Zhang ◽  
Jiyu Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Cardiovascular Dysfunction ◽  
Immune System Activation

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a host’s dysfunctional response to infection. As is known to all, septic heart disease occurs because pathogens invading the blood stimulate the activation of endothelial cells, causing a large number of white blood cells to accumulate and trigger an immune response. However, in severe sepsis, the hematopoietic system is inhibited, and there will also be a decline in white blood cells, at which time the autoimmune system will also be suppressed. During the immune response, a large number of inflammatory factors are released into cells to participate in the inflammatory process, which ultimately damages cardiac myocytes and leads to impaired cardiac function. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a common RNA modification in mRNA and non-coding RNA that affects RNA splicing, translation, stability, and epigenetic effects of some non-coding RNAs. A large number of emerging evidences demonstrated m6A modification had been involved in multiple biological processes, especially for sepsis and immune disorders. Unfortunately, there are limited results provided to analyze the association between m6A modification and sepsis-induced cardiovascular dysfunction (SICD). In this review, we firstly summarized current evidences on how m6A mediates the pathophysiological process in cardiac development and cardiomyopathy to emphasize the importance of RNA methylation in maintaining heart biogenesis and homeostasis. Then, we clarified the participants of m6A modification in extended inflammatory responses and immune system activation, which are the dominant and initial changes secondary to sepsis attack. After that, we deeply analyzed the top causes of SICD and identified the activation of inflammatory cytokines, endothelial cell dysfunction, and mitochondrial failure. Thus, the highlight of this review is that we systematically collected all the related potential mechanisms between m6A modification and SICD causes. Although there is lack of direct evidences on SICD, indirect evidences had been demonstrated case by case on every particular molecular mechanism and signal transduction, which require further explorations into the potential links among the listed mechanisms. This provides novel insights into the understanding of SICD.

scholarly journals Correction of poor platelet transfusion responses with leukocyte-poor HL-A-matched platelet concentrates

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Herzig ◽  
GP Herzig ◽  
MI Bull ◽  
JA Decter ◽  
HP Lohrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Innocent Bystander ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Matching donor-recipient pairs for HL-A antigens provides a logical starting point for selecting donors for recipients with extensive prior transfusion histories. However, during the course of continued exposure to even HL-A-matched platelet concentrates, further sensitization occurs, as indicated by progressively poorer post-transfusion increments and transfusion reactions. There is evidence that such sensitization may be due to non-HL-A antigens. Finally, it is postulated that the poor post-transfusion platelet increments obtained when standard platelet concentrates are used result from the leukoagglutinin antigen-antibody reaction involving the platelet as an “innocent bystander.” The standard platelet concentrate can be purified by a simple method of centrifugation (178 g times 3 min), removing about 96% of the contaminating white blood cells with concomitant loss of about 21% of the platelets. The use of these leukocyte-poor platelet concentrates can restore compatible transfusion increments in highly alloimmunized thrombocytopenic recipients. The luekocyte-poor concentrates can diminish undesirable transfusion reactions following imcompatible platelet transfusions.

scholarly journals Correction of poor platelet transfusion responses with leukocyte-poor HL-A-matched platelet concentrates

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Herzig ◽  
GP Herzig ◽  
MI Bull ◽  
JA Decter ◽  
HP Lohrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Transfusion ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Innocent Bystander ◽  
Platelet Concentrates ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Abstract Matching donor-recipient pairs for HL-A antigens provides a logical starting point for selecting donors for recipients with extensive prior transfusion histories. However, during the course of continued exposure to even HL-A-matched platelet concentrates, further sensitization occurs, as indicated by progressively poorer post-transfusion increments and transfusion reactions. There is evidence that such sensitization may be due to non-HL-A antigens. Finally, it is postulated that the poor post-transfusion platelet increments obtained when standard platelet concentrates are used result from the leukoagglutinin antigen-antibody reaction involving the platelet as an “innocent bystander.” The standard platelet concentrate can be purified by a simple method of centrifugation (178 g times 3 min), removing about 96% of the contaminating white blood cells with concomitant loss of about 21% of the platelets. The use of these leukocyte-poor platelet concentrates can restore compatible transfusion increments in highly alloimmunized thrombocytopenic recipients. The luekocyte-poor concentrates can diminish undesirable transfusion reactions following imcompatible platelet transfusions.

A White Blood Cell Capturing Biochip Using a 3D Trapping Architecture

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Tripathi ◽  
Nikos Chronis
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Immunological Diseases ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Wbc Count

White blood cells (WBCs) and their subtypes are important constituents of the human immune system as their concentration, quantified by a WBC count test, indicates the state of body’s immune response against infections. These cell count tests are important prognostic and diagnostic indicators for a number of human immunological diseases, most prominent of them being AIDS (1).

scholarly journals Effects of Dombeya Buettneri Extracts on Heamapoietic Indices of Wistar Albino Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
G O Obochi ◽  
D O Ochalefu ◽  
E O.O Amali ◽  
N Ufaruna ◽  
B Myke Mbata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Low Phytic Acid ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

The effects of Dombeya buettneri extracts on electrolyte and heamapoietic indices of wistar albino rats were studied. The results showed that there was a significant increase in red blood cells, white blood cells and hemoglobin, resulting in hemopoiesis and synthesis of hememoiety for hemogloglobin. Thephytochemical composition showed low phytic acid (trace) which suggests antioxidant activity, enhancing immunocompetence. The LD50 obtained was 2.58mg/kg, suggesting that dosage of Dombeya buettneri below this LD50 is safe. This work suggests that Dombeya buettneri may be useful inthe treatment of anemia and may boost immune response, and that administration (dosage) below 2.58mg/kg is safe

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