scholarly journals Characteristics of the Special Physical Fitness of Paddlers at a Distance of 200 m

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Andrii Diachenko ◽  
Olga Rusanova ◽  
Pengcheng Guo ◽  
Xianglin Kong ◽  
Zijian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Test Task ◽  
National Team ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Functional Support

The aim of the study. The overall goal of this manuscript was to gain a better understanding of differences in the level of functional support for special endurance for paddlers of uniform groups (in terms of sports qualification): men kayakers, men canoeists, and women kayakers who specialize in a distance of 200 m. Material and methods. 20 qualified paddlers’ level of functionality is being assessed, among them are a group of elite athletes, the members of the Chinese national team and winners of the 2018 Asian Games. Results. The  important feature of the analysis is the evaluation of the structure of the ergonomic power of a 30-second maximum load. Estimating the average value of the ergometric power of work for 25-30 seconds of operation in accordance with the average power of the entire 30-second load made it possible to determine the ratio of the anaerobic alactic and lactic abilities of the athletes, taking into account the requirements of a 200-meter race for canoe and kayak paddlers.  A significant range of individual differences in the indices of reactive properties of the cardiorespiratory system, which are determined by the ratio of the partial pressure of СО2 and the maximum level of pulmonary ventilation (VE/PaCO2) during the10 and 30 second test task, attracts attention. The range of VE/PaCO2 indicators was: the relation of partial pressure СО2 to pulmonary ventilation in the 10 s test – 2.3 ± 0.8 for men kayakers; 2.3 ± 0.7 for men canoeists; 2.2 ± 0.5 for women kayakers;  the relation of partial pressure СО2 to pulmonary ventilation in the 30 s test – 3.9 ± 1.0 for men kayakers; 3.8 ± 1.1 for men canoeists; 3.6 ± 0.7 for women kayakers. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate differences in the level of functional support for special endurance for paddlers of uniform groups (in terms of sports qualification): kayakers and canoeists who specialize in a distance of 200 m. 

The Effects of Modulation on an RF Discharge in Silane and on the Deposited a-Si:H

1987 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Overzet ◽  
J. T. Verdeyen ◽  
R. M. Roth ◽  
F. F. Carasco
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Rf Discharge ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Optical Bandgaps ◽  
Time Average ◽  
Substrate Temperatures ◽  
Attachment Process

ABSTRACTThe time evolution of the electron density and the optical emission intensity in response to a square wave modulated RF excitation of helium-silane mixtures has been studied and compared to that for the more conventional CW discharge. In addition, the films deposited from CW and modulated RF glows have-been compared on the basis of absorption coefficients and photoconductivities. Films deposited from modulated glows at substrate temperatures below 200°C have significantly smaller optical bandgaps than those deposited from comparable CW discharges. The bulk electron density in the modulated discharge undergoes a complex temporal variation and its time average value can be significantly larger than that in the CW glow despite the lower average power. A dissociative attachment process involving silane radicals, SiHn (n = 1 to 3), is identified as the most probable cause.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CARDIOPULMONARY INDICES OF YOUNG MALE SOCCER PLAYERS WHEN PERFORMING LABORATORY FUNCTIONAL TESTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2021) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Borislava Petrova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Soccer is a high-intensity intermittent team sport where both the aerobic and anaerobic energy systems contribute to the physiological demands of the game. The study aims to search and determine relationships between the values of cardiopulmonary and gas exchange indices during frequently used laboratory tests - the CardioPulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) and the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT), exploring the capacity of the energy systems. Forty-seven soccer players (15.06 ± 0.84 years of age) performed both tests as Oxygen uptake (VO2), Oxygen pulse (O2HR), Pulmonary ventilation (VE), Volume of expired air (VTex), and Breath frequency (BF) were measured online using a breathby-breath cardiopulmonary exercise testing system. Ergometric achievements during WAnT: PP (Peak Power) 662.4 ± 121.2 W; AP (Average Power) 494.67 ± 98.5 W; FI (Fatigue Index) 61.2 ± 28.7%. There was no correlation between WAnT PP and AP and maximum power output in CPET. WAnT VE and VTex correlate significantly with CPET VO2max (r = .676 and r = .772, respectively). The main finding was a presence of approximately identical maximal values of cardiopulmonary parameters achieved in the very different in duration and intensity CPET and WАnT: insignificant differences between CPET versus WAnT: VO2max (55.97 ± 2.02 versus 56.02 ± 17.3 ml.kg.min-1); VEmax (133.96 ± 21.77 versus 126.77 ± 24.77 l.min-1); VTex max (2.19 ± 0.37 l versus 2.06 ± 0.43 l); BFmax (62.20 versus 75.43.min-1). We assume that when conducting WAnT with simultaneous registration of respiration, together with the indices of athletes’ power output, reliable information about the magnitude of VO2max and other cardiopulmonary parameters of players could be obtained. This will greatly facilitate the ongoing control of the exercise conditioning status of athletes.

scholarly journals Share of Strength Parameters of Bench Press and Barbell Bench Pull on a Horizontal Bench in Sports Performance in Kayak Disciplines

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Broďáni ◽  
Natália Dvořáčková ◽  
Monika Czaková ◽  
Zdenek Malík ◽  
Peter Lopata
Keyword(s):  
Bench Press ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Team Members ◽  
National Team

The objective of the study was to deal with the ratio of the parameters of maximum muscle power and power endurance and explain their contribution to the sports performance in kayak disciplines of Slovakia National Team members. Material and methods. Strength parameters were monitored by Tendo Power Analyser in the barbell bench press and pull on a horizontal bench. A diagnostic series of maximum power and effective repetition test for power endurance was performed at both, barbell bench press and bench pull exercises. Determining the factors limiting sports performance in kayak disciplines 200 meters, 500 meters, 1,000 meters, 5,000 meters, and marathon 21,500 meters, the evaluation of dependence between all power variables were used. The stepwise regression was used to reduce the indicators.  Results. It was found out that in kayak sprint disciplines (200 meters, 500 meters) the sports performance in the kayak is influenced by the barbell bench pull more than bench press on the horizontal bench when speaking about the strength parameters. In the middle-distance disciplines (1,000 meters), the ratio of strength parameters is balanced. As the length of kayak disciplines increases (5,000 meters and 21,500 meters), the ratio of strength parameters has changed in favor of the barbell bench press. From the parameters of maximum muscle performance and muscle endurance measured in the barbell bench press and pull on a horizontal bench, the average power of power endurance was demonstrated to explain the sports performance in kayak disciplines.  Conclusion. From the parameters of maximum power and power endurance in the bench press and bench pull in all kayak disciplines, the parameter of average power in power endurance was proved to explain sports performance. Knowledge of these factors will allow optimizing the content of sports training of kayakers, the process of developing their strength skills, and their transformation process into a structure of sports performance and kayaking paddling technique. 

Methods for Reducing a Large Number of Current Profiles to a Small Subset for Riser VIV Analysis

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas F. Lambrakos ◽  
Djoni E. Sidarta ◽  
Hugh M. Thompson ◽  
Atle Steen ◽  
Roger W. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Excitation Mode ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibrations ◽  
Simplified Procedure

The paper presents two different approaches to construct subsets of current profiles from a large set of long term current profiles for the purpose of performing calculations for riser fatigue damage from vortex induced vibrations (VIV). The subsets are intended to reproduce the fatigue damage from the full set of current profiles. In the first approach, the full set of profiles is first sorted into bins based on current magnitude, direction and shear in the profile. The profiles within each bin are then reduced to a single constructed profile through one of many possible current averaging schemes. The present study includes two types of constructed profiles; one profile is generated by the average value of the currents for each bin and the other by the average value plus one standard deviation. The second approach is based on first performing a simplified and computationally efficient VIV analysis of the full set of profiles. The profiles are then sorted into bins by the dominant excitation mode, and then a single profile is chosen to represent all the profiles that excite the mode of interest. The chosen profile for the mode of interest has VIV power-in which is close to the average power-in for all the profiles that excite the mode. The number of profiles in the subset is equal to the number of modes that are excited by the full set of profiles. The VIV power-in in this paper is estimated through a simplified procedure that is consistent with the SHEAR7 methodology. Other available codes can also be used for the simplified VIV calculations.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pigtail with J Anchor Bolt in Normal Concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hairi Osman ◽  
Mohamad Nur Mustaqim Abd Shukor ◽  
Suraya Hani Adnan ◽  
Mohamad Luthfi Ahmad Jeni ◽  
Mohd Sufyan Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Capacity ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Anchor Bolt ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Bending Radius ◽  
Anchor Bolts

Anchor bolts have been used to attach the steel structure of concrete and transfer load into the concrete. Anchor bolts in concrete are to withstand the shear force as they connect steel beams to the reinforced concrete foundations. The research was carried out to increase the understanding and investigating the performance of anchor bolts Pigtail since there is a lack of research on the bolt and to compare it with anchor bolts J which have been widely used by the industry. According to the methodology, testing the tensile load was used in this research to get a maximum load capacity of the anchor bolt in concrete. The sample was embedded in concrete cylinders of 75mm radius and 300mm height. Depths of embedment were 200mm, 230mm, and 260mm. The Universal Testing Machine, UTM was used to test the strength of tensile. 12 samples were used, each type and depth used two samples to get the average value using concrete grade 30. The samples underwent the process of curing for 28 days. The anchor bolts J used a 40mm bending radius and the length of hook was 100mm. Anchor bolts pigtail also used the 10 bending radius with depth of 8mm that have been compressed using 16mm radius rigs with a load of 500kN. Results of the research showed the depth of 260mm for Pigtail almost the same with J 60.529kN and 53.628kN and anchor bolts J were 75.557kN and 76.332kN. Difference of the values was not too far vary when compared with the 200mm and 230mm depths. Each comparison showed the ability of each bolt and anchor bolt failure occurred. Performance of the anchor bolts pigtail can be used on a structure or a higher load at an embedment of 260mm. Embedment of 200mm and 230mm can be used on a lighter load if steel material saving is a priority in every usage.

scholarly journals Experimental analysis of Scheffler reflector water heater

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Patil ◽  
Gajanan Awari ◽  
Mahendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Water Boiling Test ◽  
Maximum Water Temperature ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Storage

The performance of Scheffler reflector has been studied. In this system storage reservoir was installed at Focus point. It has a single large diameter drum which serves the dual purpose of absorber tube and storage tank. The drum is sized to have a storage capacity of 20 liter for experiment. The tests were carried out with this set up and were repeated for several days. Performance analysis of the collector has revealed that the average power and efficiency in terms of water boiling test to be 1.30 kilowatts and 21.61 % respectively against an average value of beam radiations of 742[Wm-2]. The maximum water temperature in the storage tank of 98?C has been achieved on a clear day operation and ambient temperature between 28?C to 31?C.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF TRAINING LOADS AIMED TO DEVELOP THE STRUCTURE OF FUNCTIONAL SUPPORT FOR SPECIAL WORKING CAPACITY AMONG QUALIFIED KAYAKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Olga Rusanova ◽  
Andrii Diachenko ◽  
Zijian Huang ◽  
Xueyan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Biochemical Research ◽  
Special Working ◽  
Functional Support

Introduction. Despite the fact that currently theorists have systematized some aspects of scientific knowledge to increase the efficiency of functional support of special performance of rowers, while the formation of prerequisites for improving the training load of qualified athletes aged 16-17 in kayaking and canoeing has not been the subject of special research. This leads to the isolation of the problematic issue that needs to be studied and analyzed. Aim is to analyze the structure of functional support of special working capacity and to form preconditions for improving the training loads of qualified athletes aged 16-17, who specialize in kayaking and canoeing. Material and methods: analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodical literature sources and the Internet, pedagogical observations and natural pedagogical experiment, instrumental research methods using ergometry, gas analysis, pulsometry, biochemical research methods; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. To optimize the system for assessing the functional support of special performance, a set of indicators was selected that integrally reflect the level of functionality of kayakers. Their assessment is the basis for a more detailed analysis of the structure of the functional support of the special capacity of kayakers 16-17 year old . A more detailed analysis is performed with reduced indicators of cattle capacity and aerobic energy supply, as well as performance. As a rule, it is carried out individually and is aimed at studying the cause of the reduced level of certain indicators. In the course of the research the available material on the problems of control, estimation and interpretation of the most informative and integral indicators of reactions of the cardiorespiratory system (CRS) and energy supply of work is systematized; special working capacity of athletes – kayakers. Conclusion. The presented test results (average-statistical and model values of indicators) showed new possibilities of estimation and interpretation of indicators of functional support of special working capacity of qualified athletes aged 16-17, who specialize in kayaking and canoeing. Systematization of data from special literature and practical experience allowed to establish the prerequisites for improving training loads aimed at forming the structure of functional support for special performance of qualified kayakers, and to identify five groups of exercises.

Group I afferent fibers: effects on cardiorespiratory system

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 932-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Orani ◽  
M. Decandia
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Group I ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Stimulation Of

In anesthetized cats, we examined cardiorespiratory activity during excitation of large afferent fibers from muscle proprioceptors. We found that selective stimulation of group I fibers with electric impulses at 200-300 Hz induces an increase in pulmonary ventilation from control value (mean +/- SE) of 486 +/- 8 to a maximum of 544 +/- 8 ml/min and an increase in mean systemic arterial pressure from control value of 151 +/- 2 to a maximum of 160 +/- 2 mmHg. Neither of these increases was produced by the same stimulation when applied during anodal block of volleys of group I fibers. Hyperpnea could be obtained independently from changes in cardiovascular activity, and the pressor response could be obtained during artificial ventilation at constant tidal volume after curarization. Consequently, it appears that respiratory and cardiovascular responses to stimulation of group I fibers can be independent of each other.

Itinerant Phase Converter with Improved Energy Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 792 ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrubon Mahmadqulovich Djaborov ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich Myatezh ◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Shchurov
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Expected Improvement ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Control Zone ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Bridge Rectifier ◽  
Electric Traction

At present, the control system of electric traction motors is widely used in four-regulators collected on thyristors in a bridge rectifier circuit. The feature switching processes in them are needed to introduce an artificial delay of the thyristors opening angle, which reduces the average value of the power factor up to 0.8. The article assesses the effectiveness of the combination of the rectified voltage from the point of view of increasing the energy performance of the band rectifiers for controlling the traction motor freight locomotives operating on alternating current. With this regulation the greatest effect is achieved in the first control zone, under normal conditions when the power factor is particularly low (0.2 ... 0.6). The expected improvement of the average power factor of the first zone will be about 22%, and taking into account the duration of the performance in all working areas, it should be about 5-10%

scholarly journals Using Pre-Exercise Photobiomodulation Therapy Combining Super-Pulsed Lasers and Light-Emitting Diodes to Improve Performance in Progressive Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Foschini Miranda ◽  
Adriane Aver Vanin ◽  
Shaiane Silva Tomazoni ◽  
Vanessa dos Santos Grandinetti ◽  
Paulo Roberto Vicente de Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Photobiomodulation Therapy ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Red Led

 Skeletal muscle fatigue and exercise performance are novel areas of research and clinical application in the photobiomodulation field, and positive outcomes have been reported in several studies; however, the optimal measures have not been fully established.Context:  To assess the acute effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) combining superpulsed lasers (low-level laser therapy) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on muscle performance during a progressive cardiopulmonary treadmill exercise test.Objective:  Crossover study.Design:  Laboratory.Setting:  Twenty untrained male volunteers (age = 26.0 ± 6.0 years, height = 175.0 ± 10.0 cm, mass = 74.8 ± 10.9 kg).Patients or Other Participants:  Participants received PBMT with either combined superpulsed lasers and LED (active PBMT) or placebo at session 1 and the other treatment at session 2. All participants completed a cardiopulmonary test on a treadmill after each treatment. For active PBMT, we performed the irradiation at 17 sites on each lower limb (9 on the quadriceps, 6 on the hamstrings, and 2 on the gastrocnemius muscles), using a cluster with 12 diodes (four 905-nm superpulsed laser diodes with an average power of 0.3125 mW, peak power of 12.5 W for each diode, and frequency of 250 Hz; four 875-nm infrared LED diodes with an average power of 17.5 mW; and four 640-nm red LED diodes with an average power of 15 mW) and delivering a dose of 30 J per site.Intervention(s):  Distance covered, time until exhaustion, pulmonary ventilation, and dyspnea score.Main Outcome Measure(s):  The distance covered (1.96 ± 0.30 versus 1.84 ± 0.40 km, t19 = 2.119, P < .001) and time until exhaustion on the cardiopulmonary test (780.2 ± 91.0 versus 742.1 ± 94.0 seconds, t19 = 3.028, P < .001) was greater after active PBMT than after placebo. Pulmonary ventilation was greater (76.4 ± 21.9 versus 74.3 ± 19.8 L/min, t19 = 0.180, P = .004) and the score for dyspnea was lower (3.0 [interquartile range = 0.5–9.0] versus 4.0 [0.0–9.0], U = 184.000, P < .001) after active PBMT than after placebo.Results:  The combination of lasers and LEDs increased the time, distance, and pulmonary ventilation and decreased the score of dyspnea during a cardiopulmonary test.Conclusions:

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