The Study of Politeness and Face in 2013 Presidential Election Candidates of Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Hassan Soleimani ◽  
Maliheh Nouraei Yeganeh
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Politeness Theory ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
News Source ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Politeness Strategies

The present paper investigates pragmatic competence by considering some corpora of 2013 Iran presidential debates.The Fararu news source was used for sampling third debate. The present study examined two aspects of pragmatic competence for analyzing the materials. First, Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory was used to examine the positive and/or negative politeness of each candidate’s speech. Then, the study used the Pearson chi-square formula to examine the frequency of politeness strategies used by candidates. Second, Arundale’s (2010) face theory was used to analyze criticism responses exchanges between the candidates. The researchers assumed that, following the theories, pragmatic competence might have a great effect on election’s outcomes and mitigate the threat to candidates’ face. The findings showed a statistically significant difference between the frequencies of politeness strategies used by Iran’s 2013 presidential candidates. Moreover, there was one by one relation between the mitigating of face threatening acts and face constituting strategies used by candidaes. We hope the findings could add to the body of knowledge in both pragmatics and presidential election context.

An Analysis of Pragmatic Competence in 2013 Presidential Election Candidates of Iran: A Comparison of Speech Acts with the Poll Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Soleimani ◽  
Maliheh Nouraei Yeganeh
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Third ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
News Source ◽  
Tv Program

This study tried to investigate pragmatic competence in Iran’s 2013 presidential election candidates. The data were collected from the recorded video of a live TV program at the Fararu news source by sampling the third debate. At first, the researchers employed Austin’s (1962) and Searle’s (1975) theory to extract types of speech act strategies used by the candidates. Then, the study used the Pearson chi-square formula to examine the frequency of speech acts types. Moreover, the present study compared types of locutionary, illocutionery, and perlocutionary speech acts used by candidates with the poll outcomes issued by press media, in order to achieve the assumption that speech acts might have a great effect on election’s outcomes. It found three kinds of locutionary acts: declarative, imperative and interrogative. Also, it found five kinds of illocutionary acts used by some candidates: declarative, representative, directive, expressive, and commissive. Consequently, the candidates were almost equally in using locutionary acts, but they were permanently different in illocutionary acts. Finally, in terms of perlocutionary acts, the candidates were mostly intended to get the hearers know by their assertion, explanation, clarification, argumentation, etc.

scholarly journals 305 FIRST REPORT OF THE USE OF SEXED SEMEN BY FLOW CYTOMETRY IN BOS INDICUS

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
L. Cattaneo ◽  
A. Galassi ◽  
R. Franco ◽  
A. Duarte ◽  
K. Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sexed Semen

The only method of sexing sperm that works in any practical sense is measuring DNA content of individual sperm by flow cytometry, and sorting them based on that information (Schenk and Seidel 2002 J. Anim. Sci. 80 (Suppl. 1), 188). This is, also, the first reference of the use of sexed semen in Brazil. The objective of this experiment was to compare the fertility of sexed and non-sexed conventional semen in Bos indicus purebreeds. Ejaculates from eight Nelore bulls were collected by artificial vagina, diluted, and stained with Hoeschst 33342 (Schenk et al. 1999 Theriogenology 52, 1375–1391). A high-speed flow cytometer (SX-MOFLO®, DakoCytomation, Inc., Fort Collins, CO, USA) was used for sorting X sperm. Sexed semen was then packaged at 3 million total sperm in 0.25-mL straws and frozen. The average estimated purity obtained by resort analysis of one straw per batch was 91.5%. An aliquot of each ejaculate was frozen unsexed at a concentration of 50 × 106 sperm/mL in 0.5-mL straws (control). A total of 283 Nelore heifers were synchronized with two doses of PGF2α 12 days apart and inseminated in the body of the uterus 12 h after heat detection. Field trials were carried out in four different states in Brazil: Minas Gerais (MG), Mato Grosso (MT), Mato grosso do Sul (MS), Rondônia (RO). Pregnancy diagnosis and fetal sex determination were performed by ultrasound 30 and 60 days post-AI, respectively. Data were analyzed by chi-square and Monte Carlo methods. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in pregnancy rate between sexed and non-sexed semen (see Table 1). At the time of abstract submission, of 41 pregnant heifers from sexed semen confirmed by ultrasound, 40 had a female fetus (97%). These results indicate that sexing semen by flow cytometry could be a very important tool to accelerate the genetic gain in Bos indicus cattle. Brazil has the largest commercial herd in the world and, therefore, a great potential to incorporate this technology that is now available in the country. Table 1.

Score Disparity Between the MMSE and the SLUMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann B. Yoelin ◽  
Nathan W. Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Education Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Education ◽  
State Examination

Background: Multiple brief cognitive instruments are available to assess cognitive impairment in older adults. However, not all instruments demonstrate the same effectiveness when utilized with higher educated adults. This study evaluates the score disparity between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the St. Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) Examination across the education spectrum. It was hypothesized that individuals with more years of formal education would produce higher scores on both the MMSE and SLUMS. Previous research was conducted to create a conversion scale used to compare and convert the MMSE scores to SLUMS scores. This research study provides additional data to add to the body of knowledge regarding a conversion scale for the MMSE and SLUMS. Methods: Seventy-five adults older than the age of 60 years were each administered the MMSE and SLUMS. Results: Contrary to our hypothesis, individuals with more years of formal education did not produce significantly greater scores on the MMSE or SLUMS. Likewise, education level analyzed as a continuous measure was not significantly correlated with the MMSE, r(75) = −0.191, or SLUMS, r(75) = 0.019. Interestingly, among participants with a high (but not low) education level, there was a marginal but significant difference in mean score between the MMSE (29.00 ± 1.47) and SLUMS (27.74 ± 3.08), t(64) = 3.70, P < .001. Conclusion: Other factors besides education may impact the performance of older adults on the MMSE and SLUMS, but it does appear that education level may moderate the score disparity between the 2 instruments. Additional studies are needed before using the MMSE to predict the score on the SLUMS and vice versa.

scholarly journals Hubungan Terapi Senam Yoga terhadap Hipertensi pada Lansia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Setiana Andarwulan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chi Square Test

Hypertension is a degenerative disease. This disease is usually suffered by the elderly. The method of treatment taken is through the use of drug consumption [lowering blood pressure, but taking long-term drugs can have a chemical effect in the body, so the use of drugs made from natural ingredients becomes one of the drugs in reducing blood pressure. In addition, yoga can also be used to lower blood pressure. By following exercise regularly. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between blood pressure and yoga exercises. The method used in this research is pre-experimental, with a population of 30 respondents, through the sampling technique, namely total sampling. The result of this research is that there is a difference between the correlation test of yoga exercise and blood pressure through the chi square test, the Asymp value is obtained. Sig. (2-sided) 0.025. There is a significant difference between blood pressure before and after doing yoga exercises.

scholarly journals Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de um colégio militar

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Paixão Fayer ◽  
Maria Marta Conrado ◽  
Luciano Miranda ◽  
Renato Melo Ferreira ◽  
Everton Rocha Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Military College

Introdução: Nas últimas décadas aumentou o número de pessoas acima do peso, incluindo crianças e adolescentes, fato que é considerado preocupante, pois pode acarretar diversas doenças crônicas, em longo prazo.Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de um colégio militar, investigando possíveis diferenças entre os sexos e as faixas etárias.Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, transversal, do qual participaram 381 escolares de um colégio militar de Minas Gerais, de 11 a 17 anos, sendo 213 meninos e 168 meninas. Calculou-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC) que foi classificado segundo o PROESP-BR. Para testar diferenças entre os sexos, utilizou-se o teste do Qui-Quadrado (X2) e para testar a relação entre idade e IMC, utilizou-se a correlação de Pearson. Significância estatística: p < 0,05.Resultados: Foi observado sobrepeso em 17,8% (n = 68) e de obesidade em 5,8% (n = 22) dos escolares. Houve correlação positiva entre a idade cronológica e o IMC (r = 0,32; p < 0,0001). Não houve correlação entre estado nutricional e faixa etária. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos, em relação ao sobrepeso e à obesidade (16,9% e 6,6% nos meninos vs. 19,0% e 4,8% nas meninas, respectivamente).Conclusão: A prevalência sobrepeso e obesidade nos escolares do colégio militar, em conjunto, foi de 23,6%, tanto nos meninos quanto nas meninas, sem diferença significativa entre as faixas etárias. Essa prevalência foi similar à média de escolares brasileiros.Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Students of a Military SchoolIntroduction: Over the past few decades, the number of overweight people, including children and adolescents has increased significantly, a fact that is considered worrying, as it can lead to several chronic diseases in the long term.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren of a military college, investigating possible differences between sexes and age groups.Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out in which 381 students from a military school in Minas Gerais, aged 11 to 17 years, were 213 boys and 168 girls. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to the PROESP-BR. To test for gender differences, the Chi-square test (X2) was used and Pearson's correlation was used to test the relationship between age and BMI. Statistical significance: p <0.05.Results: Overweight was observed in 17.8% (n = 68) and obesity in 5.8% (n = 22) of the students. There was a positive correlation between chronological age and BMI (r = 0.32; p <0.0001). There was no correlation between nutritional status and age range. No significant differences were observed between genders regarding overweight and obesity (16.9% and 6.6% in boys vs. 19.0% and 4.8% in girls, respectively).Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the students of the military college, together, was 23.6% in both boys and girls, with no significant difference between age groups. This prevalence was similar to the average of Brazilian schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Kondisi stres pada karyawan mempengaruhi tingkat konsumsi gula sederhana dan natrium

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Cita Eri Ayuningtyas ◽  
Nurul Putrie Utami ◽  
Widodo Hariyono ◽  
Retno Natalina
Keyword(s):  
Stress Level ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutrition Intake ◽  
Simple Sugar ◽  
Educational Staff

Stress in work staff influenced simple sugar and sodium intakeBackground: Stress is a condition that occurs to individual experiences a burden of a problem that can not solve there for lead to an unspecific response from the body. One of the causes of stress is the load of work. Stress caused by work could lead to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Change of behavior during stress like eating behavior cause of changing appetite on the individual.Objective: This research was aimed to analyze simple glucose and sodium intake during stress in staff.Method: This was a cross-sectional research design. A total of 125 subjects were chosen by purposive random sampling. The subject was the educational staff of Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Data was collected as identity, nutrition intake used the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ), and stress level used Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) questionnaire. The statistical test used the Chi-Square test.Results: There is no significant difference between a simple sugar and sodium intake to stress level (p>0.05). The average of simple sugar and sodium intake classified as normal as much as 56.49±77.20 g for simple sugar intake and as much as 653.30±464.55 mg for sodium derived from food ingredients added salt and preservative foods. Data characteristic showed that the nutritional status of 40,8% of the staff was overweight and obese. Conclusions: There is no significant difference between stress level and simple sugar and sodium intake. 

scholarly journals Comparison of IQ between 4-16 year-old children after cochlear implantation in the left or right ear

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-69
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Brain Lateralization ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose: Hemispheric dominance is associated with more activity in one half of the body, which is very important in the presence of a relationship between the intelligence and brain lateralization. Delayed language development in the children undergoing cochlear implantation can have deleterious effects on their growth, academic performance, adaptation, and social interactions. Regarding this, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between the dominant hand and intelligence in the 4-16 year-old children undergoing cochlear implantation in the left or right ear. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the records of the patients aged within 4-16 years who had undergone cochlear implantation during 2008-2011. The subjects’ IQ was measured using Wechsler test by a neuroscience specialist. Then, the IQ of the children with the right cochlear implant was compared to that of those with left implant. The data were analyzed using the t-test, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test in SPSS version 18. Results: According to the results, there was no significant difference between the children with right and left cochlear implants in terms of the mean IQ score (P=0.54). Furthermore, no significant association was observed between IQ score and right-handedness or left-handedness in the children undergoing cochlear implantation (P=0.17, P=0.8, respectively). Conclusion: As the findings indicated, there was no relationship between the dominant hand and IQ score in the children undergoing cochlear implantation.

scholarly journals ORGANIC PERSONAL CARE COSMETICS: BEHAVIOR OF CHOICE AND CONSUMPTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
Gražina Šniepienė ◽  
Rita Jankauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Survey Sample ◽  
Body Care

Background. The researchers have shown that even small doses of some chemical substances in cosmetics, when absorbing and accumulating in the body, can damage the skin and provoke various diseases. Therefore, the choice of organic cosmetics with certified ingredients can contribute to human health and nature conservation. The survey aimed to determine behavior of choice and consumption of organic cosmetic products according to the consumers’ socio-demographic characteristics. Methods. A quantitative survey was performed, a validated questionnaire and data collection method – a written survey were used. Survey sample – 335 people (38.5 ± 4.07 years old). Data analysis using SPSS 26.0 was performed, calculated percentage frequencies, mean, Pearson’s Chi-Square test to detect statistically significant differences, and Spearman’s correlation was used. Results. The study found that more than half of women used organic cosmetics. A significant difference (p <0.05) was found with age, which showed that organic products were used significantly more often by 26–35-year-old individuals and between the sexes (p = 0.05).  It was found that facial skincare, body care, and hair care products are the most commonly used, while pregnancy skincare products are the least commonly used. Consumers indicated the reasons for choosing these products: health benefits, natural composition, non-polluting environment during production, and recyclability of packaging. Most often, respondents do not use such cosmetics due to unclear labeling and the higher prices of these products.  Sufficient and complete information on the label, a reliable and well-known producer are considered to be the most important identification criteria. In contrast, a special point of sale, clear and attractive promotional/visual information being the least important.   

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN POLA MAKAN PADA BALITA STUNTING DAN TIDAK STUNTING DI KECAMATAN TEON NILA SERUA (TNS) KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trixie Leunupun ◽  
Ani Margawati ◽  
Annastasia Ediati
Keyword(s):  
Child Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
The Difference

Stunting is a condition that describes the growth of children due to long-term malnutrition. Stunting according to WHO is based on the index of the body length compared to age (PB/U) or height compared to the age (TB/U) with the Z-score limit of less than-2 SD. The age of toddlers is an age where child growth and development happens very quickly. In that age toddlers often experience health problems especially nutritional problems. Insufficient nutritional intake can cause stunting and can inhibit children's development. Design of observational analytic research with case-control design in toddlers aged 2-3 years. The population of this research is all toddlers who reside in the working area of Puskesmas Layeni subdistrict of Central Maluku district. Sample research is done using the Lameshow formula. The study used the ratio of 1:1 so that the number of research subjects in the case group was equivalent to the number of research subjects in the control group (i.e. 30 children per group), resulting in a total subject of 60 children. Analysis of the data used to see the difference between variables using the chi-square test. Variable dependent events are stunting and independent dietary variables. The results of the chi-square test show that there is no difference between the diet (the level of energy and protein adequacy) in a stunting toddler and not stunting the value (p > 0.05). The conclusion of the diet (adequacy of energy and protein) respectively in the group of cases is not too much of a significant difference. But in the control group more toddlers with good energy and protein adequacy levels. Keywords: toddler, diet, stunting

Designing a practical lab-based assessment: a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-581
Author(s):  
Ademola Amida ◽  
Isaac Chang ◽  
David Yearwood
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Assessment Design ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Unique Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose This paper aims to present the finding of a practical lab assessment used to evaluate students’ mastery of Ohm’s law. The researchers used an approach combining different instruction types and lab formats to examine whether this combination produced a unique effect on students’ performance. This multifaceted approach provided evidence about how assessment design could affect students’ lab performance. The study also discussed various strategies that could guide instructors and curriculum designers about how to incorporate lab tasks into their curriculum to facilitate students’ mastery of subject content. Design/methodology/approach This study was a quantitative experiment that used a factorial repeated measures design. The design allowed the researchers to measure participants’ task scores and time across different treatment conditions, hence enabling the effects of lab format and instructional type to be observed. All participants were recruited through the convenience sampling strategy. Findings The results suggested that there was a statistically significant difference in the time taken to complete the task. However, no statistically significant difference was recorded in the participants’ task scores. Overall, it appeared that participants performed better in the simulation-based labs with expository instructions. Originality/value The current study contributes to the body of knowledge on the effect of lab format and instructional type on students’ performance in lab-based assessments. The results presented here may also help instructors to determine the most appropriate form of lab formats and instruction types to be used in an electronics course.

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