Factors Affecting  Violence Againts Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACTViolence against women is one of the human rights solutions which tends to increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various factors increase the incidence of violence against women. This systematic literature review aims to identify the factors that influence the increase in incidence in women. Study literature on the Science Direct, Pubmed, Cinahl, EBSCO host and Cochrane Library databases with the PRISMA procedure and the Robvis bias assessment. A total of 5 articles were included in this systematic literature study. The factors that influence the increase in the number of violence against women are personal factors, relationships, community and societal context. ABSTRAKKekerasan pada perempuan merupakan salah satu pelanggaran hak asasi yang cenderung mengalami peningkatan selama pandemic COVID-19. Berbagai faktor meningkatkan angka kejadian kekerasan pada perempuan. Studi sitematik literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi peningkatan kejadian kekerasan pada perempuan. Studi literatur pada database Science Direct, Pubmed, Cinahl, EBSCO host dan Cochrane Library. Desain penelitian yang termasuk dalam kriteria pencarian adalah cross sectional, RCT dan studi review pada tahun 2019-2020. Pencarian awal menghasilkan 313 artikel dan sebanyak 5 artikel termasuk dalam studi literatur sistematik ini setelah melalui prosedur PRISMA dan analisis bias penelitian menggunakan Robvis. Faktor yang memengaruhi peningkatan angka kekerasan pada perempuan adalah faktor personal, hubungan, komunitas dan konteks masyarakat.

Download Full-text

Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the European Union: A Systematic Review

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000392 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 104-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Enrique Gracia ◽

Marisol Lila ◽

Faraj A. Santirso

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Violence Against Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Partner Violence Against Women ◽

The Eu

Abstract. Attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) are increasingly recognized as central to understanding of this major social and public health problem, and guide the development of more effective prevention efforts. However, to date this area of research is underdeveloped in western societies, and in particular in the EU. The present study aims to provide a systematic review of quantitative studies addressing attitudes toward IPVAW conducted in the EU. The review was conducted through Web of Science, PsychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, PUBMED, and the Cochrane Library, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. This review aimed to identify empirical studies conducted in the EU, published in English in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2018, and analyzing attitudes toward IPVAW. A total of 62 of 176 eligible articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. Four sets of attitudes toward IPVAW were identified as the main focus of the studies: legitimation, acceptability, attitudes toward intervention, and perceived severity. Four main research themes regarding attitudes toward IPVAW emerged: correlates of attitudes, attitudes as predictors, validation of scales, and attitude change interventions. Although interest in this research area has been growing in recent years, the systematic review revealed important gaps in current knowledge on attitudes toward IPVAW in the EU that limits its potential to inform public policy. The review outlines directions for future study and suggests that to better inform policy making, these future research efforts would benefit from an EU-level perspective.

Download Full-text

Executive functions in children with heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951121001074 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

William M. Jackson ◽

Nicholas Davis ◽

Johanna Calderon ◽

Jennifer J. Lee ◽

Nicole Feirsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Executive Dysfunction ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Planning Problem ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Context: People with CHD are at increased risk for executive functioning deficits. Meta-analyses of these measures in CHD patients compared to healthy controls have not been reported. Objective: To examine differences in executive functions in individuals with CHD compared to healthy controls. Data sources: We performed a systematic review of publications from 1 January, 1986 to 15 June, 2020 indexed in PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Study selection: Inclusion criteria were (1) studies containing at least one executive function measure; (2) participants were over the age of three. Data extraction: Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors. We used a shifting unit-of-analysis approach and pooled data using a random effects model. Results: The search yielded 61,217 results. Twenty-eight studies met criteria. A total of 7789 people with CHD were compared with 8187 healthy controls. We found the following standardised mean differences: −0.628 (−0.726, −0.531) for cognitive flexibility and set shifting, −0.469 (−0.606, −0.333) for inhibition, −0.369 (−0.466, −0.273) for working memory, −0.334 (−0.546, −0.121) for planning/problem solving, −0.361 (−0.576, −0.147) for summary measures, and −0.444 (−0.614, −0.274) for reporter-based measures (p < 0.001). Limitations: Our analysis consisted of cross-sectional and observational studies. We could not quantify the effect of collinearity. Conclusions: Individuals with CHD appear to have at least moderate deficits in executive functions. Given the growing population of people with CHD, more attention should be devoted to identifying executive dysfunction in this vulnerable group.

Download Full-text

328 Insomnia in older HIV patients: a systematic review

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A131-A131

Author(s):

Igor Freire ◽

Miguel Meira e Cruz ◽

Cristina Salles

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

General Population ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Advanced Age ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Sleep Difficulty ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Previous Diagnosis ◽

Worse Prognosis

Abstract Introduction Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in elderly. Although the HIV-positive population have a similar life expectancy when compared to the general population, some factors may interact with immunity conditions and therefore contribute to a worse prognosis. Little is known however, about the frequency of insomnia in older HIV-positive patients. OBJECTIVE: To systematic review the prevalence of insomnia in older HIV-positive patients. Methods Systematic Review. Several databases were consulted (MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, and VHL) and manual searches were performed. The terms used for the search were related to prevalence, HIV, insomnia, and advanced age. The inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional, cohort, and longitudinal studies. The accepted data were in patients with the previous diagnosis of HIV in advanced age, those over 50 years; studies that report the frequency of insomnia or insomnia symptoms (accepted symptoms: difficulty in starting sleep, difficulty in maintaining sleep, multiple awakenings during sleep and early awakening). The criteria for exclusion were: clinical trials, animal studies, letters, abstracts, conference proceedings, studies with other sleep scales that did not include insomnia. Results There were 2805 publications found in the database and a further 10 articles were included manually. Of this total, four were included in this review, resulting in a total of 2,227 participants. The prevalence of insomnia in HIV-positive patients over 50 years varied from 12.5% to 76.5%. Conclusion The frequency of insomnia was higher in the profile of the population studied than in the general population. This should be clinically relevant in order to adequately treat and impact on the prognosis of those patient. Support (if any):

Download Full-text

Sedentary behaviour among general practitioners: a systematic review

BMC Family Practice ◽

10.1186/s12875-020-01359-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Richard S. Mayne ◽

Nigel D. Hart ◽

Neil Heron

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

General Practitioners ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cochrane Library ◽

Activity Questionnaire

Abstract Background Sedentary behaviour is when someone is awake, in a sitting, lying or reclining posture and is an independent risk factor for multiple causes of morbidity and mortality. A dose-response relationship has been demonstrated, whereby increasing sedentary time corresponds with increasing mortality rate. This study aimed to identify current levels of sedentary behaviour among General Practitioners (GPs), by examining and synthesising how sedentary behaviour has been measured in the primary care literature. Methods A systematic review was conducted to identify studies relating to levels of sedentary behaviour among GPs. Searches were performed using Medline®, Embase®, PscycINFO, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, from inception of databases until January 2020, with a subsequent search of grey literature. Articles were assessed for quality and bias, with extraction of relevant data. Results The search criteria returned 1707 studies. Thirty four full texts were reviewed and 2 studies included in the final review. Both were cross-sectional surveys using self-reported estimation of sedentary time within the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Keohane et al. examined GP trainees and GP trainers in Ireland. 60% reported spending in excess of 7 h sitting each day, 24% between 4 and 7 h, and 16% less than or equal to 4 h. Suija et al. examined female GPs in Estonia. The mean reported daily sitting time was 6 h and 36 min, with 56% sitting for over 6 h per day. Both studies were of satisfactory methodological quality but had a high risk of bias. Conclusion There is a paucity of research examining current levels of sedentary behaviour among GPs. Objective data is needed to determine GPs’ current levels of sedentary behaviour, particularly in light of the increase in remote consulting as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated with Depression and Anxiety in Adults ≥60 Years Old during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182211859 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 11859

Author(s):

Gianluca Ciuffreda ◽

Sara Cabanillas-Barea ◽

Andoni Carrasco-Uribarren ◽

María Isabel Albarova-Corral ◽

María Irache Argüello-Espinosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Population Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional Design

COVID-19 represents a threat to public health and the mental health of the aged population. Prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety have been reported in previous reviews in other populations; however, a systematic review on the factors associated with depression and anxiety in older adults is not currently present in the literature. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest Psychology Database, Science Direct, Cochrane Library and SciELO databases (23 February 2021). The results were obtained by entering a combination of MeSH or Emtree terms with keywords related to COVID-19, elderly, depression and anxiety in the databases. A total of 11 studies were included in the systematic review. Female gender, loneliness, poor sleep quality and poor motor function were identified as factors associated with both depression and anxiety. Aspects related to having a stable and high monthly income represent protective factors for both depression and anxiety, and exercising was described as protective for depression. This study synthesised information and analysed the main factors associated with depression and anxiety in the older population during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the cross-sectional design of most of the included studies does not allow a causal relationship between the factors analysed and depression or anxiety.

Download Full-text

Methods of conduct and reporting of living systematic reviews: a protocol for a living methodological survey

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.18005.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 221 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Assem M. Khamis ◽

Lara A. Kahale ◽

Hector Pardo-Hernandez ◽

Holger J. Schünemann ◽

Elie A. Akl

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Evidence Synthesis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Systematic Review Methodology ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Over Time

Background: The living systematic review (LSR) is an emerging approach for improved evidence synthesis that uses continual updating to include relevant new evidence as soon as it is published. The objectives of this study are to: 1) assess the methods of conduct and reporting of living systematic reviews using a living study approach; and 2) describe the life cycle of living systematic reviews, i.e., describe the changes over time to their methods and findings. Methods: For objective 1, we will begin by conducting a cross-sectional survey and then update its findings every 6 months by including newly published LSRs. For objective 2, we will conduct a prospective longitudinal follow-up of the cohort of included LSRs. To identify LSRs, we will continually search the following electronic databases: Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane library. We will also contact groups conducting LSRs to identify eligible studies that we might have missed. We will follow the standard systematic review methodology for study selection and data abstraction. For each LSR update, we will abstract information on the following: 1) general characteristics, 2) systematic review methodology, 3) living approach methodology, 4) results, and 5) editorial and publication processes. We will update the findings of both the surveys and the longitudinal follow-up of included LSRs every 6 months. In addition, we will identify articles addressing LSR methods to be included in an ‘LSR methods repository’. Conclusion: The proposed living methodological survey will allow us to monitor how the methods of conduct, and reporting as well as the findings of LSRs change over time. Ultimately this should help with ensuring the quality and transparency of LSRs.

Download Full-text

Overuse and underuse of cardiovascular diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for community-dwelling adults: a protocol for a systematic review

HRB Open Research ◽

10.12688/hrbopenres.13330.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Dominic Quinn ◽

David Byrne ◽

Tom Fahey ◽

Rose Anne Kenny ◽

Christine McGarrigle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Healthcare Intervention ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

International Guidelines

Background: Potentially inappropriate care can result from overuse or underuse of treatments, tests, or procedures. Overuse is defined as the use of health services with no clear benefit to the recipient or where harms outweigh benefits and/or costs of care. Underuse is defined as failure to deliver an effective and cost-effective healthcare intervention. Cardiovascular procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting, carotid endarterectomy, coronary angiography, and coronary angioplasty (with/without stenting) are potentially both underused and overused. This systematic review aims to identify rates of potential overuse and underuse of these cardiovascular procedures and explore any associated patient or healthcare system factors. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic search of MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and the Cochrane library will be conducted using a predefined search strategy. Eligible studies for inclusion will examine rates of overuse and underuse of cardiovascular procedures, measured against national/international guidelines, for adults aged ≥18 years. Primary observational studies including cross-sectional and cohort studies will be included. Titles, abstracts, and full texts will be screened for inclusion by two reviewers. Data will be extracted using a standardised form. Risk of bias for all included studies will be assessed using a modified version of the Hoy risk of bias tool. Where adequate data exists, and if statistically appropriate, meta-analyses will be conducted. If statistical pooling of the data is not possible, the findings will be narratively summarised focusing on the review’s objectives. Conclusion: This systematic review will examine overuse and underuse of cardiovascular procedures for adults. The results will help inform policy makers, researchers, patients, and clinicians in the appropriate use of these procedures, in line with international guidelines. Registration: This protocol has been submitted for registration on PROSPERO (CRD42021239041).

Download Full-text

The Added Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Physicians’ Performance in Detecting Thoracic Pathologies on CT and Chest X-ray: A Systematic Review

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11122206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2206

Author(s):

Dana Li ◽

Lea Marie Pehrson ◽

Carsten Ammitzbøl Lauridsen ◽

Lea Tøttrup ◽

Marco Fraccaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Original Research ◽

Quality Assessment Tool ◽

Bias Assessment ◽

X Ray ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Our systematic review investigated the additional effect of artificial intelligence-based devices on human observers when diagnosing and/or detecting thoracic pathologies using different diagnostic imaging modalities, such as chest X-ray and CT. Peer-reviewed, original research articles from EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane library, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were retrieved. Included articles were published within the last 20 years and used a device based on artificial intelligence (AI) technology to detect or diagnose pulmonary findings. The AI-based device had to be used in an observer test where the performance of human observers with and without addition of the device was measured as sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, AUC, or time spent on image reading. A total of 38 studies were included for final assessment. The quality assessment tool for diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) was used for bias assessment. The average sensitivity increased from 67.8% to 74.6%; specificity from 82.2% to 85.4%; accuracy from 75.4% to 81.7%; and Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) from 0.75 to 0.80. Generally, a faster reading time was reported when radiologists were aided by AI-based devices. Our systematic review showed that performance generally improved for the physicians when assisted by AI-based devices compared to unaided interpretation.

Download Full-text

Association Between Spirituality/religiousness and Quality of Life Among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-105884/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

CEZIMAR CORREIA BORGES ◽

PATRÍCIA ROBERTA DOS SANTOS ◽

POLISSANDRO MORTOZA ALVES ◽

RENATA CUSTÓDIO MACIEL BORGES ◽

GIANCARLO LUCCHETTI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Academic Research ◽

Positive Association ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is determined by multiple factors that include components such as spirituality and religiousness (S/R). Even though various systematic reviews have investigated the association between S/R and improved health outcomes in the most different groups, healthy young individuals are seldom addressed. The aim this study was to evalue the association between S/R and HRQoL among young, healthy individuals.Methods: Systematic review of papers published in the last ten years and indexed in four academic research databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) and two gray literature databases. Inclusion criteria were studies assessing S/R and HRQoL using validated instruments and assessing healthy adults (i.e., non-clinical patients, not belonging to any specific group of chronic diseases), aged between 18 and 64 years old. Results: Ten out of 1,952 studies met the inclusion criteria: nine cross-sectional and one longitudinal cohort study, in which 89% of the participants were college students. Nine studies report a positive association between S/R and HRQoL, while one study did not report any significant association. The main HRQoL domains associated with S/R were the psychological, social relationships, and environment domains, while the S/R most influent facets/components were optimism, inner strength, peace, high control, hope, and happiness. Conclusions: Higher S/R levels among healthy adult individuals were associated with higher HRQoL levels, suggesting the S/R can be an important strategy to deal with adverse environmental situations even among those without chronic diseases, enhancing the wellbeing of individuals. Registration of systematic review: PROSPERO - CRD42018104047

Download Full-text

Association between organ damage and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031850 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e031850 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irene B Murimi-Worstell ◽

Dora H Lin ◽

Henk Nab ◽

Hong J Kan ◽

Oluwadamilola Onasanya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Latin American ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Damage Index ◽

Organ Damage ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Systemic Lupus ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectiveAt least half of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) develop organ damage as a consequence of autoimmune disease or long-term therapeutic steroid use. This study synthesised evidence on the association between organ damage and mortality in patients with SLE.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsElectronic searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature for observational (cohort, case-control and cross-sectional) studies published between January 2000 and February 2017. Included studies reported HRs or ORs on the association between organ damage (measured by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) score) and mortality. Study quality was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa assessment. Pooled HRs were obtained using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane Q (Q) and I2 statistics.ResultsThe search yielded 10 420 articles, from which 21 longitudinal studies were selected. Most studies (85%) were of high quality. For 10 studies evaluating organ damage (SDI) as a continuous variable and reporting HR as a measure of association, a 1-unit increase in SDI was associated with increased mortality; pooled HR was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.24 to 1.44, p<0.001; Q p=0.027, I2=52.1%). Exclusion of one potential outlying study reduced heterogeneity with minimal impact on pooled HR (1.33 (95% CI: 1.25 to 1.42), p<0.001, Q p=0.087, I2=42.0%). The 11 remaining studies, although they could not be aggregated because of their varying patient populations and analyses, consistently demonstrated that greater SDI was associated with increased mortality.ConclusionsOrgan damage in SLE is consistently associated with increased mortality across studies from various countries. Modifying the disease course with effective therapies and steroid-sparing regimens may reduce organ damage, improve outcomes and decrease mortality for patients with SLE.

Download Full-text