scholarly journals Clinico-etiological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial keratitis in the era of automated platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Dr. Ranjana Rohilla ◽  
◽  
Dr. Aroop Mohanty ◽  
Dr. Suneeta Meena ◽  
Dr. Neelam Kaistha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Keratitis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Microbial keratitis is one of the most significant causes of blindness in our country.Knowledge regarding the aetiology and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in a specific region is crucial forthe ideal management of these infections. Materials and Methods: A prospective study wherecorneal scrapings from 161 suspected cases of microbial keratitis were collected and were subjectedto direct microscopy by gram stain and bacterial culture and identification as well as antibioticsensitivity testing. Results: A total of 57 samples turned out to be positive out of the total 161 andwere shared equally by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. All these culture-positivebacteria were also identified by MALDI TOF-MS and were speciated. Few rare organisms which couldnot be identified by conventional means were also recovered using the same. Most of the gram-positive isolates showed good sensitivity to vancomycin and ciprofloxacin whereas Pseudomonas sppwas found to be resistant to the aminoglycosides. Conclusion: Right knowledge about the localprofile of bacterial causes of keratitis along with its antibiotic resistance pattern will help theclinicians immensely and help them to initiate the correct empirical therapy bases on the smearresults without wasting crucial time.

scholarly journals BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF HOSPITALACQUIRED SEPTICEMIA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN NORTH EAST INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Aroop Mohanty ◽  
Shantikumar Singh T ◽  
Ankita Kabi ◽  
Pratima Gupta ◽  
Priyanka Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
North East ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the bacterial agents responsible for hospital acquired septicaemia and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile of the bacterial isolates.Methods:  Three hundred fifty hospitalized clinically suspect septicaemia cases were included in this cross sectional observational study during a period of one year. Blood samples were collected with aseptic precautions for culture following universal precautions. Anti-microbial susceptibility test of the bacterial isolates was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, USA) guidelines.    Results: Over two-thirds of cultures showed gram positive organism. The most frequently identified Gram positive bacteria were coagulase negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus. Among gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and Salmonella typhi were isolated. In our study, coagulase negative staphylococci showed maximum resistance to penicillin and erythromycin. Enterobactereciae had maximum sensitivity to carbapenems, tigecycline and aminoglycosides.Conclusion: Gram positive pathogens predominated in the blood stream infections. Résistance to fluoroquinolones, especially in Gram negative bacteria was significantly high. Therefore, rapid microbiological diagnosis and the determinants of antimicrobial susceptibility become relevant for early initiation of antimicrobial therapy.     

scholarly journals Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Clinically Significant Coagulase-negative Staphylococci

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
A Nazir ◽  
A Shah ◽  
D Kakru ◽  
S M Kadri
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
A Prospective Study

Aims: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and pathogenicity of coagulase-negative staphylococci in clinical samples and to study the antibiotic-sensitivity pattern of the coagulase-negative isolates. Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of two years on patients admitted in the Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences. Blood, urine, pus, catheter tips, cerebrospinal fluid and peritoneal fluid samples of patients who fulfilled the criteria for being labeled as nosocomial were cultured. Results: One hundred and six strains of coagulase negative staphylococci were isolated from the samples and among them 90 isolates were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (84.90%). Most of the coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates were resistant to penicillin, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Methicillin resistance was found in a significant number of coagulase-negative isolates. All the isolates were found to be sensitive to vancomycin. Conclusions:  The results of the study emphasized that isolation of coagulase-negative staphylococci should be viewed with serious concern and accurate species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be performed in all cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v9i2.11769

scholarly journals Antimicrobial drug sensitivity pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in respiratory infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1591
Author(s):  
Syed S. Ameen ◽  
Shanmukananda Prakash ◽  
Laxminarayana Bairy K. ◽  
Shahabuddin Soherwardi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Male Preponderance

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative pathogen commonly associated with nosocomial infections is the most widespread multidrug-resistant pathogen causing pneumonia in hospitalized patients. Inadequate empirical therapy has been associated with high mortality and morbidity. Objective: To evaluate and analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of P. aeruginosa in respiratory infections in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: The study was carried out at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal from Jan 2011 to Dec 2011. Specimens of 63 in-patients were analyzed who were culture positive for P. aeruginosa.Results: Majority of patients were aged above 40yrs with a male preponderance. Specimens were taken from patients who were diagnosed with bronchiectasis, pneumonia, COPD, bronchial asthma etc. Overall the organism was most sensitive to carbapenems (87.3%) followed by cefoperazone-sulbactam combination (85.7%). Sensitivity to ceftazidime and cefepime was equal (82.5%) and was more when compared to piperacillin-tazobactam (81.5%). Overall resistance rate was highest for fluoroquinolones (23.8%) followed by aztreonam (22.2%).Conclusions: Hence we would like to recommend cefoperazone-sulbactam as the preferred antipseudomonal agent and carbapenems as reserved drugs in treating pseudomonal lung infections. Use of fluoroquinolones and aztreonam as monotherapy in resistant P. aeruginosa infections should be restricted.

scholarly journals Development of Antibiogram for Secondary Health care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 974-980
Author(s):  
Anand Vijayakumar PR ◽  
Lalramengmawii ◽  
Lalduhawmi TC ◽  
Manisha S ◽  
Shekhar S Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Secondary Health Care ◽  
Infectious Microorganism ◽  
A Prospective Study

Antibiotics resistance is an emerging problem in the management for infectious diseases. Patients are many a time prescribed with antibiotics without knowing that particular antibiotic sensitivity pattern with respect to the infectious microorganism. This study aims to detect the type of microbes causing certain infections in the hospital and also to detect the sensitivity pattern of the antibiotics to these microbes. We conducted a prospective study for six months on the neonates who were admitted in NICU. The blood samples were collected from these neonates before the administration of antibiotics. The swab samples were also collected from various places of this hospital to detect the types of microorganisms present in the hospital and to study the sensitivity of the antibiotics toward these microbes. The antibiotics used in this study were Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Amikacin, Piperacillin, Meropenam, and Vancomycin. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were found to be the most common pathogens implicated in neonate's infection. All the organisms showed absolute sensitivity mostly to Ampicillin, Gentamicin, and Piperacillin and resistant to Cefotaxime, Amikacin, and Vancomycin. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus infleunzae, Kleibseilla pneumoniae, Escherichia coli were the most common microorganism found in the swab samples collected from the hospital. Most of these microorganisms shows sensitivity towards Ampicillin, Gentamicin, and Meropenam but were resistance to Cefotaxime, Amikacin, and Vancomycin. A routine bacterial surveillance of prevalent organisms and the study of the sensitivity patterns of the pathogens responsible for neonatal infection should be made an essential component for neonatal care. This information from many parts of the country will be important in policymaking on antimicrobial use not only locally but also internationally.

scholarly journals Diabetic Foot Infection: Causative Pathogens and Empiric Antibiotherapy Considerations—The Experience of a Tertiary Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Miguel Neves ◽  
Bruno Duarte ◽  
Margarida Pinto ◽  
Ana Formiga ◽  
José Neves
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tertiary Center

Most moderate-to-severe diabetic foot infections (DFIs) require hospitalization with urgent surgical approach and administration of empiric antibiotherapy. To ensure optimal antibiotic coverage, regular microbiological background updates are imperative. The purpose is to characterize the microbiological profile and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the DFI causative pathogens isolated within a specialized DFI unit of a tertiary hospital, in order to establish evidence-based policies regarding empirical antibiotic use. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Microbiological cultures and corresponding antibiotic sensitivity tests collected from moderate-to-severe DFIs as a first approach to the hospitalized patient were retrieved and analyzed during a 12-month period. Two groups were analyzed: inpatients that had been previously followed at the diabetic foot clinic of the hospital and inpatients without a previous contact with the hospital services. A total of 125 isolates obtained from 87 patients were deemed for analysis. Globally, a predominance of Gram-positive bacteria was observed (60%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen. The global ratio of methicillin-sensitive S aureus to methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) was 1.3:1, with similar findings in both groups. According to the antibiotic sensitivity test results, and within the recommended empiric antibiotic regimens for DFI, piperacillin/tazobactam seems to be the most suitable option. Gram-positive bacteria prevail as the main isolates in DFIs. Screening for MRSA-specific risk factors is mandatory. When going for a first empiric therapy, piperacillin/tazobactam is recommended in this institution, and an anti-MRSA agent should be added early, if necessary. We encourage continuous monitoring for the bacterial prevalence in Portuguese diabetic foot centers as it is paramount for the decision making regarding DFI protocols.

scholarly journals Prevalent Bacteria and Their Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern to Antibiotics: A Study in Dhaka Medical College Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zaid Hossain ◽  
Akhtarun Naher ◽  
Pratyay Hasan ◽  
Kazi Tuba E Mozazfia ◽  
Homyra Tasnim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Medical College Hospital ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Changes Over Time

Background and rationale: Antibiotic resistance is a global problem. Many factors are complexly related to the issue in multiple dimensions. Bangladesh is right in the middle of this great calamity, and is seeing the rise in resistant strains of several bacteria. Very sadly, the prevalent malpractice of abusing antibiotics in Bangladesh contributes to add complexity to the danger which may prove to be possibly the greatest threat humans have ever faced. There is much scarcity of medical literature in Bangladesh, on the antibiotic sensitivity pattern and prevalent microorganisms. Moreover, antibiotic sensitivity pattern changes over time and place. Again, most of the studies done in Bangladesh, concentrate on a single disease, pathogen, or specimen. This study attempts to see the prevalent microorganisms and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern in multiple types of specimens collected from Dhaka Medical College Hospital. This study also attempts to establish a way of presentation of the relevant findings which can be used in future to ensure easy comparability and contrasting of findings.Methods: The specimens were collected from the adult patients (age >12 years) admitted in the Internal Medicine ward of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of 6 months. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling method. Specimens which were culture positive, were only included in the study for analysis. Multiple specimens were taken.Results: S. aureus was 100% sensitive to amikacin, moxifloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, vancomycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, tigecycline, nitrofurantoin, azactum, linezolid and 100% resistant to cefixime. Enterobacter was 100% sensitive to penicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, doxycycline, tetracycline, tigecycline and 100% resistant to cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, levofloxacin, vancomycin. E. coli was 100% sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, vancomycin, tigecycline and 100% resistant to mecillinam, aztreonam. Klebsiella was 100% sensitive to flucloxacillin, colistin, vancomycin, tigecycline, linezolid and 100% resistant to nalidixic acid. Proteus was 100% sensitive to cephradine, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, netilmicin, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, tetracycline, tigecycline, azithromycin, azactum and 100% resistant to doxycycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and cefuroxime. Pseudomonas was 100% sensitive only to amikacin, netilmicin, and 100% resistant to cefixime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, doxycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol. Salmonella typhi was 100% sensitive to amoxicillin, cefoxitin, cefixime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, netilmicin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, azactum and 100% resistant to cephradine, doxycycline, tetracycline, nalidixic acid. MRSA was 100% sensitive to imipenem, vancomycin, teicoplanin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid and 100% resistant to cefpirome, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, netilmicin, tetracycline, clarithromycin. Acinetobacter was 100% sensitive to penicillin, cefuroxime, colistin, piperacillin+tazobactum combination, tigecycline, chloramphenicol and 100% resistant to cefixime, nalidixic acid. Citrobacter freundii was 100% sensitive to ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, netilmicin, nalidixic acid and 100% resistant to ampicillin, cefixime, nitrofurantoin.Conclusion: More and more antibiotics are becoming ineffective due to emergence of resistance. Serious actions should be taken. Awareness should be raised from the policy maker level to the physicians and patients.J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 26, No.1, April, 2017, Page 52-64

scholarly journals Prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in selected street food and water samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Tabassum ◽  
Mihir Lal Saha ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Bacillus Spp

Present study was conducted to determine the bacteria and their multi-drug resistance pattern of Velpuri and water of Velpuri shop of different areas of Dhaka city. A total of 74 bacteria were isolated of which 26 isolates were subjected for further study. Eleven and 15 isolates from 26, were found Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively. Three isolates of Gram-positive bacteria were found rod shaped and spore formers which were identified as Bacillus spp. while eight isolates were found round shaped and nonspore formers and identified as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Planococcus, Micrococcus. In case of Gramnegative bacteria, Alcaligenes, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Proteus, Klebsiella, Yersinia were found to be associated with the samples. Among 26 isolates Pseudomonas and Planococcus were found to be dominating genera. Besides provisional identification, four selected isolates were further confirmed through molecular characterization based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Antibiotic sensitivity test results revealed that isolated bacteria were resistant against common antibiotics like penicillin G (80.77%), vancomycin (61.53%) and rifampicin (57.70%). Among the isolates Pseudomonas, Enterobacter cloacae, Eshcherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus morganii, Yersinia enterocolitica were found to be multi-drug resistant which is very much alarming for the consumers.

scholarly journals Neonatal Bacterial Sepsis and Its Susceptibility Pattern in Neonatal Care Unit of Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Abdul Hameed Tunio ◽  
Delijan Mugheri ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Wasim Sarwar Bhatti ◽  
Abdul Majeed Soomro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Background: The drug resistance and pathogens are different in various Hospitals of any country. Very high resistance pattern is observed nowadays to the frequently used antibiotics. The important observation has been noted that most of the doctors do not obtain blood cultures before start of the antibiotics, which becomes competent source of resistance. For the same purpose, this study has been done to find out the responsible microbes causing ailment and their susceptibility towards antibiotics to plan early and effective management. Materials and Methods: A number of 100 new borns admitted in the NICU CMC Children Hospital Larkana with signs and symptoms of sepsis were included in this research work. The study will help in provision of a comprehensive record on microorganisms causing sepsis in the neonates and their antibiotic sensitivity. The epidemiology and presence of neonatal sepsis in particular area makes it more easy and convenient to implement the rationale of empirical antibiotic strategy. Results: From100 neonatal blood samples taken for culture, only 21 proved to be positive which stands 21%. In majority gram positive bacteria were found in (85.71%=18 cases) and gram negative bacteria stood (14.28%=3 cases).Staphylococcus species were found on the large scale (52.38%=11 cases) secondly Streptococcus species (33.33%=7 cases) and the remaining were Escherichia species being least common (14.28%=3 cases). Conclusion: Staphylococcus species provided major share as gram positive bacteria and Escherichia species were found to be major gram negative bacterial population responsible for neonatal sepsis. Profound resistance pattern is seen against widely used antibiotics. It is mandatory to have a routine check over the antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals UPDATES IN ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY OF BILIARY TRACT INFECTIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Cristian Balahura ◽  
◽  
Petre Iacob Calistru ◽  
Gabriel Constantinescu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Biliary Stent ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. The management of biliary tract infections involves systemic antibiotherapy and a biliary drainage procedure. Current guidelines provide recommendations for empirical antimicrobial therapy in cholangitis but development of multi-drug resistant organisms can make many of these antibiotics ineffective. This study aimed to analyze the microbiology of bile and the susceptibility profiles of organisms identified in patients with extrahepatic cholestatis, with or without a previously placed biliary stent. Materials and methods. We conducted a prospective study including 136 patients with biliary obstruction who were endoscopically drained between June 2014 and March 2015 in Emergency Hospital “Floreasca”, Bucharest. One hundred and four of these patients had no biliary stent in situ (group 1). Thirty-two procedures were performed in patients with at least one biliary stent in place (group 2). Microbiological examination of bile aspirates was performed and antibiotic susceptibilities were determined for the isolated bacteria. Results. One hundred eighteen of 136 analyzed cultures were positive (81% in group 1 vs. 100% in group 2; p<0.05). In both groups, the most frequent pathogens were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. The most effective antimicrobial agents against Gram-negative bacteria in group 1 and group 2 were imipenem, cefoperazone/sulbactam and piperacillin/tazobactam. Susceptibilities to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefepime and fluoroquinolones were significantly lower in group 2. Conclusion. This survey shows that Gram-negative bacteria are the predominant bile pathogens found in patients with cholestatis. Cefoperazone/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam or imipenem can be recommended in biliary infections. Cephalosporins and fluroquinolones should not be used as empirical therapy if a biliary stent is in place.

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