scholarly journals Design and Application of Slow-Release Pesticide Formulations Embedded in a Biodegradable Matrix Based on Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)

2019 ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Prudnikova ◽  
Tatiana G. Volova
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Fungicidal Action ◽  
Pesticide Formulations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Melilotus Albus

The latest trend in agriculture is the development and application of environmentally friendly pesticides with targeted and controlled release of active ingredients embedded in biodegradable polymer bases. In this work, a series of experimental slow-release pesticide formulations was produced using composites of degradable polyester poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and natural materials as a matrix for embedding two agrochemicals – a fungicide (tebuconazole) and an herbicide (metribuzin). The structure, physicochemical properties and degradation rate of long-term formulations and the kinetics of active ingredient release from the matrix were studied in laboratory soil microecosystems. The experimental formulations allowed for a gradual release of agrochemicals into the soil for two months without abrupt emissions, providing long-term plant protection against pathogens and weeds. In contrast to the free forms of the agrochemicals, the analysis showed an absence of noticeable shifts and negative impacts on soil bacterial communities with the introduction of the developed formulations. The fungicidal action of long-term tebuconazole was confirmed on model Triticum aestivum plants infected with a complex of root rot pathogens (Alternaria, Fusarium, and Bipolaris). The efficacy of embedded metribuzin on model Melilotus albus weeds was comparable to that of the free forms of this herbicide. This work has produced new data on biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates for constructing long-term formulations of agropreparations. The fundamentals have been provided for constructing environmentally friendly and targeted controlled-release formulations of crop protection products against pathogens and weeds

Environmentally Friendly Slow Release Nano-Chemicals in Agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 220-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Kothari ◽  
Khursheed Ahmad Wani
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Slow Discharge ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Population ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Agriculture is important for people all over the world in order to obtain food to sustain the ever-growing population. However, the current practices for obtaining more and more food has several environmental challenges. Hence, new environmentally friendly fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides have been developed that enhance crop yield by facilitating maximum nutrient uptake by the application of nanotechnology that will help in promoting sustainable agriculture by the slow or controlled release fertilizers. This slow discharge encourages improved delivery of nutrients to the plants that further speeds up early germination, fast growth, and high nutritional level. The current study is aimed to review nano-chemicals used in agriculture that have been developed by the researchers all over the world.

scholarly journals Bacterium-Mediated RNA Interference: Potential Application in Plant Protection

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Goodfellow ◽  
Daai Zhang ◽  
Ming-Bo Wang ◽  
Ren Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Applications

RNAi has emerged as a promising tool for targeting agricultural pests and pathogens and could provide an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional means of control. However, the deployment of this technology is still limited by a lack of suitable exogenous- or externally applied delivery mechanisms. Numerous means of overcoming this limitation are being explored. One such method, bacterium-mediated RNA interference, or bmRNAi, has been explored in other systems and shows great potential for application to agriculture. Here, we review the current state of bmRNAi, examine the technical limitations and possible improvements, and discuss its potential applications in crop protection.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Technology of Nanoemulsion-Based Pesticide Formulation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isshadiba Faikah Mustafa ◽  
Mohd Zobir Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Pesticide Formulations ◽  
Pesticide Formulation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Unique Chemical

Declines in crop yield due to pests and diseases require the development of safe, green and eco-friendly pesticide formulations. A major problem faced by the agricultural industry is the use of conventional agrochemicals that contribute broad-spectrum effects towards the environment and organisms. As a result of this issue, researchers are currently developing various pesticide formulations using different nanotechnology approaches. The progress and opportunities in developing nanoemulsions as carriers for plant protection or nanodelivery systems for agrochemicals in agricultural practice have been the subject of intense research. New unique chemical and biologic properties have resulted in a promising pesticide nanoformulations for crop protection. These innovations—particularly the nanoemulsion-based agrochemicals—are capable of enhancing the solubility of active ingredients, improving agrochemical bioavailability, and improving stability and wettability properties during the application, thus resulting in better efficacy for pest control and treatment. All of these—together with various preparation methods towards a greener and environmentally friendly agrochemicals—are also discussed and summarized in this review.

scholarly journals Biodegradable Blends of Grafted Dextrin with PLGA-block-PEG Copolymer as a Carrier for Controlled Release of Herbicides into Soil

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Lewicka ◽  
Piotr Rychter ◽  
Małgorzata Pastusiak ◽  
Henryk Janeczek ◽  
Piotr Dobrzynski
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Unchanged Form ◽  
Potential Use

The presented work aimed to test influence of poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly (ethylene oxide) copolymer modification by blending with grafted dextrin or maltodextrin on the course of degradation in soil and the usefulness of such material as a matrix in the controlled release of herbicides. The modification should be to obtain homogenous blends with better susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Among all tested blends, which were proposed as a carrier for potential use in the controlled release of plant protection agents, PLGA-block-PEG copolymer blended with grafted dextrin yielded very promising results for their future applications, and what is very importantly proposed formulations provide herbicides in unchanged form into soil within few months of release. The modification PLAGA/PEG copolymer by blending with modificated dextrins affects the improvement of the release profile. The weekly release rates for both selected herbicides (metazachlor and pendimethalin) were constant for a period of 12 weeks. Enzymatic degradation of modified dextrin combined with leaching of the degradation products into medium caused significant erosion of the polymer matrix, thereby leading to acceleration of water diffusion into the polymer matrix and allowing for easier leaching of herbicides outside the matrix.

Environmentally Friendly Slow Release Nano-Chemicals in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 409-425
Author(s):  
Richa Kothari ◽  
Khursheed Ahmad Wani
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Slow Discharge ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Population ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Agriculture is important for people all over the world in order to obtain food to sustain the ever-growing population. However, the current practices for obtaining more and more food has several environmental challenges. Hence, new environmentally friendly fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides have been developed that enhance crop yield by facilitating maximum nutrient uptake by the application of nanotechnology that will help in promoting sustainable agriculture by the slow or controlled release fertilizers. This slow discharge encourages improved delivery of nutrients to the plants that further speeds up early germination, fast growth, and high nutritional level. The current study is aimed to review nano-chemicals used in agriculture that have been developed by the researchers all over the world.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Rape Protection Against Pests in the Years 2006-2009 in Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-332
Author(s):  
Felicyta Walczak ◽  
Maria Golinowska ◽  
Anna Tratwal ◽  
Andrzej Bandyk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Pollen Beetle ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Cabbage Seed ◽  
Weed Infestation

Effectiveness of Rape Protection Against Pests in the Years 2006-2009 in Poland Long-term research on the intensification of economically significant pests in rape cultivation has been conducted by the Plant Protection Institute - National Research Institute (PPI - NRI) Poznań, Poland. This research has allowed for a determination of the economic effectiveness of chemical plant protection against pests. The research was conducted during the 2006-2009 time period. Results showed that the economic effectiveness expressed in approximate profitability indexes E1 and E2 in rape cultivation in Poland was diversified. The values were influenced by the selling prices of rape, intensification of pest occurrence, and yield. To prevent losses in yields, chemical crop protection has been implemented. In 2006, rape underwent an average of two treatments against pests: one against diseases and one reducing weed infestation. The primary rape-attacking pests from 2006 to 2009 were: rape pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.), cabbage stem weevil (Ceutorhynous quadridenz Penz), cabbage seed weevil (Ceutrohynorus assimillis Payk.) and pod gall midge (Dasyneura brassicae Winn.).

scholarly journals NCs-Delivered Pesticides: A Promising Candidate in Smart Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13043
Author(s):  
Qiuli Hou ◽  
Hanqiao Zhang ◽  
Lixia Bao ◽  
Zeyu Song ◽  
Changpeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Application Mode ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Harsh Condition

Pesticides have been used extensively in the field of plant protection to maximize crop yields. However, the long-term, unmanaged application of pesticides has posed severe challenges such as pesticide resistance, environmental contamination, risk in human health, soil degradation, and other important global issues. Recently, the combination of nanotechnology with plant protection strategies has offered new perspectives to mitigate these global issues, which has promoted a rapid development of NCs-based pesticides. Unlike certain conventional pesticides that have been applied inefficiently and lacked targeted control, pesticides delivered by nanocarriers (NCs) have optimized formulations, controlled release rate, and minimized or site-specific application. They are receiving increasing attention and are considered as an important part in sustainable and smart agriculture. This review discussed the limitation of traditional pesticides or conventional application mode, focused on the sustainable features of NCs-based pesticides such as improved formulation, enhanced stability under harsh condition, and controlled release/degradation. The perspectives of NCs-based pesticides and their risk assessment were also suggested in this view for a better use of NCs-based pesticides to facilitate sustainable, smart agriculture in the future.

The Impact of Plant Protection Systems on the Productivity of Soybean Varieties under Irrigated Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The South ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
The Impact

The application of preparations of biological origin in the protection system of soybean grown under conditions of intensive irrigated crop rotations conforms to the modern tendencies of science and production development. The use of them contributes to solving ecological, production and social-economic problems. The study presents the three-year research on the efficiency of systems protecting soybean from pests and diseases based on biological and chemical preparations. The research was conducted in typical soil and climate conditions of the South of Ukraine. Zonal agricultural methods and generally accepted research methodology were used. The purpose of the research was to create a soybean protection system based on preparations of biological origin, ensuring high productivity of high-quality products reducing a negative impact of the crop production on the environment. The study emphasizes that, under irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine, the application of biological preparations has a positive impact on the indexes of growth, development and formation of the elements of soybean yield structure. There was an increase in the crop biological weight by 13.8 % and 22.1 % and the number of seeds per plant rose by 11.6 and 14.6 % as a consequence of eliminating harmful organisms with the plant protection systems. The larger ground mass was formed by medium-ripe varieties Danai and Svyatogor, on which the increase from protection measures was higher. Weight 1000 pcs. the seeds did not undergo significant changes. It is established that the larger seeds were formed by Danaya and Svyatogor varieties, in which the average weight is 1000 pcs. seeds were 142 and 136 g, respectively, while in the variety Diona this figure was 133 g. There was an increase in the height of the lowest pod when the total plant height rose. For medium-ripe varieties was characterized by a higher attachment of beans, where the highest values of this indicator acquired in the variety Svyatogor. The medium maturing soybean variety Danaia formed the maximum yield of 3.23 and 3.35 t/ha respectively, when biological and chemical protection systems were applied. The research establishes that the application of the bio-fungicide Psevdobakterin 2 (2.0 l/ha) in the crop protection system at the beginning of soybean flowering and the bio-fungicide Baktofit (2.5 l/ha) with the bio-insecticide Lepidotsid-BTU (10.0 l/ha) at the beginning of pod formation does not reduce the productivity of the soybean varieties under study considerably, when compared to the application of chemical preparations. The research determines that the soybean protection system under study ensures a decrease in the coefficient of soybean water uptake by 7.2-13.0 %, increasing the total water intake to an inconsiderable degree. Biologization of the soybean crop protection system leads to a reduction in production costs compared to the chemical protection system. Taking into account the needs for the collection of additional products, costs increase by an average of 1 thousand UAH/ha, while for chemical protection systems by 1.8 thousand UAH/ha. At the same time, the cost is reduced by 220-360 UAH/t and the profitability of growing crops is increased by 3.8-7.8 %. There has been a reduction in the burden of pesticides on the environment and the production of cleaner products. This indicates the prospect of using the biofungicides Pseudobacterin 2 and Bactophyte and the bioinsecticide Lepidocid-BTU on soybeans to protect plants from pests.

scholarly journals Engineering Sr-doping for enabling long-term stable FAPb1−xSrxI3 quantum dots with 100% photoluminescence quantum yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1555-1566
Author(s):  
Andrés F. Gualdrón-Reyes ◽  
David F. Macias-Pinilla ◽  
Sofia Masi ◽  
Carlos Echeverría-Arrondo ◽  
Said Agouram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Photoluminescence Quantum Yield ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Pb Substitution

The Pb substitution in quantum dots (PQDs) with lesser toxic metals has been widely searched to be environmentally friendly, and be of comparable or improved performance compared to the lead-perovskite.

scholarly journals Testing the Suitability of Automated Machine Learning for Weeds Identification

AI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Borja Espejo-Garcia ◽  
Ioannis Malounas ◽  
Eleanna Vali ◽  
Spyros Fountas
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Classifier Ensembles ◽  
Automated Machine Learning ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Plant Seedlings ◽  
And Training

In the past years, several machine-learning-based techniques have arisen for providing effective crop protection. For instance, deep neural networks have been used to identify different types of weeds under different real-world conditions. However, these techniques usually require extensive involvement of experts working iteratively in the development of the most suitable machine learning system. To support this task and save resources, a new technique called Automated Machine Learning has started being studied. In this work, a complete open-source Automated Machine Learning system was evaluated with two different datasets, (i) The Early Crop Weeds dataset and (ii) the Plant Seedlings dataset, covering the weeds identification problem. Different configurations, such as the use of plant segmentation, the use of classifier ensembles instead of Softmax and training with noisy data, have been compared. The results showed promising performances of 93.8% and 90.74% F1 score depending on the dataset used. These performances were aligned with other related works in AutoML, but they are far from machine-learning-based systems manually fine-tuned by human experts. From these results, it can be concluded that finding a balance between manual expert work and Automated Machine Learning will be an interesting path to work in order to increase the efficiency in plant protection.

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