CARIES PATTERNS IN PRIMARY DENTITION IN 3- TO 5-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN. MEDELLÍN, COLOMBIA

Introduction: early childhood caries (ECC) is a public health problem. Recognizing caries patterns in affected children can help improve oral health programs focused on the preschool population. The aim of this study was to identify caries patterns in 3- to 5-year-old children in a low to middle-low socioeconomic area. Methods: a calibrated dentist recorded caries lesions using ICDAS criteria in 548 children attending four day-care centers in a low to middle-low socioeconomic area. ECC and S-ECC prevalence and theproportion of affected teeth/surfaces by lesion type for homologous teeth were calculated. Results: a totalof 419 (76.5%) and 238 (43.4%) children had ECC and S-ECC, respectively. Average dmft was 3.7±3.7 and average affected surfaces were 5.8±7.7. Occlusal surfaces showed the highest caries experience, varying from 17.7% to 36.1%, showing statistical significance when compared to other molar surfaces. The uppersmooth anterior surfaces were affected from 0.2% to 17.2%, while lower smooth anterior surfaces showed values between 0.0% and 6.8%. The percentage of dental caries experience in second molars varies from 37.1% to 42%, while in lower central and lateral incisors the values range from 1.8% to 4.6%. Conclusion:the specific caries pattern in preschool children with high prevalent ECC from a middle-low-income area indicate the need to design programs aimed at detecting early sings of dental caries in specific locations, as well as disease control strategies.

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Dental Caries Prevalence among 3 - 14 Year Old School Children of Chitwan

Journal of Nepalese Association of Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.3126/jnapd.v2i1.41596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

Santosh Adhikari ◽

Lucky Tamrakar ◽

Manoj Humagain ◽

Rosina Bhattarai

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

School Children ◽

Middle Childhood ◽

Private School ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Government School ◽

Dental Hard Tissues

Introduction: Dental caries, an infectious microbiologic disease of dental hard tissues is a global public health problem. It affects people of all ages with the highest priority risk group being school-going children. Objective: This study was done to assess the prevalence of dental caries in the 3-14 years old school children of Chitwan and to compare it across genders, age groups and school groups. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2018 to May 2018 where WHO criteria was used to examine and calculate DMFT and dft (decayed filled teeth) indices among 360 school children. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 20. Statistical significance was determined using independent t-test and ANOVA test. Results: The prevalence of the dental caries was found to be 85.83% with mean DMFT of 3.01 ± 2.24 among school children of Chitwan. Caries prevalence was higher in females compared to males, and in government schools compared to private school. Caries experience was highest in middle childhood group 7-12 years (89.20%, mean “DMFT+dft” 3.56 ± 2.33) followed by late childhood group of 13-14 years (84.72%, mean DMFT 2.68 ± 1.95) and early childhood group of 3-6 years (77.33%, mean dft 1.76 ± 1.60) and the differences were statistically significant. The difference in caries experience between private and government school groups as well as in male and female children was not statistically significant. 82.7% of the children had untreated caries while only 5.83% had filled teeth in their mouth. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries was higher in middle childhood group and higher percentage of untreated decays, calls for the need of immediate preventive as well as curative interventions.

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Redefining the Phenotype of Dental Caries

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000481414 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 263-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Megan Weber ◽

Jenny Bogstad Søvik ◽

Aida Mulic ◽

Kathleen Deeley ◽

Anne B. Tveit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Recessive Model ◽

Primary Dentition ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vast Number ◽

Kallikrein 4

Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease and a major public health problem estimated to affect 60-90% of school children as well as a vast number of adults. The aim of this work was to define patterns of progression of the disease based on longitudinal data in contrast to using a cross-sectional assessment. dmft/DMFT scores were collected at ages 5, 12, 14, 16, 17, and 18 from 876 individuals. We tested our newly defined phenotypes for association with genetic variants in genes shown to be associated with caries. We generated genotyping data using Taqman chemistry in markers of genes involved in processes such as enamel formation and salivary contributions. Kallikrein 4 (KLK4) was found to show a significant association with the created phenotypes (p = 0.0008 in a recessive model for low caries experience in the primary dentition vs. high caries experience in the primary dentition, and p = 0.0004 in a recessive model for caries free primary dentition vs. high caries experience in the primary dentition).

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Dental caries experience among school children of Eastern Nepal - significant caries index

Health Renaissance ◽

10.3126/hren.v12i2.14103 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 74-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T K Bhagat ◽

A Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

School Children ◽

Health Problem ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Who Criteria ◽

Dental Hard Tissues ◽

Hard Tissues ◽

The Mean

Background: Dental caries, an infectious microbiologic disease of dental hard tissues, is a common public health problem worldwide. The distribution of dental caries studied in any population, shows that a few in the population experience a lot of decayed teeth and most do not experience any at all or experience very little.Objective: To assess the extent and severity of dental caries among 5-12 years old children of eastern Nepal using DMFT(Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth) and SiC (Significant Caries) index.Methods: Six hundred and sixteen 5-12 years old school children were examined for decayed, missing and filled teeth using WHO criteria. DMFT, dft (decayed filled teeth) and SiC Indices were calculated. Results: The mean dft and SiC* were 1.84 and 4.60 respectively, whereas mean DMFT and SiC were 0.33 and 0.92 respectively.Conclusion: SiC gives a better picture of the at risk population, hence it should be widely used along with dft/DMFT.Health Renaissance 2014;12(2): pp 74-77

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Caregiver's Education Level and Child's Dental Caries in African Americans: A Path Analytic Study

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000368560 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Masahiro Heima ◽

Wonik Lee ◽

Peter Milgrom ◽

Suchita Nelson

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Low Income ◽

Routine Care ◽

Education Level ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Dental Visits ◽

Caregiver Education ◽

Child Oral Health

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of caregiver education level on children's dental caries mediated by both caregiver and child oral health behaviors. Participants were 423 low-income African American kindergarteners and their caregivers who were part of a school-based randomized clinical trial. Path analysis tested the hypothesis that caregiver education level affected untreated dental caries and cumulative overall caries experience (decayed or filled teeth) through the mediating influence of frequency of dental visits, use of routine care, and frequency of toothbrushing for both the caregiver and the child. The results supported the hypothesis: caregivers who completed high school were 1.76 times more likely to visit dentists compared with those who did not complete high school (e0.56 = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.03-2.99), which in turn was associated with 5.78 times greater odds of dental visits among their children (e1.76 = 5.78, 95% CI: 3.53-9.48). Children's dental visits, subsequently, were associated with 26% fewer untreated decayed teeth compared with children without dental visits (e-0.31 = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60-0.91). However, this path was not present in the model with overall caries experience. Additionally, caregiver education level was directly associated with 34% less untreated decayed teeth (e-0.42 = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.54-0.79) and 28% less decayed or filled teeth (e-0.32 = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.60-0.88) among the children. This study overcomes important conceptual and analytic limitations in the existing literature. The findings confirm the role of caregiver education in child dental caries and indicate that caregiver's behavioral factors are important mediators of child oral health.

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The Association between Sense of Coherence and Dental Caries in Low Social Status Schoolchildren

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000493537 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 314-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fernanda Tomazoni ◽

Mario Vianna Vettore ◽

Fausto Medeiros Mendes ◽

Thiago Machado Ardenghi

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Sense Of Coherence ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Psychosocial Factor ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Socioeconomic Background ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

Southern City

The relationship between dental caries and sense of coherence (SOC) has not been substantiated in children and adolescents, particularly among those with a low socioeconomic status. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SOC and dental caries in schoolchildren from a low socioeconomic background. A random sample of 356 8- to 14-year-old schoolchildren enrolled in public schools from the poorest region of Santa Maria, a southern city in Brazil, was selected. Dental examinations were performed to assess dental plaque and dental caries (DMF-S and dmf-s indexes). The children’s SOC was assessed using a validated Brazilian version of the SOC-13 scale. Socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral data were collected from parents using a questionnaire. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was used following a hierarchical approach to investigate the association between the SOC and DMF-T + dmf-t mean. Children whose mothers had studied for 8 years or less (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.08–1.57) and children with dental plaque (RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.06–1.58) presented with higher DMF-T scores than their counterparts (p < 0.05). A higher household income (RR 0.66; 95% CI 0.51–0.84) and greater SOC scores (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.56–0.90) were associated with lower DMF-T in children (p < 0.05). Children’s SOC seems to be a relevant protective psychosocial factor for dental caries experience in socially vulnerable children.

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Fluoride in the drinking water and dental caries experience by tooth surface susceptibility among adults

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01598-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lina Stangvaltaite-Mouhat ◽

Alina Puriene ◽

Indre Stankeviciene ◽

Jolanta Aleksejuniene

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Group 4 ◽

Occlusal Surfaces ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background Dental caries is the most prevalent non-communicable health condition globally. The surface-based susceptibility hierarchy indicates that surfaces in the same group have similar susceptibility to caries, where the most susceptible group consists of occlusal surfaces of first molars and buccal surfaces of lower first molars, and the least susceptible surfaces are smooth and proximal surfaces of first premolars, canines and incisors. Therefore, fluoride in the drinking water could impact one group more than the other group. The present study examined the association between fluoride levels in the drinking water and dental caries experience in adults in the context of varying tooth surface susceptibility. Methods Data from the cross-sectional National Lithuanian Oral Health Survey conducted in 2017–2019 included a stratified random sample of 1398 35–74-year-olds (52% response rate). Dental caries experience in dentine was measured at a surface level. The surfaces were grouped according to their caries susceptibility (group 1 being the most and group 4 the least susceptible), and dental caries experience was calculated separately for each susceptibility group, creating four outcomes. Information about explanatory variable, fluoride levels in the drinking water, was provided by the water suppliers. The questionnaire inquired about potential determinants: sociodemographic characteristics and oral health-related behaviors. Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for descriptive statistics, and linear regression analyses to examine the association between fluoride levels and four outcomes. Results The proportions of median decayed, missing, filled surfaces decreased following the surface-based susceptibility hierarchy (group 1–33%, group 2–28%, group 3–24%, group 4–15%). When adjusted for potential determinants, higher-level fluoride (≥ 0.7 ppm vs < 0.7 ppm) in the drinking water associated with lower dental caries experience in all surface-based susceptibility hierarchy groups; Group 1: β = − 0.23 (95 %CI − 0.44; − 0.001), Group 2: β = − 0.44 (95 %CI − 0.82; − 0.07), Group 3: β = − 1.14 (95 %CI − 1.88; − 0.41) and Group 4: β = − 6.28 (95 %CI − 9.29; − 3.30). Conclusions The higher-level fluoride in the drinking water associated with lower dental caries experience in adults and this was observed in all surface-based susceptibility groups. However, there is a need to validate the surface-based susceptibility hierarchy in longitudinal adult studies.

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Principles and Practice of Conservative Adhesive Restorations: A brief review

International Journal of Dentistry Research ◽

10.31254/dentistry.2020.5215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 110-116

Author(s):

Somya Jain ◽

◽

Raju U Pati ◽

Priya Diwan ◽

Shikha Rajput ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Effective Means ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Equivalent Effect ◽

Occlusal Surfaces

Dental caries has been recognised as a major public health problem globally which has an equivalent effect on all age groups. Caries predominantly affects the occlusal surfaces of erupting molars and premolars and thus accounts for nearly 80-90% of pit and fissure caries in permanent teeth. Apart from regular measures for management of dental caries preventive measures involving sealing of the cavitated and non cavitated pits and fissures can be promising tool for cost effective caries prevention. Conservative Adhesive restorations (CAR) have proven to be one such effective means in prevention and treatment of pit and fissure caries. This article reviews complete application technique of CAR along with its indications, contraindications, advantages, disadvantages. Also, literature-based review of the success rate has been reported. An insight of its application in children and advancements that can help in further improving the efficacy have also been reviewed. From this review and after discussion of recently published studies, it is evident that prophylactic techniques like CAR can be both preventive as well as therapeutic measure for preventing progression of incipient caries.

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Occlusal caries risk assessment using Cariogram analysis in student aged 11-12 years

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol29no1.11344 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Riana Wardani ◽

Cucu Zubaedah ◽

Asty Samiaty Setiawan

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Observational Research ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Risk Category ◽

School Age ◽

Occlusal Caries ◽

Eating Frequency ◽

Occlusal Surfaces

ABSTRACT Introduction: Basic Health Research 2013 showed Dental Caries Index in school age student in West Java was lower than the expected target, with occlusal surface as most affected part. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk status of dental caries in school age student by using cariogram analysis. Methods: Observational research. Study was conducted on 30 student aged 11-12 years with caries high risk on occlusal surfaces. Purposive sampling was taken from students of SDN Cikawari and SDN Mekarjaya Bandung Regency with high DMF-S index. Inclusion criteria: male and female, aged 11-12 years, good systemic health, SDN Mekarjaya and SDN Cikawari Bandung Regency students. Exclusion criteria: suffering from systemic disorder, currently in long-term antibiotic therapy, orthodontic appliance usage. Case history, eating habits and intake of fluoride, caries experience, salivary volume and buffering capacity of each sample was examined using cariogram examination method. Results: The cariogram analysis showed 43% chance of caries avoidance. Diet control was 23.3%, includes two factors: sugary foods and eating frequency. Bacteria control was 11.9% by evaluating both bacterial factors (the amount of plaque and the bacteria Streptococcus mutans). Vulnerability control was 14.4%, including caries prevention by the continuation of fluorine program and other conditions control that affect salivary secretions. Conclusion: Based on cariogram analysis found that all samples who had occlusal surfaces caries were at a high risk category, but still having moderate potential of avoiding new caries occurrence by controlling risk factors.Keywords: Cariogram analysis, Occlusal caries, Aged 11-12 years

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Relationship between Severe Early Childhood Caries, Mother's Oral Health and Mutans Streptococci in a Low-Income Group: Changes from 1996 to 2007

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.33.3.p031w1w719vp2740 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 241-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ma. Esther Irigoyen Camacho ◽

Leonor Sánchez Pérez ◽

Álvaro García Pérez ◽

Marco Antonio Zepeda Zepeda

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Low Income ◽

Early Childhood Caries ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Mutans Streptococci ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Study Results ◽

Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽

Childhood Caries

The relationship between dental caries and mutans streptococci (ms) in children and their mothers is a key factor in the prevention of early childhood caries. Changes in early childhood caries over time in Mexican children have not been well documented. Objective: to compare the dental caries indices and presence of ms in 3- to 5-year-old children and their mothers in two surveys, the first one carried out in 1996 and the second one in 2007. Study design: cross-sectional study. Results: The first survey included 102 mother-child dyads and the second 103. Dental caries index dmfs was 7.17 (± 10.9) and 4.58 (± 7.1) in the first and second survey, respectively (p<0.05). Ms levels were higher in 1996 than in 2007 (p<0.001). The prevalence of Severe Early Childhood Caries (SECC) was 42.2% and 34.95% in first and second surveys, respectively,(p>0.05). Children with SECC showed higher counts of ms than children without this condition. A high caries index in mothers was associated with higher caries experience in their children. Conclusion: the compassions of the surveys indicated a decline in dental caries indices over an 11-year period. High caries experience in the mother had a negative impact on the oral condition of the child.

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Using a Machine Learning Algorithm to Predict the Likelihood of Presence of Dental Caries among Children Aged 2 to 7

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj9120141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

Francisco Ramos-Gomez ◽

Marvin Marcus ◽

Carl A. Maida ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Janni J. Kinsler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Oral Health ◽

Los Angeles ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Health Problem ◽

Learning Algorithm ◽

Survey Methods ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Machine Learning Algorithm

Background: Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood infectious disease and is a serious public health problem affecting both developing and industrialized countries, yet it is preventable in most cases. This study evaluated the potential of screening for dental caries among children using a machine learning algorithm applied to parent perceptions of their child’s oral health assessed by survey. Methods: The sample consisted of 182 parents/caregivers and their children 2–7 years of age living in Los Angeles County. Random forest (a machine learning algorithm) was used to identify survey items that were predictors of active caries and caries experience. We applied a three-fold cross-validation method. A threshold was determined by maximizing the sum of sensitivity and specificity conditional on the sensitivity of at least 70%. The importance of survey items to classifying active caries and caries experience was measured using mean decreased Gini (MDG) and mean decreased accuracy (MDA) coefficients. Results: Survey items that were strong predictors of active caries included parent’s age (MDG = 0.84; MDA = 1.97), unmet needs (MDG = 0.71; MDA = 2.06) and the child being African American (MDG = 0.38; MDA = 1.92). Survey items that were strong predictors of caries experience included parent’s age (MDG = 2.97; MDA = 4.74), child had an oral health problem in the past 12 months (MDG = 2.20; MDA = 4.04) and child had a tooth that hurt (MDG = 1.65; MDA = 3.84). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the potential of screening for active caries and caries experience among children using surveys answered by their parents.

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