The Wisdom of God as the Eternal Feminine: Dante and V.S. Solovyov on Sophianic Unity

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-69
Author(s):  
A.I. Pigalev
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Dante Alighieri ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eternal Feminine

The paper deals with the continuity of ideas concerning the Eternal Feminine and Sophia as the Wisdom of God from the point of view of Dante Alighieri and Vl.S. Solovyov. The analysis focuses not so much on the very notion of Sophia as on the meaning, origins, and contexts of their conception of Sophianic unity. The latter, being an ideal form of reducing a multitude to a unity, is considered as either an alternative or a supplement to the model of totality that reproduces the binary and hierarchical structure which at the social and political level is considered to be the pattern of imperial centralism. The study proceeds from the consequences of Dante’s negation of the difference between the spiritual sense of the Holy Scriptures and the literary sense of secular poetry. It is shown that for Dante it was necessary, first of all, to understand under whose inspiration and guidance he composed his verses, which gave particular importance to the image of a guide in his magnum opus. I show that in this context Dante turned to the intuitive representation of the feminine idea as a guiding principle that was personified by Beatrice, although Dante did not use the term “Sophia” and could not use the term “the Eternal Feminine,” which did not yet exist at the time. The disputes in Dante’s time on the essence of monarchy are considered in connection with his understanding of femininity as the guiding principle of such a unity of humanity that could reject a rigid hierarchy and, thus, free itself from imperial centralism. It is pointed out that the social and political aspects of the all-encompassing Sophia, which also resolves contradictions as a supplement to the intrinsically contradictory Logos, were given great importance in Solovyov’s philosophy. The paper concludes that it was Solovyov, who, having identified Sophia with humanity as a whole, created the presuppositions for a detailed study of the structure of Sophia’s unity. This study ends with a discussion of the validity of the convergence of a non-hierarchical Sophianic unity with the deconstructive strategies of modern philosophy, the aim of which is the elimination of binary oppositions and hierarchies from the gender context.

Defending the Difference

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Natural Entities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Dreyfus argues that there is a basic methodological difference between the natural sciences and the social sciences, a difference that derives from the different goals and practices of each. He goes on to argue that being a realist about natural entities is compatible with pluralism or, as he calls it, “plural realism.” If intelligibility is always grounded in our practices, Dreyfus points out, then there is no point of view from which one can ask about or provide an answer to the one true nature of ultimate reality. But that is consistent with believing that the natural sciences can still reveal the way the world is independent of our theories and practices.

Poetry?

2021 ◽  
pp. 364-380
Author(s):  
Floris Bernard ◽  
Kristoffel Demoen
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Moral Point Of View ◽  
The Difference

This chapter gives an overview of how Byzantines conceptualized “poetry.” It argues that from the Byzantine point of view, poetry only differs from prose in a very formal way, namely that it is written in verse. Both prose and poetry belonged to the category of logoi, the only label that was very frequently used, in contrast to the term “poetry,” which was reserved for the ancient poetry studied at schools. Many authors considered (and exploited) the difference between their own prose texts and poems as a primarily formal one. Nevertheless, poetry did have some functions that set it apart from prose, even if these features are for us less expected. The quality of “bound speech” gained a spiritual dimension, since verse was seen as a restrained form of discourse, also from a moral point of view. Finally, the chapter gives a brief overview of the social contexts for which (learned) poetry was the medium of choice: as an inscription, as paratext in a wide sense, as a piece of personal introspection, as invective, as summaries (often of a didactic nature), and as highly public ceremonial pieces.

OCCASIONAL POLITENESS AND GENTLEMEN'S LAUGHTER IN 18th C ENGLAND

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATE DAVISON
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Train Of Thought ◽  
A Company

ABSTRACTThis article considers the intersection between polite manners and company in eighteenth-century England. Through the laughter of gentlemen, it makes a case for a concept of occasional politeness, which is intended to emphasize that polite comportment was only necessary on certain occasions. In particular, it was the level of familiarity shared by a company that determined what was considered appropriate. There was unease with laughter in polite sociability, yet contemporaries understood that polite prudence could be waived when men met together in friendly homosocial encounters. In these circumstances, there existed a tacit acceptance of looser manners that might be called ‘intimate bawdiness’, which had its origins in a renaissance humanist train of thought that valorized wit as the centrepiece of male sociability. This argument tempers the importance of politeness by stressing the social contexts for which it was – and was not – a guiding principle. Ultimately, it suggests that the category of company might be one way of rethinking eighteenth-century sociability in a more pluralistic fashion, which allows for contradictory practices to co-exist. As such, it moves towards breaking down the binary oppositions of polite and impolite, elite and popular, and theory and practice that have been imposed on the period.

scholarly journals LINGUISTICALLY JUSTIFIED USE OF GENDERED FEMININE NOUNS OF THE CATEGORY NOMINA AGENTIS ET PROFESSIONIS CREATED BY SUFFIX -KINJA

2021 ◽  
Vol XII (35) ◽  
pp. 197-213
Author(s):  
Milena Buric
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Feminine Gender ◽  
Sound Structure ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Gender Neutral

This paper is considering scientific well-foundedness of arguments in favour of the use of generic forms and against the use of gendered feminine nouns from the word-formation semantic category of professions and ranks, using examples of the nouns derived by suffix -kinja (psiholog/psihološkinja, vodič/vodičkinja i dr.). Following the introductory part displaying her motives for choosing this topic, the author reminds us that the investigations so far have shown that the main reasons against the feminine gender nouns quote their more restricted range in comparison to their generic forms, thier complex sound structure and problematic word-formation model as well. Linguists supporting these attitudes find certain feminine forms impermissible because of their forms being derived according to unaccredited wordformation pattern. The possibility of having homonymy and double meaning happen, considering semantic heritage of certain feminine gender nouns (nouns like ministarka, trenerka), sometimes makes them unsuitable and inefficient. The arguments listed here are particularly related to the abstract communication, i.e. competitions, printed forms and so on, whereas it is more suitable to use generic forms due to their more extensive semantic range and eligibility to refer to persons of both gender, being considered gender-neutral. The author is also reminiding us of completely opposite views according to which, in the mass media, by the predominanted use of generic names for professions and ranks for feminine persons, it is clear the tendency to make women invisible in the social and political field. Supporters of such approach find it necessary, when it comes to the question of gender sensitive language, to implement codification aiming to provide humane and tolerant communication, and visibility of women in the society as well, i.e. her gender equality The author gives advantage to the pragmatic and balanced approach in resolving this problem, according to which in concrete situations the feminine forms are found necessary, i.e. situations when with a feminine personal name ought to be used a feminine gender noun indicating her profession. On the other side, in situations when neutral or common use is necesseray, generic forms can be a tool for language efficiency (for example in competitions, printed forms and so on). The author in a latent manner debates with the opinion that the generic, i.e. common forms are gender-neutral, reminding us of the morphological features of the masculine gender nouns of the first category being their charateristic, supporting it with the example: Vodič nam je davala uputstva. The author emphasises that the necessity of the existence of the feminine gender forms for professions and ranks is unquestionable for both – from the point of view of ensuring equality of genders in the society, and respecting principle of congruency point of view as well, focusing on the central part of her research afterwards. On the basis of all aforementioned in the paper it can be finally concluded that the profession nouns of the feminine gender appeared when the need for them came up and also that the tendency of their expansion is evident and proportional with the enhancement of the position of the woman in the society. The use of the feminine gender nouns denoting professions and ranks, as well as those with the suffix mentioned earlier, is necessary and practical in concrete situations. If we bear in mind that there are no liguistically justified arguments against the use of gendered feminine nouns with the suffix -kinja the categories nomina agentis et professions, it is to be expected the continuation of their expansion.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Social-Psychological Adaptation of Personality of Students of Low Courses with Different Creative Potential

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
I. V. Malyshev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Psychological Adaptation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

In the paper the results of the empirical investigation of the characteristics of the social-psychological adaptation of students of the first courses from the point of view of their creative facilities are analyzed. The interconnection between the studied phenomena and the difference of the adaptation components of students with different creative potential is established.

scholarly journals Chancellor A. Merkel's “Secret of Power”: Genesis (2005 ‒ 2013)

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Timoshenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Style ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Survival ◽  
Social Democrat ◽  
The Social ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
To Come

The article is a study of the political phenomenon of German Chancellor A. Merkel, her special style of governance, objective factors and personal qualities that contributed to the construction of a long and successful career. The author analyzes in detail the period of governmental coalitions of the CDU/CSU with the SPD (2005‒2009) and the FDP (2009‒2013). It was the experience that had the greatest influence on the shaping of her image as a first female Chancellor of Germany. The theory of the difference between women's leadership and men's leadership is used in this paper. Through the prism of this theory we analyze the ways of struggle for leadership. The beginning of Merkel's career and the period of her ministerial activity were characterized by a harsh treatment of her rivals. Later she learned to do it in a softer way. The image of a consensual, supraparty leader, who knows how to find a compromise, is the result of Merkel's conscious work on herself. The need to be chancellor of a “grand coalition” and to cooperate with the SPD, an almost equal partner in terms of strength, contributed greatly to such a leadership style. The second legislative period helped A. Merkel to acquire the qualities of a “crisis manager”. In the conclusion of the article it is concluded that the basis of A. Merkel's political survival was the ability to learn quickly and adapt during various difficulties. From this point of view, the Frau Chancellor's main “teacher” was her first rival, the Social Democrat H. Schroeder. It was his political fate that allowed Merkel to come to a conclusion about the need to combine the post of chancellor and party leadership, which allowed her to stay in power for 16 years.

THE ROLE OF PANIC IN THE ROOM EVACUATION PROCESS

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 419-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL R. PARISI ◽  
CLAUDIO O. DORSO
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Call Blocking ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

In the present work we studied the room evacuation problem using the social force model introduced by Helbing and coworkers. The "faster is slower" effect induced by panic was analyzed. It could be explained in terms of increasing mean clogging delays which shows a strong correlation with certain structures that we call "blocking clusters". Also a steady state version of the problem was implemented. It shows that, from a macroscopic point of view, the optimal evacuation efficiency correspond to the state at which the difference between the system desire force minus the system granular force is maximum.

scholarly journals Alcohol-related violence as an explanation for the difference between homicide rates in Finland and the other Nordic countries

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martti Lehti ◽  
Janne Kivivuor
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

■ Aims The article examines the links between alcohol consumption, drinking habits and the high homicide rates in Finland today from the point of view of the structure of homicides and the social status of the people involved in them. The Finnish situation is compared with that in the other Nordic countries, especially in Sweden. ■ Methods The links between alcohol and homicidal crime are examined from the point of view of three main factors: the relative and absolute numbers of intoxicated offenders and victims, and regular substance abusers among offenders, and the patterns of victim-offender relationships. By combining the information, a general picture is formed of the significance and absolute levels of alcohol-connected homicides and what kinds of population groups are responsible for these crimes in each of the Nordic countries. ■ Results Although the Finnish annual homicide rate is triple that of other Nordic countries, the social background and structure of homicidal crime are very similar in Finland, Sweden and Norway. In all the three Nordic countries the crimes are committed mainly by alcoholic, unemployed men living on the fringe of society. It also seems that the difference in the crime level between Finland and its Scandinavian neighbours is mainly caused by the alcohol-related violence of this group; the volume of other types of homicide is more or less the same. ■ Conclusion Alcohol may explain, at least to some extent, the higher Finnish homicide rates compared to other Nordic countries, however, the linkage between alcohol consumption and violent crime is in today's Finland very similar to that in Sweden and Norway. Consequently, it is unlikely that the differences in the homicide rates would be caused directly by the differences in the general drinking cultures. Instead of looking for general cultural behaviour models to explain the higher rate of homicide, one should ask why middle-aged alcoholics appear in larger numbers in Finland than in other Nordic countries, and why they behave more violently.

scholarly journals Del tratamiento jurídico, a la realidad y efectividad de las políticas en igualdad de género

2014 ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Goig Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fundamental Reason ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Las Mujeres

En una sociedad en la que existe la desigualdad de género, se violan derechos y libertades. Uno de los pilares fundamentales del Estado de Derecho es el principio de igualdad. Desde un punto de vista jurídico se reconoce la igualdad de todas las personas ante la Ley, pero hace falta además que se produzcan cambios sociales y estructurales que hagan de ese principio constitucional, una igualdad real y efectiva. El Estado social y democrático de Derecho requiere que las políticas públicas que desarrolla introduzcan como uno de sus objetivos fundamentales el principio de igualdad de oportunidades entre mujeres y hombres. Las políticas activas de igualdad de género deben de ser puestas en marcha desde las instituciones públicas para la superación de los obstáculos que dificultan la plena participación de las mujeres en los diversos ámbitos de la vida, con el fin de convertir la igualdad reconocida legalmente, en una situación real y efectivamente igualitaria para mujeres y hombres. La razón fundamental que justifica la necesidad de las políticas de igualdad de género es la persistencia de la diferencia que existe entre la igualdad legal, la ausencia de discriminación en la legislación vigente, y la igualdad real, la igualdad de trato como criterio en las prácticas sociales.In a society where there is gender inequality, rights and freedoms are violated. One of the fundamental pillars of the rule of law is the principle of equality. From a legal point of view recognizes the equality of all persons before the law, but it does lack in addition to occur social and structural changes that make of this constitutional principle, equality real and effective. The social and democratic State of law requires public policies developed as one of its fundamental objectives introduce the principle of equality of opportunities between women and men. Active gender equality policies must be put in motion from the public institutions for overcoming the obstacles that hinder the full participation of women in the various fields of life, in order to make equality recognized legally, in a real situation and effectively equal for women and men. The fundamental reason that justifies the need for gender equality policies is the persistence of the difference between legal equality, non-discrimination in the legislation in force, and real equality, equality of treatment as a criterion in the social practices.

Artikel

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Martti Lehti ◽  
Janne Kivivuori
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Behaviour Models

■ Aims The article examines the links between alcohol consumption, drinking habits and the high homicide rates in Finland today from the point of view of the structure of homicides and the social status of the people involved in them. The Finnish situation is compared with that in the other Nordic Countries, especially with Sweden. ■ Methods The links between alcohol and homicidal crime are examined from the point of view of three main factors: the relative and absolute numbers of intoxicated offenders and victims, and regular substance abusers among offenders, and the patterns of victim-offender relationships. By combining the information, a general picture is formed of the significance and absolute levels of alcohol-connected homicides and what kinds of population groups are responsible for these crimes in each of the Nordic Countries. ■ Results Although the Finnish annual homicide rate is triple that of other Nordic Countries, the social background and structure of homicidal crime are very similar in Finland, Sweden and Norway. In all the three Nordic Countries the crimes are committed mainly by alcoholic, unemployed men living on the fringe of society. It also seems that the difference in the crime level between Finland and its Scandinavian neighbours is mainly caused by the alcohol-related violence of this group; the volume of other types of homicide is more or less the same. ■ Conclusion Alcohol may seem to explain the higher Finnish homicide rates compared to other Nordic Countries, however, the comparative levels of alcohol consumption and violent crime are very similar in Finland, Sweden and Norway. Consequently, it is unlikely that the differences in the homicide rates would be caused directly by the differences in the general drinking cultures. Instead of looking for general cultural behaviour models to explain the higher rate of homicide, one should ask why middle-aged alcoholics appear in larger numbers in Finland than in other Nordic countries, and why they behave more violently.

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