scholarly journals The Organizational Engine of Rankings: Connecting “New” and “Old” Institutionalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leopold Ringel ◽  
Jelena Brankovic ◽  
Tobias Werron
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Formal Organization ◽  
Audience Engagement ◽  
General Note ◽  
Over Time

When explaining the ubiquity of rankings, researchers tend to emphasize macro or contextual phenomena, such as the power of or the trust in numbers, neoliberal forces, or a general spirit of competition. Meanwhile, the properties of rankers are rarely, if at all, taken into account. In contrast to the received wisdom, we argue that the institutionalization of rankings in different fields is also contingent upon another, often-neglected factor: Over time, rankers have become increasingly more organized. To investigate the role of ranking organizations, we look into the distinct properties of present-day rankings and highlight three dimensions along which rankings have evolved over the course of the twentieth century, namely, publication frequency, handling complex tasks, and audience engagement. On this basis, we argue that these dimensions have to a large extent been affected by formal organization and we show how ranking organizations have over time developed capacities to: (a) publish rankings on a continual basis; (b) handle the often complex production process by means of division of labor; and (c) generate considerable degrees of attention by addressing large and diverse audiences. On a more general note, we argue that accounting for the role of organization in the instutionalization of rankings requires a combination of insights from both “old” and “new” strands of thinking in institutional theory.

Reconsidering institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-54
Author(s):  
Kate Crowley ◽  
Jenny Stewart ◽  
Adrian Kay ◽  
Brian W. Head
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
Policy Network ◽  
Complex Landscape ◽  
Emergent Networks ◽  
Over Time

Although institutions are central to the study of public policy, the focus upon them has shifted over time. This chapter is concerned with the role of institutions in problem solving and the utility of an evolving institutional theory that has significantly fragmented. It argues that the rise of new institutionalism in particular is symptomatic of the growing complexity in problems and policy making. We review the complex landscape of institutional theory, we reconsider institutions in the context of emergent networks and systems in the governance era, and we reflect upon institutions and the notion of policy shaping in contemporary times. We find that network institutionalism, which draws upon policy network and community approaches, has a particular utility for depicting and explaining complex policy.

scholarly journals Law, Politics, and Financial Development: The Great Reversal of the U.K. Corporate Debt Market

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 810-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Coyle ◽  
John D. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Bond Market ◽  
Corporate Bond ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Corporate Bond Market ◽  
Debt Market ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Over Time

This article examines the role of creditor protection in the development of the U.K. corporate bond market. This market grew rapidly in the late nineteenth century, but in the twentieth century it experienced a reversal, albeit with a short-lived post-1945 renaissance. Such was the extent of the reversal that the market from the 1970s onwards was smaller than it had been in 1870. We find that law does not explain the variation in the size of this market over time. Alternatively, our evidence suggests that inflation and taxation policies were major drivers of this market in the post-1945 era.

scholarly journals Developing interactional repertoires in the classroom through dynamic strategic interactio scenarios

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi A. van Compernolle ◽  
Nuria Ballesteros Soria
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Strategic Interaction ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Task Repetition ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Class Meeting ◽  
Repertoire Development ◽  
Over Time

In this article, we report on the implementation of Dynamic Strategic Interaction Scenario tasks as one approach to developing L2 learners’ interactional repertoires. The tasks involve pre-task planning, a performance, and immediate feedback during a whole-class debriefing discussion. We focus specifically on the appropriation of turn allocation devices within a single class meeting in which three small groups performed the same scenario. We show how the first group’s performance prompted a focus on turn allocation during their debriefing, and how the subsequent groups were able to build on the feedback in their own performances. We discuss our findings and their implications for research and pedagogy along three dimensions: 1) the role of feedback as mediation in the debriefing discussions; 2) the contribution of task repetition from a group-as-collective perspective; and 3) the documentation of interactional repertoire development over time.

The Party in Uniform: Toward a Theory of Civil-Military Relations in Communist Political Systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amos Perlmutter ◽  
William M. LeoGrande
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Political Resource ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Military ◽  
Over Time

This article is an effort to establish a comparative theoretical framework for the study of civil-military relations in communist political systems. Although the literature on civil-military relations in polyarchic and praetorian polities is theoretically as well as empirically rich, theories of civil-military relations in the field of comparative communism are still at the preliminary stage of development. It is argued that civil-military relations, like all the fundamental dynamics of communist political systems, derive from the structural relationship between a hegemonic Leninist party and the other institutions of the polity. Although the party directs and supervises all other institutions, its political supremacy is necessarily limited by the division of labor among various institutions. The relative autonomy of the military and its relations with the party vary from one country to another and can be described as coalitional, symbiotic, or fused. These relations are dynamic, changing over time in each country in response to contextual circumstances. The role of the military in politics is complex and variegated: on ideological issues, there is usually little conflict between party and army; on issues of “normal politics,” the military acts as a functionally specific elite engaged in bargaining to defend its perceived institutional interests; and in crisis politics, the military is a political resource that various party factions seek to enlist against their opponents.

Entrepreneurship Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Saraiva ◽  
Teresa Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Near Future

This chapter presents a reflection on the trends of the role assumed by entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education over the last decades, namely from the seventies of the twentieth century until today. The evolution of the concept, the adopted theories, and the change on entrepreneurship concept are analysed in the light of institutional theory. The authors begin with a brief review on institutional theory as a way to conceptualize the role of entrepreneurship in the near future. Then they present a brief systematization of the perspectives in which entrepreneurship is currently framed. Finally, they address the main possible lines of future developments for entrepreneurship, in particular as regards the aforementioned role of public policy promoter.

‘Arisen from Deep Slumber’: Transnational Politics and Competing Nationalisms among Syrian Immigrants in Argentina, 1900–1922

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVEN HYLAND
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
Transnational Politics ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis article examines how Syrian immigrants in Argentina responded to the intersection of transnational politics and nascent nationalisms between 1900 and 1922. In particular, it studies the role of Syrian intellectuals in Argentina in advocating a variety of political allegiances that changed over time as their homelands suffered a series of intense political transformations during the first two decades of the twentieth century. The emergence of Syrian and Lebanese ethnic identities as well as an Arab racialised identity was the product of distinct political programmes circulating in the Levant and among the Syrian émigré communities in the Americas, threatening to undermine the immigrant colony's sense of community.

cAbdullah Yūsuf cAlī & Muhammad Asad: Two Approaches to the English Translation of the Qur'an

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
British India ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Political Milieu ◽  
The Times

This article attempts to present a comparative study of the role of two twentieth-century English translations of the Qur'an: cAbdullah Yūsuf cAlī's The Meaning of the Glorious Qur'ān and Muḥammad Asad's The Message of the Qur'ān. No two men could have been more different in their background, social and political milieu and life experiences than Yūsuf cAlī and Asad. Yūsuf 'Alī was born and raised in British India and had a brilliant but traditional middle-class academic career. Asad traversed a vast cultural and geographical terrain: from a highly-disciplined childhood in Europe to the deserts of Arabia. Both men lived ‘intensely’ and with deep spiritual yearning. At some time in each of their lives they decided to embark upon the translation of the Qur'an. Their efforts have provided us with two incredibly rich monumental works, which both reflect their own unique approaches and the effects of the times and circumstances in which they lived. A comparative study of these two translations can provide rich insights into the exegesis and the phenomenon of human understanding of the divine text.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

Role of Self Help Groups A Study with Specific Reference to Vellore District

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 243-252
Author(s):  
Dr. M.A. Bilal Ahmed ◽  
Dr. S. Thameemul Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Role ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Help Groups

SHG is a movement which came to being in the early 1969. Prof. Muhammed Younus, a great economist of Bangladesh took initiative in setting up Self Help Groups and these SHGs were gradually spread all over the world. This social movement unites the people hailing from poor background. Those who are joining this group feel socially and economically responsible to one another. In India, there are some likeminded bodies and stakeholders of some government organizations play pivotal role towards the formation of SHG In this research article, role of SHGs in Vellore district is studies under the three dimensions of Cognitive role, leadership role and role towards entrepreneurship.

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