The incidence of cervical cancer in the urban and rural population of the Republic of Buryatia

Objective: to study the incidence of cervical cancer in women in urban and rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia.Materials and methods. The material of registered cases of cervical cancer for 30 years (1987–2019) is taken from the documentation of the Republican Oncological Dispensary, and calculations are carried out in intensive indicators of morbidity per 100,000 women in the whole Republic, in cities, in rural areas using data from the annual population. The prognostic assessment of the incidence of cervical cancer was carried out using the method of regression analysis by extrapolating the trend. All materials were processed using the programs Statistica 8.0 and Excel 2003 with a statistically significant level of p <0.05.Results. In the region, during the analyzed period, the incidence of cervical cancer among women is high, mainly in urban than in rural areas. However, the latter also have an upward trend. The most susceptible to this pathology is the age group active in the labor and social plan – 35–54 years. Conclusions. A feature of the morbidity process of women in the city was its earlier age, 25–29 years, and its peakthe period of 45–49 years. When forming high-risk groups, it is necessary to pay close attention to the category of rural women and take into account the age group most susceptible to this pathology.

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Long-term trends of liver cancer mortality by gender in urban and rural areas in China: an age-period-cohort analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020490 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e020490 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Sun ◽

Yanhong Wang ◽

Mengmeng Li ◽

Kailiang Cheng ◽

Xinyu Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cancer ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Cohort Analysis ◽

Age Group ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

ObjectivesTo provide an up-to-date overview of long-term trends of liver cancer mortality and evaluate the effects attributable to age, period and cohort in Chinese population stratified by gender and urban/rural areas.MethodsPopulation and liver cancer mortality data were obtained based on the Disease Surveillance Points in China from 1991 to 2014. To examine the time trends of liver cancer mortality by gender in urban and rural areas in China, Joinpoint analysis was used to estimate the annual per cent change. The intrinsic estimator, a method of age-period-cohort analysis to estimate age, period and cohort effects simultaneously, was used to analyse the underlying mechanisms for liver cancer mortality trends in the aforementioned four groups.ResultsWe observed a significant decline in liver cancer mortality for urban men (average annual per cent change (AAPC)=−1.1%, P<0.05) and urban women (AAPC=−1.4%, P<0.05), while the liver cancer mortality remained stable for rural men (AAPC=−0.1%, P>0.05) and rural women (AAPC=−0.9%, P>0.05). Compared with the 15–19 age group, the liver cancer mortality risk of the 85 and above age group increased 65 and 42 times for urban and rural men, and 102 and 70 times for urban and rural women. From the 1990–1994 period to the 2005–2009 period, the risk increased 56% and 92% for urban and rural men, and 30% and 74% for urban and rural women. Compared with period and cohort effects, age effects were the most influential factor in liver cancer mortality.ConclusionsAs the status of ageing population in China gets worse, the burden caused by liver cancer mortality could still be a great challenge for China in the future. The disparity of liver cancer mortality trends between urban and rural residents can be attributed to period effects, referring to the unequal medical levels and resources between urban and rural areas.

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Factors associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing in the rural areas of Indonesia: a health belief model

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-021-01188-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sumarmi Sumarmi ◽

Yu-Yun Hsu ◽

Ya-Min Cheng ◽

Shu-Hsin Lee

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Health Beliefs ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Health Belief ◽

Pap Smear Test ◽

Smear Test ◽

Smear Testing

Abstract Purposes This study aimed to understand the influence of health beliefs, demographic factors, and health characteristics on the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among women in rural areas of Indonesia. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted and 687 married women participated in the study. A convenience sampling was applied to recruit the participants from community health centres in a rural region in Indonesia. Self-reported data using the Health Beliefs Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test was collected to assess the health beliefs. Independent t-tests, simple logistic regressions, and a hierarchical logistic regression with 3 steps were run. Statistical significance for analysis was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the participants was 42 years (SD = 8.4). Among the participants, 81% of the women had never undergone a Pap smear test, and 61% (n = 422) of the women reported a high intention of receiving a Pap smear test. Income and education Health beliefs regarding Pap smear testing were different between women who had low and high intentions to undergo Pap smear testing. Health beliefs, such as perceived benefits, severity, barriers to Pap smear testing, and health motivation for a Pap smear test were associated with the intention to undergo Pap smear testing among rural Indonesian women. Overall, the hierarchical multiple regression with 3 steps containing demographic, health characteristics, and health belief variables accounted for 31% variance of the intention to undergo Pap smear test among the Indonesian rural women. Conclusions Low screening rates of cervical cancer and high intentions to do the screening exist among rural Indonesian women. Health beliefs significantly affect the rural women’s intention of Pap smear testing in Indonesia.

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Assessment of Women participation in Agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka

International Journal of Social Sciences and Management ◽

10.3126/ijssm.v3i3.15137 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 159-162

Author(s):

Gopalakrishnan Tharani ◽

Mohamed Sameem Roshan Akther ◽

Nanthakumaran Ananthini

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Urban Area ◽

Rural Area ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Agricultural Activities ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Women Participation

An attempt was made to assess the women contribution towards agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka. 60 farm family households' women were randomly selected from rural and urban area of Kovilkulam AI region of Vavuniya district in Sri Lanka and the data were collected by constructed questionnaire. The objectives of this study are to identify the factors contributing women participation in agriculture, to identify the constraints faced by the women in participating agriculture and to evaluate the women participation in decision making activity in agriculture. Minitab 15 and MS excel were used for data analysis. The level of women participation in agricultural activities was found out using chi-square test and the factors contributing for women participation in agricultural activities were identified using multiple regression analysis in urban and rural areas separately (α=0.05). The results revealed that 90% of the rural women respondents and 50% of the urban respondents participated in the agricultural activities which is a significant difference. The mean values of women participation in agricultural activities in urban and rural areas were 77 hours and 836 hours per annum respectively. The multiple regression model for women participation in urban area found that the participation of women negatively correlated with status of employment, age and education level (p=0.000). In rural area, age and educational level were negatively influencing on women participation in agricultural activities (p=0.000). R-square values of fitted regression models were 72 % and 91% in urban and rural area respectively 72% and 91% variation in respective women participation were explained by these models. The obstacles for the women in participation in agricultural activities were reported as lack of knowledge and training in agriculture field, family burden, cultural and social barriers and physical constraints. 60% of women from rural areas and 90% of women from urban areas were involved in decision making especially in the selection of crops and varieties for planting and livestock rearing. Enhancing the awareness and the technical knowledge to the women in the field of agriculture would contribute to increase income from agriculture at household level, district level and finally at national level. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 159-162

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The construction of national musical identities by Greek Cypriot primary school children – implications for the Cyprus music education system

British Journal of Music Education ◽

10.1017/s0265051707007565 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 251-266

Author(s):

Avra Pieridou-Skoutella

Keyword(s):

Music Education ◽

School Children ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Musical Identity ◽

Greek Cypriot ◽

The Republic ◽

And Performance ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Republic Of Cyprus

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork with Greek Cypriot elementary school children in urban and rural areas of the Republic of Cyprus, the author describes and analyses the ways in which national musical identity is constructed in and out of school in connection with Cypriot traditional music. Findings reveal the development of fluid and often insecure, ambiguous and contradictory national musical identities as a result of the ideological messages children receive from their musical enculturation contexts. In addition public music education not only fails to assist pupils to become familiar with the tradition's inherent meanings and processes of creation and performance, but enhances children's contradictory ideological understanding and construction of an ambiguous national musical identity.

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Rural and urban prevalence of sexual assault against women in an African population

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v18i3.41639 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 628-635

Author(s):

Adeleke NA ◽

Adebimpe WO ◽

Farinloye EO ◽

Olowookere AS

Keyword(s):

Sexual Assault ◽

Urban Area ◽

Rural Area ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Medical Science ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Background: Sexual assault is about the most dehumanizing form of gender based violence against women worldwide. Nigeria and many other countries in Africa do not have National data on women sexual assault. This survey is aimed at generating data on sexual assault against women in Osun state, Nigeria. Objective: To determine the patterns of sexual assault against women in Urban and Rural areas of Osun State in South western Nigeria. Methodology: A cross section survey using interviewer administered questionnaire was carried out among selected 1,200 women aged 15 years and above in urban and rural areas, between August and December 2014. The questionnaire was patterned after WHO Multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence data instrument. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 23.75 ±(13.22) years in rural area, in the urban area it was 27.69 ±(10.23) years. 46 % and 54 % were married in urban and rural areas respectively. The prevalence of completed rape was 10.0 % in urban and 9.2 % in rural, while that of attempted rape was 31.4 % and 20.0 % in the urban and rural area respectively. Women in the rural areas experienced repeat sexual assault and suffered non-genital injuries more the in urban area. Having partner and living in urban area were associated with female sexual assault. Conclusions: Sexual assault against women constitutes public health issue in Osun state with rural women incurring greater negative health consequences. Primary prevention strategies should focus at young men and women in both rural and urban areas of the state. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.628-635

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Differences in Health Behavior Profiles of Adolescents in Urban and Rural Areas in a Korean City

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9030282 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 282

Author(s):

Myungah Chae ◽

Kihye Han

Keyword(s):

Health Behavior ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Fast Food ◽

Latent Class ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Rural Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

High Level

Through a latent class analysis approach, we can classify individuals and identify subgroups according to health behavior patterns, and find evidence for the development of customized intervention programs to target high-risk groups. Our study aimed to explore differences in latent classes of health behaviors in adolescents by region (urban vs. rural areas) in a Korean city. This cross-sectional secondary analysis utilized data collected from all first graders’ student health checkups in middle school and high school in a city of the largest island in Korea in 2016 (n = 1807). Health behavior indicators included both healthy (consuming breakfast regularly, consuming vegetables daily, consuming milk daily, consuming fast food on a limited basis, engaging in vigorous physical activities, brushing teeth, and practicing hand hygiene) and unhealthy (drinking, smoking, and overusing the internet) behaviors. Nutritional and diet behaviors were important factors for classifying healthy and unhealthy adolescents in both regions. Approximately 11% of rural students belonged to the risky group, which was characterized by a high level of drinking alcohol and smoking. These results suggest that when developing health policies for adolescents, customized policy-making and education based on the targeted groups’ behavioral patterns could be more effective than a uniform approach.

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Inequalities in breast-conserving surgery for female breast cancer in Świętokrzyskie Province, Poland

Polish Annals of Medicine ◽

10.29089/2020.20.00169 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Agnieszka Paszko ◽

Dominik Maślach ◽

Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska ◽

Michalina Krzyżak

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Rural Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Breast Conservation ◽

Breast Conserving Surgery ◽

Female Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Conservation Surgery ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Age Group ◽

Breast Radiotherapy

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world. Differences in the treatment of breast cancer may be observed by age, disease stage, place of residence and comorbid conditions. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse the differences in the use of breast-conserving surgery among women in the Świętokrzyskie Province. Material and methods: The study included 483 female residents of Świętokrzyskie Province who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in 2013. Following indicators, recommended to evaluate the compliance with the best oncology practice, were calculated: a proportion of patients receiving post-operative breast radiotherapy after the breast-conserving surgery and a proportion of the breast-conservation surgery in pT1 cases. Results and discussion: The difference in the distribution of surgical procedures by age group (breast-conserving surgery vs. mastectomy) in pT1 cases was statistically significant (P = 0.006). The highest values of both indicators were observed in the age group recommended for breast cancer screening in Poland, while the lowest in women 70 years of age and older. Our study revealed a non-significantly higher proportion of patients receiving post-operative breast radiotherapy after breast conserving-surgery in urban than in rural women, amounting to 36.5% and 29.4%, respectively. Conclusions: Existing inequalities in the use of breast-conserving surgery indicate the need to consider the recommended breast cancer treatment to the highest possible proportion of patients residing in rural areas.

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Rural community’s perspectives on cervical cancer screening: Report of a consensus-planning workshop

Advances in Modern Oncology Research ◽

10.18282/amor.v3.is1.199 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (s1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Smita Asthana ◽

Satyanarayana Labani

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Rural Community ◽

Rural Women ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Screening Programme ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Community Setting ◽

The Elderly ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Using Data

The success of any screening programme depends largely on the acceptability of the community to undergo screening. This study is an attempt to explore the perspectives of rural women on screening through qualitative research, using data generated in a consensus workshop for an unscreened population prior to the start of a screening programme. The study adopted a qualitative method in the form of consensus-planning workshop prior to the start of the careHPV screening project. Knowledge about cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was found to be very low. Special efforts are needed to educate the elderly women of the family and the peers of the rural community so that the project runs successfully, as their views can influence community participation. The response by rural women in undertaking selfsamplings was good. Cervical screening is acceptable and can be implemented in a rural community setting. The success of screening programme depends on health education of the rural community.

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Complete elimination of iodine deficiency-induced diseases in the Republic of Serbia through overall salt iodination

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl11455 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 37-40

Author(s):

M. Simic ◽

M. Banisevic ◽

Z. Andjelkovic ◽

G. Zivic ◽

L. Zikic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Control Program ◽

Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽

Dietary Salt ◽

The Past ◽

Ultrasound Study ◽

The Republic ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

The territory of Serbia has been long known to be an iodine deficiency area. The surveys conducted in the past 50 years have shown that iodine deficiency disorders ranged from small goiters to endemic cretinism. The iodine deficiency control program has been implemented in Serbia since 1951, in so doing, the salt concentration of iodine (as potassium iodide) has been gradually increased and at present it is 20 mg/kg. Just in the mid- 1960s, iodine prophylaxis led to cessation of new cases of cretinism and large goiters.This survey was undertaken to determine the iodine provision in Serbia. The survey was conducted in accordance with the WHO, UNICEF, and ICCIDD guidelines and it covered 4598 schoolchildren aged 7 to 15 years from the urban and rural areas of 44 municipalities of Central Serbia and Vojvodina. Among all the examinees, the detection rate of the enlarged thyroid was 2.35% (as evidenced by ultrasound study) and the median urinary iodine concentration was 158 μg/l. The findings suggest that iodine deficiency has been completely eliminated in Serbia due to the effective program of the overall dietary salt iodination.

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