scholarly journals Prevalence of burnout syndrome in university students: A systematic review

Salud Mental ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Yury Rosales-Ricardo ◽  
Florentino Rizzo-Chunga ◽  
Julio Mocha-Bonilla ◽  
José P Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
University Students ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Strobe Statement

Introdution. Burnout syndrome is a social and health problem in college students. Objective. To synthesize evidence from previous studies on the prevalence of burnout syndrome in university students in their three-dimensional approach. Method. The search strategies followed the PRISMA guidelines and were based on the following descriptive terms: “burnout,” “studies,” “prevalence,” “students.” Pubmed, Web of Science Core Collection, PsicINFO, and Scielo were consulted. An evaluation of the quality of the information was carried out applying the STROBE positioning guidelines. Results. We found 1,406 studies that were reduced to 46 studies for final analysis using the STROBE statement, eventually leaving 20 studies. One study (5%) was conducted in North America, five (25%) in Asia, nine (45%) in Latin America, and five (25%) in Europe. Of the 20 studies evaluated in the systematic review, those that had the best overall evaluation in the STROBE analysis were selected for discussion, corresponding to 10 (out of 75% of STROBE). Overall prevalence of each dimension of the syndrome was estimated at 55.4% for emotional exhaustion, 31.6% for cynicism, and 30.9% for academic efficacy. Discussion and conclusion. Moderate levels of burnout syndrome prevail in the different populations of university students of different careers worldwide. In only a few studies is the prevalence low and this could be due to multiple evaluative variables.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Oberndorfer ◽  
I Grabovac ◽  
S Haider ◽  
T E Dorner
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Reports of the effectiveness of e-cigarettes (ECs) for smoking cessation vary across different studies making implementation recommendations hard to attain. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of ECs for smoking cessation. Methods PubMed, PsycInfo and Embase databases were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing nicotine ECs with non-nicotine ECs or with established smoking cessation interventions (nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and or counselling) published between 01/01/2014 and 01/05/2019. Data from eligible studies were extracted and used for random-effects meta-analyses. Results Our literature review yielded 13190 publications with 10 studies being identified as eligible for systematic review, covering 8362 participants, and 8 for meta-analyses (n = 30 - 6006). Using the last follow-up of eligible studies, the proportion of smokers achieving abstinence was 1.67 [95CI:0.99 - 2.81] times higher in nicotine EC users compared to non-nicotine EC users. The proportion of abstinent smokers was 1.69 [95CI:1.25 - 2.27] times higher in EC users compared to participants receiving NRT. EC users showed a 2.70 [95CI:1.15 - 6.30] times higher proportion of abstinent smokers in comparison to participants solely receiving counselling. Conclusions Our analysis showed modest effects of nicotine-ECs compared to non-nicotine ECs. When compared to NRT or counselling, results suggest that nicotine EC may be more effective for smoking cessation. As ECs also help maintaining routinized behaviour and social aspects of smoking, we hypothesise that this may explain their advantage as a tool for smoking cessation. However, given the small number of included studies, different populations, heterogeneous designs, and the overall moderate to low quality of evidence, it is not possible to offer clear recommendations. More comparable data is needed to strengthen confidence in the quality of evidence. Key messages The number of previous studies assessing the effectiveness of ECs for smoking cessation is limited. Further, comparability of these studies is restricted, weakening the quality of evidence. Although current evidence on the effectiveness of ECs for smoking cessation is inconclusive, our meta-analyses suggest that ECs could be a promising alternative tool in attempts to achieve abstinence.

Quality of life, physical activity and burnout syndrome during online learning period in Brazilian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cluster analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Diana Vilela Azzi ◽  
Júlia Melo ◽  
Armindo de Arruda Campos Neto ◽  
Paula Midori Castelo ◽  
Eric Francelino Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
University Students ◽  
Burnout Syndrome

scholarly journals Evidence of Animal-Assisted Therapy in Neurological Diseases in Adults: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12882
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
Alba De la Plana Maestre ◽  
Juan Antonio Armenta-Peinado ◽  
Miguel Ángel Barbancho ◽  
Natalia García-Casares
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Animal Assisted Therapy ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Behavioural Health ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Selection Of

Background: In recent years, the possibility of intervening humans with animal-assisted therapy (AAT) has been growing due to numerous physical, psychological, and social benefits provided to humanity, enabling them to maintain or improve their quality of life. There exist different animals through which this therapy can be performed. The purpose of this systematic review will focus on the effects of AAT in several neurological diseases. Methods: The search of clinical trials was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo, Embase and PEDro databases. The selection of articles was made according to the different inclusion and exclusion criteria, incorporating those that approached neurological diseases to be reviewed. Results: Twenty-five clinical trials were identified, seventeen of which were finally included in the review. The results indicate that animal-assisted therapy (AAT) in different neurological diseases has many benefits in several areas, for example, in motor and physical ability as well as in mental and behavioural health. Conclusions: This systematic review provides occupational therapy practitioners with evidence on the use of activity based on animal-assisted therapy as a novel field of intervention that can complement other therapies and obtain benefits in different populations.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on University Students' Physical Activity Levels: An Early Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro López-Valenciano ◽  
David Suárez-Iglesias ◽  
Miguel A. Sanchez-Lastra ◽  
Carlos Ayán
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
University Students ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to analyze the impact that the COVID-19 lockdown had on the amount of physical activity performed by university students.Materials and Methods: A systematic electronic search for studies providing information regarding physical activity levels pre and during COVID-19 pandemic in university students was performed up to 20th October 2020 in the databases Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. The risk of bias of external validity quality of included studies was assessed by means of those the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The quality of the evidence for main outcomes was graded using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Results and Conclusions: A total of 10 studies were selected. Physical activity levels were assessed by means of questionnaires (10 studies) and accelerometer (1 study). Risk of bias was regarded as low and high in six and four investigations, respectively. The quality of evidence was downgraded to low. A significant reduction of physical activity levels were observed in 9 studies. Compared to pre-lockdown values, five studies showed a reduction of light/mild physical activity (walking) between 32.5 and 365.5%, while seven studies revealed a reduction of high/vigorous physical activity between 2.9 and 52.8%. Walking, moderate, vigorous, and total physical activity levels have been reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic confinements in university students of different countries. Despite of the reductions, those who met the current minimum PA recommendations before the lockdown generally met the recommendations also during the confinements.

scholarly journals Does cannabis complement or substitute alcohol consumption? A systematic review of human and animal studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 938-954
Author(s):  
Constanza Risso ◽  
Sadie Boniface ◽  
Meenakshi Sabina Subbaraman ◽  
Amir Englund
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Previous Systematic Review ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Cannabis Policy ◽  
Study Designs

Background: Whether alcohol and cannabis complement or substitute each other has been studied for over two decades. In the changing cannabis policy landscape, debates are moving rapidly and spill-over effects on other substances are of interest. Aims: update and extend a previous systematic review, by: (a) identifying new human behavioural studies reporting on substitution and/or complementarity of alcohol and cannabis, and (b) additionally including animal studies. Methods: We replicated the search strategy of an earlier systematic review, supplemented with a new search for animal studies. Search results were crossed checked against the earlier review and reference lists were hand searched. Findings were synthesised using a narrative synthesis. Results: Sixty-five articles were included (64 in humans, one in animals). We synthesised findings into categories: patterns of use, substitution practices, economic relationship, substance use disorders, policy evaluation, others and animal studies. Overall, 30 studies found evidence for substitution, 17 for complementarity, 14 did not find evidence for either, and four found evidence for both. Conclusions: Overall, the evidence regarding complementarity and substitution of cannabis and alcohol is mixed. We identified stronger support for substitution than complementarity, though evidence indicates different effects in different populations and to some extent across different study designs. The quality of studies varied and few were designed specifically to address this question. Dedicated high-quality research is warranted.

Current Status and Quality of Machine Learning-Based Radiomics Studies for Glioma Grading: A Systematic Review

Oncology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mohsen Tabatabaei ◽  
Ali Razaei ◽  
Amir Hossein Sarrami ◽  
Zahra Saadatpour ◽  
Aparna Singhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Class Imbalance ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Maximum Score ◽  
Glioma Grading ◽  
Minimum Score

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Radiomics now has significant momentum in the era of precision medicine. Glioma is one of the pathologies that has been extensively evaluated by radiomics. However, this technique has not been incorporated into clinical practice. In this systematic review, we selected and reviewed the published studies about glioma grading by radiomics to evaluate this technique’s feasibility and its challenges. <b><i>Material and Methods:</i></b> Using seven different search strings, we considered all published English manuscripts from 2015 to September 2020 in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. After implementing the exclusion and inclusion criteria, the final papers were selected for the methodological quality assessment based on our in-house Modified Radiomics Standard Scoring (RQS) containing 43 items (minimum score of 0, maximum score of 44). Finally, we offered our opinion about the challenges and weaknesses of the selected papers. <b><i>Results:</i></b> By our search, 1,177 manuscripts were found (485 in PubMed, 343 in Embase, and 349 in Scopus). After the implementation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 papers remained for the final analysis by RQS. The total RQS score ranged from 26 (59% of maximum possible score) to 43 (97% of maximum possible score) with a mean of 33.5 (76% of maximum possible score). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The current studies are promising but very heterogeneous in design with high variation in the radiomics software, the number of extracted features, the number of selected features, and machine learning models. All of the studies were retrospective in design; many are based on small datasets and/or suffer from class imbalance and lack of external validation data­sets.

scholarly journals Physics Forceps in Tooth Extraction—A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Krishnamachari Janani ◽  
Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja ◽  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽  
Ahmed Ismail Nagy ◽  
Sulphi Abdul Basheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Marginal Bone Loss ◽  
Current Systematic Review ◽  
Socket Healing ◽  
Present Systematic Review

The present systematic review aims to evaluate the efficiency of Physics forceps over the conventional forceps for the extraction of a tooth. The study began with targeted electronic searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases. All selected articles were reviewed by four independent reviewers for eligibility. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to analyze the studies for bias. Due to heterogeneity of the selected studies, a meta-analysis of the current systematic review was not possible. A total of five studies were considered for the final analysis. The risk of bias showed high risk for all five included articles. Various parameters, such as fracture of the root, dry socket, healing, pain, postoperative infection, crown fractures, buccal bone fractures, extraction time, gingival and marginal bone loss, gingival laceration, bleeding and healing were assessed. Based on the data available, there is an insufficient quality of evidence to conclude the superiority of the Physics forceps over conventional forceps.

scholarly journals Ultrasonido para la valoración del contenido gástrico: revisión sistemática de la literatura

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-503
Author(s):  
Darío Fernando Ortega Vallejo ◽  
Andrés Felipe Erazo Narvaez ◽  
León Santiago Díez Chamorro ◽  
Daniela Suárez Rodríguez ◽  
Jamer Armando Campo Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Revisión Sistemática ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

Pneumonic aspiration of gastric contents is an important complication of anesthetic practice. : To determine the applicability of ultrasound for the assessment of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of gastric contents. : A systematic review was carried out, based on a structured search of the literature published in the databases: Pubmed, EMBASE, SciELO, Cochrane Library, OVID and Google Scholar, from the foundation of these until December 2018 Boolean connectors were used to locate information from the terms: anesthesiology, ultrasonography, gastrointestinal Contents. The quality of the information was assessed using different tools according to each type of study. : We found 23 relevant studies for inclusion in the systematic review. The overall risk of bias was low. : Gastric ultrasound seems to correspond to a tool that is easy to perform at the patient’s bedside, but there is uncertainty about its applicability in uncontrolled settings, different from those applied in the studies described in this review. More research is needed with different populations and scenarios, in favor of establishing the behavior in these, of the variables that can be determined by ultrasound. The implications for clinical practice and long-term outcomes may have the measurements achieved by ultrasound are still uncertain.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout in Midwives: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Suleiman-Martos ◽  
Luis Albendín-García ◽  
José L. Gómez-Urquiza ◽  
Keyla Vargas-Román ◽  
Lucia Ramirez-Baena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources

The prevalence of burnout in midwives has been briefly studied. Given the negative effects of burnout syndrome in the physical and mental health, and also related to the quality of care provided, rates of absenteeism and sick leave; identifying related factors for the syndrome are needed. The aim was to determine the prevalence, levels, and factors related to the burnout syndrome, measured with the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in midwives. A systematic review and meta-analysis were selected from CINAHL, LILACS, ProQuest, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO, and Scopus databases, with the search equation “burnout AND (midwife OR midwives OR nurses midwives)”. Fourteen articles were found with a total of 8959 midwives. Most of the studies showed moderate levels of personal burnout. The prevalence obtained was 50% (95% CI = 38–63) for personal burnout; 40% (95% CI = 32–49) for work-related burnout; and 10% (95% CI = 7–13) for client-related burnout. Midwives’ age, less experience, and living alone constitute the main related factors, as well as, the scarcity of resources, work environment, and the care model used. Most midwives present personal and work-related burnout, which indicates a high risk of developing burnout. Personal factors and working conditions should be taken into account when assessing burnout risk profiles of midwives.

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