GEOINFORMATION SYSTEMS IN FOREST RESOURCES MONITORING

Author(s):  
P. Savkov ◽  
N. Levinskova ◽  
G. Bondarchuk ◽  
N. Postarnichenko

The total area of the forest fund of Ukraine is 10400000 hectares, of which 9600000 hectares are covered with forest vegetation. In total, 15.9 % of the country's area is covered by forests. This figure is growing: in 50 years the area of forests increased by 21 %, almost three times increased stock of wood – it is estimated within 2102 million cubic meters. But this is not enough. Today there are a number of problems connected with forestry, for example: mass destruction of forests, lack of forest development strategy, low level of forest resources use, lack of reliable information about the biomass condition, forest fires. According to the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine, the volume of unauthorized felling has been steadily decreasing for a long time, during 2005-2010. However, already in 2011 it was 25,100 cubic meters, which is 2.2 thousand more than in the previous year, 2007. However, this statistic, too, is mostly about illegal logging by local people, so it reflects very small volumes. The largest number of poached logging is recorded in the Lviv region. For example, in 2018 in the region 12,047 cubic meters of wood were illegally cut, and the figures do not stand still. As a consequence, this situation over time can lead to environmental degradation, increased water and wind erosion, degradation of agricultural land. The forest industry is one of the promising industries in Ukraine, for which it is advisable to use the tools of geographic information systems that provide detailed and necessary information, which greatly simplifies the work in research, analysis and prediction of the dynamics of the forestry fund of Ukraine. With the help of geospatial analysis tools we open up new horizons in the development and organization of forestry production, control and management of forests at all levels. This is why in today's conditions the introduction of geoinformation technologies can not only save money, but also save large areas of the forest fund and hundreds of diligent villages, settlements and cities. The events that took place in April 2020 showed that the lack of active monitoring of burning areas has painful consequences. The fire destroyed almost 40 houses in the resettled villages, Lichmans Srednyaya Rudnya, Nizhnyaya Rudnya and Verkhnyaya Rudnya, 45 buildings were saved, about 5 % of the protected area, 11500 hectares in the southwestern part of the Chernobyl Reserve were affected. These villages in Zhytomyr region were resettled after Chernobyl. More than 2000 people and 120 units of equipment were involved in extinguishing the fireі.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2002
Author(s):  
Ke Huang ◽  
Martin Dallimer ◽  
Lindsay C. Stringer ◽  
Anlu Zhang ◽  
Ting Zhang

Urbanization involves expansion of the amount of land covered by urban uses. Rural to urban land conversion (RULC) can satisfy demand for the additional space that growing cities require. However, there can be negative consequences, such as the loss of productive agricultural land and/or the destruction of natural habitats. Considerable interest therefore exists among policy makers and researchers regarding how the efficiency of RULC can be maximized. We used the Gini index and a data envelopment analysis to quantify the relationship between RULC and economic development for 17 metropolitan areas in China. We did this from two perspectives: (i) coordination; and (ii) efficiency. We found that economic agglomeration fosters the coordination of the amount of rural land that is allocated to be converted to urban uses. Similarly, economic agglomeration increases the efficiency of RULC in terms of the processes of socio-economic production. Through production technology innovation and readjustment in the scale of input factors, the productive efficiency of RULC can be promoted. Our findings suggest a need to strictly limit the amount of RULC, design differential land management policies according to location and development level, and adjust RULC allocation between different cities. Further, in harnessing the potential of intensive urban land use and restructuring, production factors, including land, can be enhanced through technological innovation. Research presented in this paper provides insights for areas of the world which are yet to undergo the rapid urbanization that China has experienced, but where it is projected to occur over the coming decades.


2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 314-333
Author(s):  
Hafrida Hafrida ◽  
Helmi Helmi ◽  
Bunga Permatasari

The massive forest and land fires in Indonesia have been raging and caused haze disaster. The haze disaster is not suffered only in Indonesian territory, but it has become a transnational disaster resulting in extensive economic and health quality losses. In addition, the disaster has led damage to agricultural land and disruption of diplomatic relations among affected states. The number of perpetrators of forest and land fires that increase annually shows that the enforcement of criminal law is relatively ineffective. This article covers the problem whether the principle of strict liability can be applied to the perpetrators of forest burning. In 2019, forest fires in the Jambi Province had took placed in estimated 165.86.58 hectares. The forest fire is the main source of transnational haze disaster. Law enforcement on forest fires in Jambi has not provided a deterrent effect yet. There are forty-six companies acquiring fires in their concession land areas. Unfortunately, only four of them reached court proceedings and only two companies were declared guilty by the court. Therefore, as a deterrent effort, the principle of strict liability can be applied as the main principle to handle perpetrators of forest burning.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
E. S. Podolskaia ◽  

Forest industry today has some experience of using Open Source-programs. The article describes the Open Source QGIS plugins to solve the forestry challenges for the forest fire management and forest resources in scientific and applied research. Undertaken analysis will simplify selection of tools for a forest geoinformation project in Desktop and Web versions. A general brief description of modern plugins in QGIS (version 3.18.1) is given, and forestry plugins are characterized. An analysis of external QGIS plugins for working with forest resources and forest fires showed the heterogeneity of research, which has not identified any trends yet. Development of plugins with available data as map services for territories of different spatial coverage may be an option for the future research, while the ability to access archived data is important for the forest industry. The niche of thematic forest tasks in the modern QGIS plugin repository continues to be quite narrow. Transport and environmental applications implemented in GIS tools are more numerous and can solve some tasks of a forest project. Such review of plugins’ functionality should be done on a regular basis, following new developments and new versions of QGIS software.


2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Djamel Anteur ◽  
Abdelkrim Benaradj ◽  
Youcef Fekir ◽  
Djillali Baghdadi

Abstract The great forest of Zakour is located north of the commune of Mamounia (department of Mascara). It is considered the lung of the city of Mascara, covers an area of 126.8 ha. It is a forest that is subject to several natural and human constraints. Among them, the fires are a major danger because of their impacts on forest ecosystems. The purpose of this work is to develop a fire risk map of the Zakour Forest through the contribution of geomatics according to natural and anthropogenic conditions (human activities, agglomeration, agricultural land) while integrating information from ground on the physiognomy of the vegetation. For this, the creation of a clearer fire risk map to delimit the zones potentially sensitive to forest fires in the forest area of Zakour. This then allows good implementation of detection management plans, for better prevention and decision-making assistance in protecting and fighting forest fires.


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-155
Author(s):  
Auzan Syahmi ◽  
Irwan Irwan ◽  
Romano Romano

Abstrak . Lada merupakan salah satu  tanaman rempah-rempah yang berasal dari tanaman perkebunan yang sangat terkenal dahulu di Aceh. Khususnya Petani lada di Aceh saat ini sudah mulai memperhatikan lada untuk dikembangkan dengan tujuan meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan. Dengan kata lain, Lada menjadi komoditi primadona yang banyak diminati di perdagangan dunia. Karena berbagai negara menggunakan lada ini sebagai bumbu dapur masakan. Disisi lain disebabkan berkembangnya usaha makanan, berkembangnya industri farmasi, kosmetika yang menggunakan lada sebagai salah satu bahan baku, meningkatnya konsumsi dunia, konsumsi dalam negeri semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya produk-produk industri makanan berbasis lada. Akibat permintaan lada yang tinggi menyebabkan terjadinya masalah bagi petani Aceh dalam keterbatasan produksi lada. Salah satunya lahan pertanian dikonversikan menjadi non pertanian seperti perumahan, gedung dan pertokoan. Sehingga lahan pertanian menjadi berkurang dan menjadi masalah bagi petani lada sendiri dalam mengembangkan lada. Penyebab masalah lain juga yang akibat hama dan penyakit terutama penyakit layu, penyakit keriting daun serta penyakit busuk pangkal batang. Tujuan Penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang diperhatikan pada pengembangan lada, serta mengetahui strategi pengembangan lada yang tepat. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus. Teknik Pengumpulan data digunakan dengan pendekatan wawancara. Hasil analisis  menunjukkan faktor internal yang  mempengaruhi usaha pengembangan lada adalah bibit, pestisida, sumber daya alam, pupuk, dan sumber daya manusia. Sedangkan faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhinya adalah pemerintah, pasar, harga, pesaing, hama dan penyakit. Berdasarkan hasil analisis SWOT didapatkan nilai IFAS (Internal Strategic Factors Analysis Summary)  sebesar 1,756 dan EFAS (Eksternal Strategic Factors Analysis Summary)  sebesar 2,773 berada pada kuadran I , maka  strategi pengembangan yang cocok untuk strategi pengembangan lada adalah  strategi agresif  yang artinya usaha tersebut sangat dimungkinkan untuk terus berkembang, meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan meraih kemajuan secara maksimal, dimana strategi agresif ini merupakan kondisi yang sangat menguntungkan, peluang dan kekuatan begitu besar sehingga pelaku usaha bisa memanfaatkan peluang dan kekuatan yang ada secara maksimal.Strategy of pepper development (case study of indatu farmer group in blang panyang village sub-district estuary one, Lhokseumawe City) Abstract. Pepper is one of the most popular herbs from Aceh plantations. Especially pepper farmers in Aceh are now starting to pay attention to pepper to be developed with the aim of increasing income and welfare. In other words, Pepper became the most popular commodity in the world trade. Because various countries use this pepper as a spice cooking kitchen. On the other hand, due to the development of food business, the development of pharmaceutical industry, cosmetics using pepper as one of the raw materials, the increasing of world consumption, domestic consumption is increasing with the increase of pepper based food industry products. As a result of high pepper demand causes problems for Acehnese farmers in the limitations of pepper production. One of them agricultural land converted into non-agricultural such as housing, buildings and shops. So that agricultural land becomes reduced and become a problem for pepper farmers themselves in developing pepper. Other causes of problems are also caused by pests and diseases, especially wilt disease, leaf curling disease and stem rot disease. Research Objectives to determine the factors that are considered in the development of pepper, as well as to know the appropriate pepper development strategy. The research method used is case study method. Technique Data collection is used with interview approach. The results of the analysis show that the internal factors affecting pepper development are seeds, pesticide, natural resources, fertilizer and human resources. While on external factors that include government, markets,prices, competitors,pest and diseases. Based on the result of SWOT analysis, the value of IFAS (Internal Strategic Factors Analysis Summary) of 1.756 and EFAS (External Strategic Factors Analysis Summary) of 2.773 are in quadrant I, then a suitable development strategy for pepper development strategy is aggressive strategy which means the business is very possible To continue to grow, to increase growth and to achieve maximum progress, where aggressive strategy is a very favorable condition, opportunities and strength so large that business actors can take advantage of opportunities and strengths that exist maximally.


Author(s):  
T. Zheliezna ◽  

Purpose of the study is to assess the current and prospective energy potential of agribiomass (agricultural residues and energy crops) in Ukraine, to determine its main components and the most effective areas of their use. Methods. The assessment of the current potential of agribiomass is performed using official statistics on crop production in Ukraine. Based on these data, the total amount of crop residues formed and their share available for energy needs is determined. When assessing the potential of energy crops, it is assumed that they are grown on 2 million hectares of unused agricultural land, the total area of which is up to 4 million hectares in Ukraine. The study of the prospective potential of biomass is performed for 2050, based on key growth factors, such as increasing yield of crops, especially cereals; doubling the area under energy crops and increasing their yields, etc. Results of the assessment show that according to 2018 data, the total bioenergy potential in Ukraine is more than 23 Mtoe (the economic potential). Its largest components are agricultural residues (44%) and energy crops (32%). Expert estimates suggest that by 2050, the biomass potential could increase to more than 47.5 Mtoe/yr, in other words almost to double. Forecasting the structure and directions of use of biomass potential by 2050 shows that about 20 Mtoe of biomass/biofuels of the following types will be consumed for energy: wood biomass, primary and secondary agricultural residues, energy crops, biogas/biomethane from different types of raw materials, liquid biofuels (biodiesel, bioethanol). Conclusions. Areas of use of biomass/biofuels include the production of heat and electricity from solid biofuels, obtaining of biogas and biomethane, as well as the production of motor biofuels (biomethane, biodiesel, bioethanol). In the near future, it is considered necessary to develop a long-term strategy for the development of bioenergy in Ukraine, taking into account results of the study. In turn, the basic figures of the bioenergy development strategy can be used for the elaboration of the updated Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2050.


2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Masduki Masduki ◽  
Toni Hartono ◽  
Imron Rosidi

Abstract: The ecological crisis has caused destructions such as global warming, forest fires, droughts, floods, erosion, and pollution. It encourages people, including the tarekat followers, to make efforts to improve or harmonize ecology. This article describes the ecological harmony among the followers of Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah in Lalang Tanjung, Riau. A qualitative method was employed in this study because it is considered more appropriate to describe the ecological harmony phenomenon among the tarekat followers. An important finding of this research is that the concern of Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah followers in Lalang Tanjung on the ecology has long been practiced for a long time. They believe that religion basically teaches its people to preserve nature. The ecological harmony practiced by  the tarekat followers is influenced by the spirituality of religion and the local wisdom in which they live and grow. They put forward four concepts in protecting the ecology, namely tree, sanitation, water, and forest/garden. These concepts inform about the Tarekat followers’ behavior and meaning behind it. These four concepts have become their ecological harmony philosophy.الملخص: وقد سببت الأزمة البيئية في العديد من الكوارث الضارة مثل الاحترار العالمي وحرائق الغابات وحالات الجفاف والفيضانات والتحات والتلوث. شجعت هذه الحالة العديد من الأطراف على بذل الجهود لتحسين البيئة أو تنسيقها، بما في ذلك من قبل أتباع الطرق الصوفية. توضح هذه المقالة الانسجام البيئي وسط أتباع الطريقة القادرية والنقشباندية لالانغ تانجونغ، رياو. ويتم استخدام المدخل النوعي في هذه الدراسة لأنه يعتبر أكثر ملاءمة لوصف ظاهرة الانسجام البيئي بين أتباع هذه الطريقة الصوفية. ومن النتائج الهامة  التي توصل إليها هذا البحث أن رعاية أتباع الطريقة  القادرية والنقشباندية لالانج تانجونج تجاه البيئة قد تم القيام بها منذ فترة طويلة. وهم يعتقدون أن الدين يعلم معتنقيه أساسا للحفاظ على الطبيعة. وانسجام البيئة التي يقوم بها أتباع هذه الطريقة يتأثر روحانية الدين والحكمة المحلية التي تعيش فيها الجماعة. قدّم أتباع الطريقة  القادرية والنقشباندية لالانغ تانجونج أربعة مفاهيم في حماية البيئة. المفاهيم الأربعة هي مفهوم الشجرة والصرف الصحي والمياه والغابات / الحديقة.  في كل من هذه المفاهيم هناك مذهب السلوك والمعنى الذي يصبح فلسفة الانسجام البيئي لهذه الجماعة.Abstrak: Krisis lingkungan telah menyebabkan bencana yang merugikan banyak pihak, seperti pemanasan global, kebakaran hutan, kekeringan, banjir, erosi, dan polusi. Hal  tersebut mendorong banyak pihak untuk melakukan upaya perbaikan atau harmonisasi terhadap lingkungan, termasuk oleh para pengikut tarekat. Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang harmoni lingkungan di kalangan pengikut tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah Lalang Tanjung, Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif karena dipandang lebih sesuai untuk mendeskripsikan fenomena harmoni lingkungan di kalangan pengikut tarekat. Temuan penting penelitian ini adalah bahwa kepedulian pengikut tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah Lalang Tanjung terhadap lingkungan telah lama dilakukan. Mereka meyakini bahwa agama pada dasarnya mengajarkan umatnya untuk menjaga kelestarian alam. Harmoni lingkungan yang dilakukan oleh pengikut tarekat dipengaruhi oleh spiritualitas agama dan kearifan lokal di mana tarekat itu hidup dan berkembang. Pengikut tarekat Qadiriyah wa Naqsabandiyah Lalang Tanjung mengedepankan empat konsep dalam menjaga lingkungan. Keempat konsep tersebut  adalah konsep tentang pohon, sanitasi, air, dan hutan/kebun. Di setiap konsep tersebut terkandung ajaran tentang perilaku dan makna yang menjadi filosofi harmoni lingkungan mereka.


Author(s):  
Olga Gamzina

The article considers modern transformations of forestry in Ukraine, including the specifics of its integration into the market environment. It is shown that the currently formed model of forest use has led to a continuous reduction of forest resources and deterioration of the quality of their structure. It is essential to revise the current model, including the forest management system. Currently, more than two thirds of the country's forest resources are available to the State Forest Resources Agency. However, due to the gradual transfer of the entire forest resource sector to market mechanisms of work, it is necessary to provide in advance to ensure its restoration, as well as the implementation of the most acceptable format of private forest use. The main result of the study is a conceptual vision of the new management structure. Due to the fact that in the future forestry will become more and more dependent on the private sector, the new management model should include exactly those tools that will be appropriate in market conditions. Currently, the State Agency for Forest Resources of Ukraine has very limited tools for such influence. The agency, when transferring the site for use, can only control the final result. However, the actual effectiveness of such control remains extremely low. In conditions when the bulk of wood will belong to private companies, it will be problematic to establish systematic monitoring in the country. That is why an effective economic and environmental mechanism of this type of control should be created in advance. Also, the transfer of forest use in the country requires early regulation of all production stages. That is, without such regulation it will be impossible to ensure proper compliance with the law. The introduction of market mechanisms for forest use should take place simultaneously with the introduction of comprehensive rules for the use of forest resources and the restoration of forest plantations. The main purpose of the article is to formulate the basis of a promising model of forest resources management in Ukraine. The problem is that now this area needs to be reformed and is in transition. The previous model of natural resource use in the country has led to a rapid reduction in the number of forest plantations.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Elena Belova ◽  
Yuliya Rozenfeld

The subject of the study presented in this article is the economic relations arising due to the progress of the urbanization that leads to changes in agricultural production. For a long time in Russia a reduction of agricultural land, arable land and crops takes place. One reason for this is the global progress of urbanization. Changes in agricultural land use occur across the country however this process is uneven in different regions. Among all regions Moscow and Moscow region significantly stand out. The study showed that in the more urbanized regions of the country reduction of the agricultural land and changes in agricultural land use are greater than in less urbanized ones.


2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Bińka ◽  
Jerzy Nitychoruk

Abstract The occurrence of Pteridium spores - the common fire-adapted plant - was observed in Poland’s Pleistocene (three interglacials and numerous interstadials) and Holocene pollen sequences. Until the onset of the middle Holocene, bracken was recorded relatively rarely. This marks climatic conditions with sporadic wildfires, followed by quick re- moval of the clones (or maintenance of the clones in a suppressed state) in the subsequent, post fire successional stages. In each interglacial we can also identify short periods (most often synchronous) of somewhat higher frequency of Pteridium, indicating a possible increase in natural fires as an effect of stormy conditions. These short periods are placed mainly within phases dominated by coniferous woodlands. The very high content of bracken found from a reanalysis of the long Saalian sequence at Ossówka as three regular culminations just above three non-tree phases, eastern Poland is the unique exception. To explain this we found the close modem analogue of the above phenomenon in the Alaskan region, at the boundary between the tundra and the boreal zone where in a very narrow forest zone, especially with the continental signature, lightning-initiated fires are very frequent (the edge effect). Pleistocene records of bracken during forest periods might indicate that thunderstorms and lightning strikes were responsible for its higher content. This is not to exclude the possibility that interglacial fires were set by Palaeolithic humans. However, it is more likely that the wildfires were utilized and to some extent controlled, especially at Ossówka, where the palaeolake existed for a long time after the interglacial; and this surely attracted the attention of game and humans. Our investigations show that rare, more abundant Pteridium in the Pleistocene sequences can be traced throughout the corresponding periods even at distant sites. This might be indirect evidence of a climatic pattern that promote stormy conditions and fires at that time. In the Holocene, different factors seem to be responsible for the long-term dynamics in Pteridium clones. Both in Poland and in adjacent areas bracken peaked in the middle Holocene from 8000 to 5000 BP, when this territory was occupied by deciduous woodlands. There is agreement that this is due to burning of forests by the hunter-gatherer societies of the Late Mesolithic. However, in spite of increased clearings in the subsequent phases bracken substantially decreased in abundance. This means first of all that fires rather than clearings were responsible for the rise in Pteridium spores in the Holocene pollen sequences.


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