HISTORIOGRAPHIC STUDIES FROM REGIONAL AND ORNAMENTAL FEATURES OF EASTER EGGS PAINTING

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Viktor Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Abstract Art ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Current State ◽  
Applied Art ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
National University ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Long Time ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Easter Eggs

The article deals with the national historiography in which problems of regional-ornamental peculiarities of easter eggs painting are highlighted. The purpose of the proposed research is the analysis of the existing sources related to the historiography of regional ornamental peculiarities of easter eggs painting as a type of decorative and applied art in general. The main task: to find out the current state and degree of study of the problem. The methodological basis is the general scientific principles and methods of research. Among them - problem-chronological, search, analysis and synthesis, generalizations that allowed to explore this issue and identify works that highlight the topics. Symbols of Easter eggs, their ornamentation and semantics have attracted the attention of researchers: F. Vovka. M. Sumtsov, M. Kordubi, K. Sherotsky, V. Scherbakovsky, A. Lyashenko for a long time. Historiographical studies of regional peculiarities of easter eggs and ornamentation of certain historical and ethnographic zones and regions are practically absent. Among the authors we can mention works by V. Tkachenko, N. Bendyuk. Consideration of ethnographic materials from Volyn on the pages of the Canadian edition "Chronicle of Volyn" is devoted to the article by V. Nadolnoy. A. Dmitrenko explores the traditional and everyday culture of this historical and ethnographic region of the second half of the 20th century, including Easter eggs. Regional historiography and sources are covered in works: M. Maslovsky - Zhytomyrshchyna; O. Yanoshchak-Pshibili – Prykarpattya; I. Dmitruk - Hutsulshchyna; O. Kozholyanka – Bukovina; V. Savchuk – Podillya. O. Khalachanska devoted her research to the symbolism of Easter eggs and its possible use in the lessons of linguistics while working with the works that paid attention to the Poltava Pysanka. Recently, many works are published in which ornamentation is explored in its various aspects. In particular, N. Lolina from Kyiv examines the development and features of the geometric ornament used in the Easter eggs. The author of the article about the abstract sign in the geometric ornamentation of the Ukrainian Easter eggs, A. Dubriva analyzes the historical and cultural preconditions of the emergence, formation and development of abstract art. A. Gotsaliuk tries to reveal the sacred role of the eggs as a protective symbol, its development from paganism and to the present, without neglecting the importance of eggs in the Christian religion. Considering the historiography of Easter eggs painting, A. Gotsalyuk notes that M. Sumtsov "first studied Easter eggs as a folk art ritual, having determined the importance and place of Easter eggs in the culture of Ukraine, paying special attention to the semantics of their ornament". In the article O. Poyannyk from the "Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University" features peculiarities of preserving the traditions of Easter eggs painting in the education of children of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Covering the historiography of the problem of ceramic Easter eggs of the XI-XIII centuries. Researcher A. Sushko notes that the greatest attention to such products was paid in the works by T. Makarova and H. Shovkoplyas. Among the researchers of the time of the Independence of Ukraine, who considered ceramic Easter eggs, she gives the names of V. Titiynuk, D. Pozhozhuka, A. Valush and V. Tkachenko. For the newest historiography a significant increase in different publications, articles, monographs, etc. is characteristic. About that not all works have and bear historiographic works of literature on art-study issues, including ornamentation of pysanka paintings, etc. Thus, the study considers the historiographic work of scientists on the study of pysanka painting and its ornamental peculiarities. It is noted that the problem of historiographical sources studies of regional pysanka painting and symbolic-semantic significance of motifs is now one of the least developed in the national historical and ethnological and art-studying science. One can confidently say only a few studies that partly claim to historiographic reviews of the study of Easter eggs of Ukraine.

PYSANKARSTVO IN THE EASTERN COLLISION OF THE PODOL OF THE 20-IES. XX CENTURY ON ARCHIVAL SOURCES

2019 ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Viktor Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Word ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
Dead Person ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Long Time ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Easter Eggs ◽  
Symbolic Image

In the article the archival materials of the Institute of Art Studies, Folklore Studies and Ethnology named after them are considered, analyzed and published. M. T. Rylsky NAS of Ukraine are connected with the customs and ordinances of spring religious holidays in Podillya. There are a lot of information on Easter eggs in the archival files. The methodological basis is the general scientific principles and methods of research. Among them – problem-chronological, search, analysis and synthesis, generalizations that allowed investigating this issue and identify certain rituals characteristic of this region. The purpose of the article is to analyze the archival collections of documents which cover or provide information on Easter eggs of Podillya, the production of Easter eggs, their use in ritual and to publish the original sources for replenishing the source and historiographical base. Easter ceremonies and the role of Easter eggs in them are usually of great interest. After all, the use of the symbol of the revival and resurrection of eggs-Easter eggs is closely interwoven with magical actions, beliefs and ritual customs. It was these materials that came from the 1920's to the Ethnographic Commission organized by the VUAN. In the informational materials concerning the calendar ritual, we have a lot of information about the celebration of Easter, preparation for it, the making of Easter eggs, their ornamentation and use in rituals. At Easter, children were welcome, mainly boys, mostly native, baptized mothers, midwives, acquaintances, priests and landlords of their villages, carrying «volochylne» as gift, consisting usually of wheat crayfish and a few painted eggs. The children weal believed to be the incarnation of the spirit of grandfathers-great-grandfathers as messengers of the sky world. With childrens bypasses and the custom of the first clerk, stored in ritual part of the annual cycle is connected. Speaking about the circumvention of the fellow villagers or Easter gretings, which did not exist in the circle, the authors write that «on the second day the children go to greet early. Having come to the hut, they greet and say three times “Christ is Risen”, and the owner answers three times “Truly Risen”. The master gives him a handkerchief, and with this he goes from house to hose until it startscalling the church». Interesting information is given about the burial of the deceased during Easter celebrations. One of the authors notes, «those who die on Easter (righteous) go straight to heaven. Theu put for such a dead person in a coffin: a glass of wine, a half glass of vodka and a cherry tree, this is done so that in that world he would have something to eat and drink». The materials of the people's calendar, legends, signs, beliefs, etc., which came to at the Ethnographic Commission from Grigory Judin from Vinnytsia in 1929–1930, are quite diverse and informative. In particular, about Easter, he wrote that «they prepare for the holiday: Easter Breads, pig, or so-called: “A porridge”, or a ram, there are baked noodles (called “woman”), cooked sackcloth (jelly), crayons (called “horns”), Easter eggs». In the use of Easter dishes clearly preach the Christian customs of our ancestors. The owner divides the sacred egg among members of his family, wishes everyone the health, joy, fulfillment of dreams. The ritual of purifying water, like fire, goes from the depths of centuries – so our ancestors recognized the power of water and their actions caused the spring rain. Comparing these spring customs, we can conclude that the basis of the symbolic image of spring nature, with the egg means the sun – water – rain, the very ritual inspired hope for fertility, and in the figurative meaning of people – the strength, health and joy of who poured water. Similarly, vinification with words had to effect on human health. After all, the spoken word sometimes had a strong influence on the person who was addressed. In the answers to the question about the existence and celebration of the Rakhmani Easter, we read: «They tell him that once a long time ago, people called lived rachmani, but they did not believe in God and did not know when Easter was. So, on our Easter, the shells painted eggs of the fell into the water and drove to the ramous, and then they realized that we had Easter. Rahman Easter after four Sundays». Not known by the general public, the reviewed sources indicate the existence of Easter eggs and their use during Easter custom-ritual traditions, in the beliefs of Ukrainians in the 20's of the twentieth century in this ethnographic region.

scholarly journals Theoretical and methodological approaches to periodization of technical and technological development

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The One ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the problem of technical and technological development, which in the modern globalized world is subject to the laws of cyclicity. The realities of today are evidence that in every country of the world coexist and interact elements of different levels of technological structures, which requires a balanced policy to manage their development. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the main theoretical and methodological approaches to the periodization of technical and technological development of the world economy and the formation of generalized criteria for structuring periods of its cyclical dynamics. In the course of the research the tasks were solved, which consisted in the selection of those theoretical and methodological approaches that most fully cover the causal links between changes in technology and technology, on the one hand, and development – on the other; identifying in each approach the criteria of periodization and determining the possibilities of these approaches to describe the current situation. The methodological basis was such general scientific research methods as dialectics, analysis and synthesis, the unity of historical and logical, as well as methods of generalizations, comparisons and classifications. The result of their application was to clarify the essence and establish the specifics of the conceptual approaches of M. Kondratiev, С. Perez and S. Glazyev, which today are considered to be leading in explaining technical and technological development. Based on the comparison of these theoretical and methodological approaches, a generalized idea of the criteria for periodization of the latter is formed. The general conclusion of the study is the formation of scientific ideas about the stages through which society passes in its technical and technological development. This allows you to properly assess the current state of a particular economic system and choose more effective instruments of economic policy to guide its development through progress.

scholarly journals Regularities and trends of the of the livestock industry current state in the Zhytomyr region

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Valeriy Mykytyuk
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Livestock Products

An important condition for the provision of the country's food security is the production of sufficient quantities of food ensuring its proper quality. The current state of development of the livestock industry, as the main supplier of the population with meat, milk and other products both in Ukraine and at the regional level does not meet its potential capabilities. The purpose of the study was to investigate the trends and patterns of the current state of the livestock industry at the regional level and to find the main ways of its development. The study used general scientific and economic-statistical methods, namely: series of dynamics, analysis and synthesis, comparison. Analysis of the current trends in the livestock industry at the regional level as well as some of its indicators in general for Ukraine was carried out. Changes and dynamics of the average annual available number of livestock and poultry by groups of animals are revealed. It was found that the positive changes in the number of animals led to an increase in meat production, including lamb and goat, and poultry. However, this did not increase the production of beef, pork, milk and honey. The structure of meat production does not fully correspond to the natural and economic area of the animal husbandry. The influence of changes in the dynamics of the level of productivity of farm animals on the gross output of products, especially in the branches of pig breeding, sheep breeding, beekeeping, is estimated. According to the results of the research, the level of production of the main types of livestock products per capita has increased, but does not yet fully meet the physiological norms of consumption of these products. Feed evaluation in animal husbandry allowed measuring the efficiency of their use in terms of nutrients per 1 conventional head and unit of production by its types. An assessment of the economic efficiency of the industry is carried out according to the main indicators that summarise it. In the structure of production costs, the largest part is occupied by direct material costs. It was found that only the production of milk and chicken eggs was profitable. The study suggests the main approaches to the development of the livestock industry in the future

scholarly journals UNDERGROUND MOSQUES OF MANGYSTAU AS THE OBJECTS OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Asima G. КOSHIM ◽  
◽  
Aigul M. SERGEYEVA ◽  
Kuat T. SAPAROV ◽  
Sveta K. BERDYBAEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Complex Methods

A distinctive feature of Mangystau is a significant number of underground mosques that have existed within the region since the X-XIII centuries. The purpose of the study is to analyze and assess the current state of underground mosques and the prospects for their use as objects for the development of tourism. The study was carried out as a result of the use of complex methods: dialectical, retrospective, systemic and logical analysis, as well as general scientific methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis. Underground mosques in Mangistau region play an important role in the development of tourism in Kazakhstan. The analysis shows that the objects carved into the rock are unique underground structures that differ in the peculiarity and history of their formation. The research results can be used in theoretical and methodological research on this topic. The research materials show that in the Mangistau region it is necessary to study the religious heritage using a rich resource base and develop new tour programs that will increase the region's tourism pportunities and the development of all types of religious tourism.

scholarly journals Professor M. P. Kovalskyi and the Library

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Liudmyla M. Luchka
Keyword(s):  
Popular Science ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Reading Interests ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
National University ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Long Time ◽  
University Professor ◽  
Personal Library

The purpose: the article deals with the Dnipro period scientific achievements (1965–2004) of a scientist, historian, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University professor, Mykola Pavlovych Kovalskyi. According to the analysis of document resources university library using the elements of the search engine, 12 authorʼs monographs and more than 200 scientific articles were found. 5 editions, the editorial board of which included the name of M. P. Kovalskyi were also discovered. Research methods: systemic-structural, analysis and synthesis, comparative. Main results: The readerʼs ticket stored in the scientific library allowed to reveal a range of reading interests of the historian during 30 years of work at Dnipro University. A separate direction of his legacy is a collection of books which he gathered for a long time. The total number of his library amounts to more than 12 thousand items. In 2016, about 500 copies from his private book collection were donated to the scientific library of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University by the daughter of a scientist I. M. Kovalska. The value of each copy is the presence of exlibris, seals and gift inscriptions. The collection presents scientific, popular science and fiction in Ukrainian, Russian and Polish. The scientist was interested in art, diplomacy and literary studies. The research shows the first books from the library of the Ukrainian historian, provides a thorough review of professional publications, outlines unique books on Ukrainian and foreign fiction literature. The presence of unique books, illustrated albums, devoted to national decorative arts, customs and traditions in the collection testifies to the diverse interests of the scientist. He created an integral thematic card index and gave a clear quantitative circulation of publications. These facts testify to the high bibliographic level of M. P. Kovalskyi. Conclusions: M. P. Kovalskyi made a significant contribution not only in Ukrainian history, sources study and historiography, but also in library and bibliographic field. His reading interests and the presence of a valuable book collection allow us to expand the image of the historian, scientist, a remarkable person and a real fan of libraries. Practical significance: recommended for scholars to in-depth study of the figure of a historian. Scientific novelty: for the first time the image of a historian as a reader and owner of a personal library is illuminated. Type of article: descriptive.

scholarly journals AN ECLECTIC TREND IN PRODUCTS OF JOZEPH MARSHAK'S JEWELRY FACTORY ON EXAMPLE OF A SILVER TEA AND COFFEE SET, EXIBITED AT THE ALL-RUSSIAN EXIBITION IN KIEV IN 1913

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (42) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
N. Sapfirova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Art History ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Main Task ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
History Approach

The subject of research is the legacy of Joseph Abramovich Marshak – famous Kiev jeweler and owner of a jewelry enterprise, whose period of activity covers 1878–1918. Among the large number of jewelry made during the forty years of the factory's operation, it should be noted products that correspond to the stylistic trends of the era of historicism, in particular, the silver tea and coffee set, exhibited at the All-Russian Exhibition in Kiev in 1913. The main task of this work is to investigate artful language of eclecticism, expressiveness of which allowed artists of J. Marshak's era to combine decorative heritage and semantic interpretation from Antiquity to beginning of the 20th century.  Methodology of this work is based on general scientific principles of historicism and an art history approach. They were realized through the use of following general scientific research methods: otnological, hermeneutic, semiotic, cultural, cross-cultural, iconographic, typologization and art history analysis. Scope of results application outlines teaching activities in specialized educational institutions in formation of plans for art and cultural disciplines, jewelry attribution by Kiev jewelers of marked period, writing scientific and popular scientific works, reference books, encyclopedias, textbooks. Main conclusion: features of jewelry artistic language, which were presented in the tea and coffee set, produced in eclectic style at the Joseph Marshak's factory are revealed. Importance of active exhibition activity and its connection with improvement of stylistic solutions in the jewelry production is displayed. It has been established that eclecticism was given priority in comparison with other stylistic directions at the basis of creative developments at J. Marshak's factory.Key words: jewelry, eclecticism, Joseph Marshak, late 19th – early 20th century.

FINANCIAL DECENTRALIZATION IN UKRAINE: CONSEQUENCES OF REFORM

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslana Ignatenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Main Task ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Stages

Ukraine's striving for European space is determined by goals and objectives. The Concept of reforming local self-government and the territorial organization of power in Ukraine, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on April 1, 2014, caused by political processes that provide for financial decentralization. Decentralization is the transfer of significant powers and budgets from government bodies to local governments. Local self-government is when residents in cities and villages themselves decide most of the important issues, are themselves responsible for school and preschool education, first-level health care, cultural institutions, and amenities. That is, the main task of decentralization and unification of communities is to give the right to resolve issues to residents of cities and villages. The reform is designed to create a system in which the executive authorities and local self-government bodies can effectively perform their functions, and the communities themselves decide through elections how their region will develop. The article examines the process of decentralization of power and the formation of united territorial communities. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the united territorial communities in the context of financial decentralization. Used general scientific and applied methods (historical, mathematical statistics, system comparison, structural and functional approaches to data analysis). The paper describes two stages of decentralization and their gradual implementation in Ukraine. The article analyzes the dynamics of the formation of united territorial communities, the process of forming their own financial resources of local governments. It has been proven that the reform gave impetus to the full development of communities, the opportunity to improve life in every locality and in the country as a whole. At the same time, there are a number of problematic issues that require solutions for the successful continuation of the reform. Based on the results of the analysis, the main recommendations are presented to ensure the effectiveness of the implementation of the administrative-territorial reform and the sustainable development of the local government reform.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF IMPLEMENTING GOVERNANCE IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL SECURITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-156
Author(s):  
Myroslav Kryshtanovych ◽  
Petro Petrovskyi ◽  
Iryna Khomyshyn ◽  
Ivan Bezena ◽  
Iryna Serdechna
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
The State ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Security Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Long Time ◽  
General Scientific

Purpose – the primary purpose of the study is to identify the main threats to the process of ensuring social security and finding ways to establish a connection between economic and social security. Research methodology – the methodological basis is a system of complementary philosophical, general scientific and unique methods of cognition of socio-political phenomena, in particular systemic-structural, comparatively retrospective, institutional and structural-functional, diagnostics and forecasting, general methods of analysis and synthesis, etc. Findings – our results made it possible to establish which particular threats most affect the social security of the countries of Eastern Europe and the calculation results will help establish the country needs a connection between economic and social security. Research limitations – we did not take into account a significant number of indicators characterising the state of social security of the state. The threats we have highlighted are compassionate. In the future, it is necessary to pay considerable attention to the process of assessing the level of social security of the state in order to determine whether it is necessary to state which government measures or not. Practical implications – сertain threats and models can be used by countries of Eastern Europe to form the necessary measures to counter them; Originality/Value – the study covers one of the least explored areas, namely social security, which has not been explored for a long time in the context of identifying threats. Social Security Model IDEF0 Formed.

scholarly journals On Combating Modern Extremism and Terrorism in the Conditions of the Use of New Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Elena A. Antonyan ◽  
◽  
Marina M. Milovanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
International System ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Cyber Terrorism ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific

Purpose. A study of the current state of the fight against cyber terrorism and cyber extremism in the context of the development of new technologies, when modern achievements of scientific and technological progress are actively used in the area under consideration in order to develop new approaches to solving the question posed. Methodology: the article is based on a reasonable combination of the general scientific dialectical method with legal positivism. Social connections and phenomena, and their interaction with scientific categories are considered in dialectical unity. Consideration of a separate document is based on comparative legal positivism. The work uses scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Conclusions. 1. Today there is no comprehensive approach to organizing the fight against cyber terrorism and cyber extremism. 2. At present, terrorism and extremism are actively using in their activities modern capabilities of electronic and information-telecommunication systems and technologies. 3. The current global geopolitical situation in the world does not allow the creation of an effective international system for combating and countering terrorism and extremism, especially in the use of modern electronic and telecommunication technologies. Scientific and practical significance. The article presents some of the author’s positions on how, in the absence of effective legal means of organizing the interaction of law enforcement structures of states, it is possible to consolidate one’s efforts to minimize the spread of cybercrime in the world and, in particular, such most dangerous manifestations of it as cyber terrorism and cyber extremism.

scholarly journals Autonomous robotics: on the problem of control over modifiable algorithms

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Oleg Vasilyevich Tikhanychev
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Algorithmic Support ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Algorithmic Problems ◽  
General Scientific

The subject of this research is the application of autonomous robotic systems of various designation. The object of this research is the algorithmic problems emerging in this area, namely the problem of control over security of algorithms. The study is carried out on the basis of implementation of robotics in military sphere. The analysis of peculiarities of the modern military operations demonstrates that one of the aspects of revolution in military science is the battlefield robotics. However, its realization generates certain issues in legal sphere, related to algorithmic support of the autonomous system. The manifestations of such problem consist in critical use errors, divided by the experts into the errors of first and second grade. The main cause of these errors is the software functionality of the autonomous robotic system. If the consequences for conventional armament are predictable, and the responsibility for their results is determined, the situation in case of implementation of military robots requires solution. Application of the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis allow examining the main aspects of current state and prospects of the problem of algorithmization with regards to implementation of autonomous systems. The article synthesizes articulation of the scientific tasks aimed at solution of the problem of division of responsibility between the developers and users of similar system in terms of development and testing of the algorithms of their implementation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document