scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AS A NEOLIBERAL PRACTICE OF CHINESE INFLUENCE IN THE WESTERN BALKANS

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-28
Author(s):  
A. Parfinenko
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Logistics Network ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Complex Interdependence ◽  
The Impact

The article reveals China's geostrategic interests in the Western Balkans. The paper highlights the main directions of Beijing's political and economic cooperation with the countries of the region, the impact of these processes on the foreign policy orientations of the Balkan countries. The focus is on assessing the international political potential of Chinese outbound tourism as a tool for neoliberal influence on the host destinations of the Western Balkans. The work consists of three interrelated parts. The first part, within the neoliberal paradigm, reveals the understanding of tourism as a factor of international political interaction and the establishment of "complex interdependence". For China, which generates the largest outbound tourist flow, these human communications provide the possibility of indirect influence on host destinations through the created economic dependence and the approval of "official tourist destinations." The second part of the study highlights the Chinese approach to the Western Balkans. It is motivated by the implementation of a large-scale project of the New Silk Road "Belt and Road Initiative", designed to create a cross-border transport and logistics network to accelerate the delivery of Chinese goods to European markets. In the context of this project, the countries of the Western Balkans have become a geographical "entry point" for both land and sea corridors of the new Silk Road, which connect the markets of Europe and Asia. The third part of the publication shows that China's international political and investment activity in the Western Balkans is based on a network of transnational social ties created under the auspices of the state. An appropriate place among them is given to tourist flows from China, whose communication strategies influence emotional and commercial involvement, as well as a positive perception of China in the region. It has been concluded that the intensification of tourist contacts and the related liberalization of mobility regimes serve as an important factor in strengthening the complex asymmetric interdependence of the Balkans with China. In the long term, this will strengthen Beijing's position in Europe, especially in the context of global competition with the United States.

Situational Breakdowns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Nassauer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This book provides an account of how and why routine interactions break down and how such situational breakdowns lead to protest violence and other types of surprising social outcomes. It takes a close-up look at the dynamic processes of how situations unfold and compares their role to that of motivations, strategies, and other contextual factors. The book discusses factors that can draw us into violent situations and describes how and why we make uncommon individual and collective decisions. Covering different types of surprise outcomes from protest marches and uprisings turning violent to robbers failing to rob a store at gunpoint, it shows how unfolding situations can override our motivations and strategies and how emotions and culture, as well as rational thinking, still play a part in these events. The first chapters study protest violence in Germany and the United States from 1960 until 2010, taking a detailed look at what happens between the start of a protest and the eruption of violence or its peaceful conclusion. They compare the impact of such dynamics to the role of police strategies and culture, protesters’ claims and violent motivations, the black bloc and agents provocateurs. The analysis shows how violence is triggered, what determines its intensity, and which measures can avoid its outbreak. The book explores whether we find similar situational patterns leading to surprising outcomes in other types of small- and large-scale events: uprisings turning violent, such as Ferguson in 2014 and Baltimore in 2015, and failed armed store robberies.

Hospitalization Rates Among Dialysis Patients During Hurricane Katrina

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Howard ◽  
Rebecca Zhang ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
Nancy Kutner
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionDialysis centers struggled to maintain continuity of care for dialysis patients during and immediately following Hurricane Katrina's landfall on the US Gulf Coast in August 2005. However, the impact on patient health and service use is unclear.ProblemThe impact of Hurricane Katrina on hospitalization rates among dialysis patients was estimated.MethodsData from the United States Renal Data System were used to identify patients receiving dialysis from January 1, 2001 through August 29, 2005 at clinics that experienced service disruptions during Hurricane Katrina. A repeated events duration model was used with a time-varying Hurricane Katrina indicator to estimate trends in hospitalization rates. Trends were estimated separately by cause: surgical hospitalizations, medical, non-renal-related hospitalizations, and renal-related hospitalizations.ResultsThe rate ratio for all-cause hospitalization associated with the time-varying Hurricane Katrina indicator was 1.16 (95% CI, 1.05-1.29; P = .004). The ratios for cause-specific hospitalization were: surgery, 0.84 (95% CI, 0.68-1.04; P = .11); renal-related admissions, 2.53 (95% CI, 2.09-3.06); P < .001), and medical non-renal related, 1.04 (95% CI, 0.89-1.20; P = .63). The estimated number of excess renal-related hospital admissions attributable to Katrina was 140, representing approximately three percent of dialysis patients at the affected clinics.ConclusionsHospitalization rates among dialysis patients increased in the month following the Hurricane Katrina landfall, suggesting that providers and patients were not adequately prepared for large-scale disasters.Howard D, Zhang R, Huang Y, Kutner N. Hospitalization rates among dialysis patients during Hurricane Katrina. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(4):1-5.

scholarly journals Impact of the first COVID-19 shelter-in-place order in the United States on emergency department utilization, Marin County, California

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett R. Bayles ◽  
Michaela F George ◽  
Haylea Hannah ◽  
Patti Culross ◽  
Rochelle R. Ereman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emergency Department Utilization ◽  
Marin County ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
The Impact

Background: The first shelter-in-place (SIP) order in the United States was issued across six counties in the San Francisco Bay Area to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on critical care resources. We sought to assess the impact of this large-scale intervention on emergency departments (ED) in Marin County, California. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive and trend analysis of all ED visits in Marin County, California from January 1, 2018 to May 4, 2020 to quantify the temporal dynamics of ED utilization before and after the March 17, 2020 SIP order. Results: The average number of ED visits per day decreased by 52.3% following the SIP order compared to corresponding time periods in 2018 and 2019. Both respiratory and non-respiratory visits declined, but this negative trend was most pronounced for non-respiratory admissions. Conclusions: The first SIP order to be issued in the United States in response to COVID-19 was associated with a significant reduction in ED utilization in Marin County.

scholarly journals Role of Soil Moisture Feedback in the Development of Extreme Summer Drought and Flood in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 2191-2207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roop Saini ◽  
Guiling Wang ◽  
Jeremy S. Pal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Drought And Flood ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Moisture Feedback

Abstract This study tackles the contribution of soil moisture feedback to the development of extreme summer precipitation anomalies over the conterminous United States using a regional climate model. The model performs well in reproducing both the mean climate and extremes associated with drought and flood. A large set of experiments using the model are conducted that involve swapped initial soil moisture between flood and drought years using the 1988 and 2012 droughts and 1993 flood as examples. The starting time of these experiments includes 1 May (late spring) and 1 June (early summer). For all three years, the impact of 1 May soil moisture swapping is much weaker than the 1 June soil moisture swapping. In 1988 and 2012, replacing the 1 June soil moisture with that from 1993 reduces both the spatial extent and the severity of the simulated summer drought and heat. The impact is especially strong in 2012. In 1993, however, replacing the 1 June soil moisture with that from 1988 has little impact on precipitation. The contribution of soil moisture feedback to summer extremes is larger in 2012 than in 1988 and 1993. This may be because of the presence of strong anomalies in large-scale forcing in 1988 and 1993 that prohibit or favor precipitation, and the lack of such in 2012. This study demonstrates how the contribution of land–atmosphere feedback to the development of seasonal climate anomalies may vary from year to year and highlights its importance in the 2012 drought.

scholarly journals The Open End of the War of Yugoslav Legacy: the Consequences of the Dissolution of the SFRY Three Decades Later

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-95
Author(s):  
D. V. Yefremenko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The United States ◽  
External Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
External Interference ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the dynamics and prospects of resolving the main confl icts in the Western Balkans three decades after the collapse of Yugoslavia. The most important factors infl uencing the confl ict dynamics in the region are ethnonationalism, ethnic homogenization and external interference. Western intervention made it possible to stop hostilities, but at the same time it actually consolidated the results of ethnic homogenization. The Serbo-Croatian confl ict is close to its exhaustion due to the actual support of the West for Operation “Storm” (1995), the exodus of more than 200 thousand Serbs from Croatia, the integration of Croatia into NATO and the European Union. Despite the negative burden of historical memory, both Zagreb and Belgrade in bilateral relations are increasingly guided by political pragmatism and balanced assessments of the qualitatively changed situation. Against this background, the Dayton model of state structure in Bosnia and Herzegovina, built on the basis of institutional transactions of actors representing competing ethnocultural communities, demonstrates its dysfunctionality. The interaction and cooperation of these actors remain largely limited, carried out under external control and pressure. Regarding the structure of the article, the author, fi rst, discusses some general issues contributing to the enduring confl ict in the Western Balkans; second, the article examines the prospects of antagonism between the Serbs and Croats; third, I analyze the impact of the Dayton Accords on the post-Yugoslav space. I conclude that scenarios for the future of the Western Balkans, to which the European Union and the United States are oriented, do not lead to the elimination of the causes of major confl icts in the post-Yugoslav space and obviously diverge in essential points from the images of the desired future that correspond to the aspirations of a signifi cant part of the population in the region.

scholarly journals IRAN IN SITUATION OF THE SANCTION REGIME TRANSFORMATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. YURTAEV
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
National Production ◽  
Constructive Engagement

After the after cancellation of the anti-Iranian sanctions by the  international community on 15 July 2015 in Iran the new stage of development has begun.. In 2013, for the post of President of the  Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) was elected Hassan Rouhani. Essence  launched under the slogan “economy of resistance” of the new  economic policy of the IRI is to make full use of internal reserves of  growth to intensive development of the real sector of the economy, national production, focusing on knowledgeintensive sectors and industries for deep processing of  hydrocarbons and other natural raw materials export orientation.  Thus, the policy of “resistance economy” aimed at creating in Iran independent of foreign supplies industries. To the fore in Iran,  leaves a large-scale project activity designed to implement the  principle of “constructive engagement”. Implemented and planned in Iran’s strategic projects are meant for the Iranian leadership in the region and the world. As has shown the conducted research,  paramount value in modern conditions is gained by factors of  continuity and deepening of trust, increase in level of the relations  with neighbors that can be provided with means of joint participation in implementation of status Euroasian technological, infrastructureand trade projects. Such interaction may include, for example, joint  participation in projects of the Great Silk Road, the formation of a  belt of security and of dialogue in greater Eurasia, cooperation in the framework of the SCO, the EEU and other international  organizations. Iran certainly has kept commitment to logic of implementation of the Pax Umma Islamica project, originally – in  Southwest Asia, under its leadership. All foreign policy activity of IRI  in the foreseeable future, including forming of new system of  regional stability in the Middle East and the international cooperation will be subordinated to achievement of this purpose, finally. Tehran,  as one might expect, will return to the traditional Iranian policy of  balancing, this time between China and the United States. Therefore, the possible inclusion of Iran in the alternative projects of  the Great Silk Road (South Korea – Northern Europe – South Africa).

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN BENTUK KERAJINAN RENCONG DI DESA BAET KECAMATAN SUKA MAKMUR KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Saniman Andi Kafri ◽  
Reza Sastra Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Problem Formulations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Objectives

AbstrakRencong merupakan produk budaya lokal Aceh yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun oleh nenek monyangnya suku Aceh. Rencong sebagai senjata tradisional sekaligus simbol identitas diri masyarakat Aceh memiliki sejarah panjang dan bentuk yang menarik. Sampai saat ini rencong Aceh tetap diminati oleh masyarakat Aceh maupun pendatang yang berkunjung ke daerah Aceh. Seiring dengan berlakunya PSBB di Aceh, juga berdampak terhadap pengrajin rencong, Kondisi ini juga menuntut masyarakat harus mencari pekerjaan lain untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari, dampak virus covid-19 dirasakan langsung oleh pengrajin rencong yang ada di tiga desa Baet yaitu, Baet Masjid, Baet Lampuot dan Baet Meusago di kecamatan Sukamakmur Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Beberapa pengrajin yang bertahan, dikarenakan tidak adanya pekerjaan lain seperti yang dilakukan oleh bapak Yudi Hidayat, Ibrahin dan Zuhri. Pemerintah Aceh bahkan telah menetapkan kampung-kampung ini sebagai kampung rencong yang menjadi destinasi wisata baru di Aceh. Sebelum Covid- 19 hampir semua penduduknya berpropesi sebagai pengrajin rencong. Membuat rencong dilakukan secara turun-temurun dimana pembuatan kerajinan ini dilakukan oleh laki-laki dan perempuan. Keunikan rencong dapat dilihat dari bentuknya yang menyerupai kalimat Bismillah ditulis dalam bahasa Arab. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan erat antara rencong dengan Islam. Perubahan zaman tentunya turut mengubah kebudayaan, dalam hal ini turut merubah bentuk rencong dan fungsi rencong itu sendiri, dimana dahulunya bentuk rencong hanya berukuran 35 cm dan dalam perkembanganya bentuk rencong saat ini sudah mulai ber pariasi mulai dari ukuran 15 cm sampai dengan 2 M, selain itu rencong pada saat ini produksi lebih memanfaatkan pamor rencong sebagai salah satu senjata khas Aceh yang ada di Indonesia sehingga fungsinya beralih dari fungsi praktis menjadi fungsi estetis sehingga tujuan produksinya turut mempengaruhinya, dimana rencong saat ini sudah digunakan sebagai aksesoris dalam pakaian adat Aceh dan aksesoris dalam pagelaran pertunjukan. Metode penelitian “Perkembangan Bentuk Kerajinan Rencong di Desa Baet Kecamatan Suka Makmur Kabupaten Aceh Besar” ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif. Metode ini dapat menjawab semua rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini. metode kualitatif juga dapat menggali informasi secara mendalam.  Kata Kunci: rencong, kerajinan, fungsi estetis.AbstractRencong is a product of local Aceh culture that has been passed down from generation to generation by his Acehnese mony grandmother. Rencong as a traditional weapon as well as a symbol of Acehnese identity has a long history and an interesting form. Until now, Aceh rencong is still in demand by Acehnese people and migrants visiting the area. Along with the enactment of the Large-Scale Social Restrictions in Aceh it also has an impact on rencong craftsmen, this condition also requires people to find other jobs to be able to meet their daily needs, the impact of the covid-19 virus is felt directly by rencong craftsmen in three Baet villages, namely, Baet Masjid, Baet Lampuot and Baet Meusago in Sukamakmur sub-district, Aceh Besar district. Some of the craftsmen who survived, were due to the absence of other jobs such as those done by Yudi Hidayat, Ibrahin and Zuhri. In this case, the Aceh government has even designated these villages as Rencong villages which have become new tourist destinations in Aceh. Almost all residents work as rencong craftsmen. Making rencong has been done from generation to generation. The making of this craft is done by both men and women. The uniqueness of rencong can be seen from its shape which resembles the sentence Bismillah written in Arabic. This shows the close relationship between rencong and Islam. Changes in time have certainly changed the culture, in this case also changing the shape of the rencong and the function of the rencong itself, where previously the shape of the rencong was only 35 cm in size and in its development the shape of the rencong now varies from 15 cm to 2 M in size, besides The current rencong production utilizes the prestige of rencong as one of Aceh's typical weapons in Indonesia so that its function is shifted from a practical function to an aesthetic function so that its production objectives also influence, where rencong is currently used as an accessory in Acehnese traditional clothing and accessories in performances the research method "Development of Rencong Craft Forms in Baet Village, Suka Makmur District, Aceh Besar District. "This is done using qualitative research. This method can answer all problem formulations in this study. Qualitative methods can also digging information.  Keywords: rencong, craft, aesthetic function.. 

scholarly journals Cultures of light: Electric light in the United States, 1890s-1950s

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Margaret Maile Petty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Electric Light ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

<p>Cultures of Light is set within a period that stretches from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century in the United States, an era in which nearly every aspect of American life was impacted to a lesser or greater degree by the introduction, distribution and integration of electric power and light. By no means attempting to comprehensively examine the impact and effects of this expansive transformation, this thesis has a narrow but meaningful target, defined by key intersections of electric lighting and American culture. Primarily concerned with the investigation of culturally bound ideas and practices as mediated through electric light and its applications, my thesis is focused on particular instances of this interplay. These include its role in supporting nationalizing narratives and agendas through large-scale demonstrations at world’s fairs and exhibitions, in the search for and expression of modernism and its variations in the United States. Similarly electricity and electric light throughout the better part of the twentieth century was scaled to the level of the individual through a number of mechanisms and narratives. Most prominently the electric light industry employed gendered discourses, practices and beliefs in their efforts to grow the market, calling upon the assistance of a host of cultural influencers, from movie stars to architects to interior designers, instigating a renegotiation of established approaches to the design of architecture and the visual environment. Connecting common themes and persistent concerns across these seemingly disparate subject areas through the examination of cultural beliefs, practices, rituals and traditions, Cultures of Light seeks to illustrate the deep and lasting significance of electric light within American society in the twentieth century.</p>

Bank for International Settlements

1955 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-450
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Market Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Business Trend ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Bank For International Settlements ◽  
The Impact

The twenty-fourth annual report of the Bank for International Settlements was made public in June 1954. In reviewing the period April 1, 1953, March 31, 1954, the report noted that 1953 had been a year of economic progress for most countries, and adjustment and consolidation for the world as a whole. In a great many nations production had reached new record heights; prices had shown a remarkable degree of overall stability; and monetary confidence had been strengthened, as evidenced by the improvement in reserves and in quotations on the exchange markets, and by the fall in the free-market price of gold. These facts were important not only in themselves but also because they had dispelled preconceived ideas and prejudices, such as: 1) the claim that changes in interest rates or other measures in the field of credit were ineffective and outmoded as instruments of economic management; 2) the idea that a small decline in industrial output in the United States would lead to a proportionately greater reduction in American imports and consequently widen the dollar gap; and 3) the notion that a strengthening of monetary reserves and an improvement in the value of individual currencies could be achieved only by a policy of “deflation” and at the cost of large-scale unemployment. At the same time the business trend in the individual countries had been characterized by an exceptional degree of diversity due to the growing strength of most European economies and the pursuit in the western hemisphere of policies designed to lighten the impact of a downward adjustment of levels of business activity.

Firm Size and Industrial Structure in the United States During the Nineteenth Century

1986 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Atack
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Economic Concentration ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of the emergence of large-scale enterprises on industrial structure in America in the mid-nineteenth century and concludes that their impact was ambiguous. In cottons and irons, average scale increased dramatically, but inequality in the size distribution of plants declined and economic concentration showed no clear trend. In other industries, changes in average scale were much smaller and inequality increased, but again there was no clear trend in concentration.

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