scholarly journals Foreign psychology studies of envy: a breef overview on main approaches and perspectives of studying in a cross-cultural aspect

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
E.V. Matusevich ◽  
T.V. Kochetova
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Cultural Aspect ◽  
Psychological Phenomenon ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Over Time

In this article envy is considered as a complex psychological phenomenon that has a structure and at least four aspects of which can be represented in a study: dynamic, pithful, structural and cross-cultural. It is emphasized that the main mechanism of the actualization of this psychological phenomenon is social comparison, as a result of which the subject feels and realizes his or someone else's superiority. Person can be fully aware of envy, but, at an unconscious level, it can, as a basis of the activity motives, provoke him to act. Forms of experiencing envy as a feeling are individual, they can change and transform over time, depending on what is valuable to the person at the moment. At the same time, envy is an unavoidable element of the social life of a person; it can perform an important function in the adaptation of a person in society.

scholarly journals Przestrogi dla utopistów. Wizje optimum dóbr w historii idei w książce Andrzeja Waśkiewicza

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Sokół
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social Orders

The subject of this essay is Andrzej Waśkiewicz’s book Ludzie – rzeczy – ludzie. O porządkach społecznych, gdzie rzeczy łączą, nie dzielą (People–Things–People: On Social Orders Where Things Connect Rather Than Divide People). The book is the work of a historian of ideas and concerns contemporary searches for alternatives to capitalism: the review presents the book’s overview of visions of society in which the market, property, inequality, or profit do not play significant roles. Such visions reach back to Western utopian social and political thought, from Plato to the nineteenth century. In comparing these ideas with contemporary visions of the world of post-capitalism, the author of the book proposes a general typology of such images. Ultimately, in reference to Simmel, he takes a critical stance toward the proposals, recognizing the exchange of goods to be a fundamental and indispensable element of social life. The author of the review raises two issues that came to mind while reading the book. First, the juxtaposition of texts of a very different nature within the uniform category of “utopia” causes us to question the role and status of reflections regarding the future and of speculative theory in contemporary social thought; second, such a juxtaposition suggests that reflecting on the social “optimal good” requires a much more precise and complex conception of a “thing,” for instance, as is proposed by new materialism or anthropological studies of objects and value as such.

scholarly journals The Social Life of the “Forever Chemical”

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-163
Author(s):  
Daniel Renfrew ◽  
Thomas W. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Toxic Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

This article examines the social life of PFAS contamination (a class of several thousand synthetic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and maps the growing research in the social sciences on the unique conundrums and complex travels of the “forever chemical.” We explore social, political, and cultural dimensions of PFAS toxicity, especially how PFAS move from unseen sites into individual bodies and into the public eye in late industrial contexts; how toxicity is comprehended, experienced, and imagined; the factors shaping regulatory action and ignorance; and how PFAS have been the subject of competing forms of knowledge production. Lastly, we highlight how people mobilize collectively, or become demobilized, in response to PFAS pollution/ toxicity. We argue that PFAS exposure experiences, perceptions, and responses move dynamically through a “toxicity continuum” spanning invisibility, suffering, resignation, and refusal. We off er the concept of the “toxic event” as a way to make sense of the contexts and conditions by which otherwise invisible pollution/toxicity turns into public, mass-mediated, and political episodes. We ground our review in our ongoing multisited ethnographic research on the PFAS exposure experience.

Development of the concept

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Hyperkinetic Disorder ◽  
The Social ◽  
Time Concepts ◽  
Observable Behaviour ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Over time, concepts have evolved from the idea of a constitutional basis for behavioural problems, through unitary neurological formulations, to the recognition of neurocognitive heterogeneity and the impact of the social environment. Diagnoses have altered accordingly. ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder have different historical traditions, and still generate international differences in practice; however, they have succeeded in keeping research and clinical practice in touch with each other. This chapter takes a historical approach to describe the influences on the development of the concepts. Concepts are still changing, in response both to the historical context and to improving scientific knowledge. It may well be that recognition of heterogeneity at neural, psychological, and genetic levels will lead to more and better differentiated behavioural concepts. For the moment, however, the clinical utility of diagnosis based on observable behaviour is likely to maintain ADHD as the dominant idea organizing the field.

The mineral world

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-194
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bloxam
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Desert ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Over Time

This chapter considers past and current research of procurement landscapes (quarries and mines) and the extent to which landscape archaeologies, together with comparative and cross-cultural methods in practice and theory have impacted on this field of study. Two case studies are presented in which these new methods of survey and characterization of procurement landscape have been deployed, along the Aswan West Bank and in the central Wadi Hammamat (Eastern Desert). The chapter goes on to address the ways in which holistic ‘bottom up’ approaches to interpreting micro-level data offers us fresh insights into understanding the social organization of procurement within broader aspects of social and cultural transformations over time.

scholarly journals KOMUNIKASI DAKWAH DALAM BIMBINGAN SOSIAL MENUMBUHKAN KEMAMPUAN ADAPTASI MAD’U

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Nurwahida Alimuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Teacher Characteristics ◽  
Field Service ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Social Counseling

This paper argued that da’wah activities in social counseling foster adaptability of students in school as mad’u (object of da'wah). This is conducted by the teacher as a da’i or preacher (the subject of da’wah, social communicator and guide). Social counseling is a field of social life service for students, which helps students assess and build an effective and healthy social relationship with their peers or with the wider social environment. Social counseling is a field service required to help students adjust themselves in school, in this case the students’ relationships with students and teachers in school. Da’wah communication is used to deliver the kind of service appropriate to the student’s social counseling; such as the introduction of the school environment, curriculum, teacher characteristics, so that students do not have difficulties in adapting to the social environment in school.

‘Strike a pose’: Fabricating posthumous presence in mannequin design

2020 ◽  
pp. 135918352090794
Author(s):  
Cath Davies
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Original Function ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Frida Kahlo ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Corporeal Substance

Interviewed in 2004, designer duo Viktor and Rolf outlined their ambivalence towards fashion exhibitions suggesting that ‘somehow life is taken out of the subject’ (2008, cited in Teunissen, ‘Understanding Fashion through the Museum in Melchior, MR, 2014). Garments seeking spectator attention within the museum space are often perceived as static entities devoid of their original function as embodied artefacts. There is no denying an inert aura pervades listless materials that have supposedly lost their agency, now confined to the vaults of the museum-as-mausoleum. In their re-purposed role of performing as reminders of a life now departed, this article considers curatorial strategies that seek to revive a living presence in garment display with specific reference to the remodelling of Frida Kahlo in the V&A exhibition ‘Frida Kahlo: Making Her Self Up (2018)’. Addressing Dudley’s suggestion in Museum Objects: Experiencing the Properties of Things (2012: 19) that an artefact’s ‘fundamental material characteristics’ should be at the heart of contextual interpretation, the role that an object’s material properties can play in the re-materializing of embodiment is evaluated. In the V&A exhibition, a narrative emerges on clothing as an agent that conceals vulnerable corporeality. Sartorial practices armoured Kahlo’s body and the role material entities can play in containing and preserving the illusion of corporeal substance will be investigated. Given this premise, it seems wholly appropriate to focus on the contribution that the mannequin can make to this conceptual framework. After all, it is an artefact with a central occupation of establishing bodily integrity in the display of clothing. Reiterating Clark’s suggestion in The Textile Reader (2012) that the mannequin contributes to the vocabulary of a curatorial brief, this article proposes that this artefact can interrogate the tensions that exist between Kahlo’s sartorial practices and her abject body. Substantiating Appadurai’s premise of material objects’ agency in The Social Life of Things (2001[1986]), the exhibition arguably employs the once humble tailor’s dummy in a significant role, thereby reconstructing its dominant function of embodying fabric in the museum.

Envisioning the Future

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-264
Author(s):  
Burke A. Hendrix
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Social Arrangements ◽  
Over Time

This chapter argues that those facing persistent injustice have extended permissions to experiment with the social arrangements to be built for future generations, since profound injustices predictably frustrate human flourishing and blockade choices about how to balance multiple aspects of social life. At the same time, it suggests reasons for caution about strongly detailed ideals of what the future should hold, since such blueprints can lead to the pursuit of political goals that are neither achievable nor desirable. The chapter argues that ideal visions can help to make vivid the implications of certain values and their relation to one another, but that such visions should be treated as akin to literary works, which expand the imagination without directly describing a world to be brought about. It argues for the viability of Aboriginal “self-determination” as a protean, midrange goal that maintains space for continued agency and experimentation over time.

Ren and Causal Efficacy: Confucians and Whitehead on the Social Role of Symbolism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Dong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Causal Efficacy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Relational Ontology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
The Subject

Confucians in East Asia have always dreamed of holding human communities together and constructing well-functioning polities in and through the binding and harmonizing power of rituals. Underlying their trust in the power of rituals is the notion that rituals constitute symbolic articulation and enchancement of our affective responses to the conditions of embodied relationality and historicity in which we always already find ourselves. This Confucian theory of rituals resonates with Whitehead’s theory of symbolism, insofar as the latter advances a primordially relational ontology of the subject by highlighting the hitherto neglected epistemological notion of perception in the mode of causal efficacy. As such, the Confucian theory of rituals offers a fresh cross-cultural perspective to understand Whitehead’s implied critique of the modern liberal social theories that are based on a view of human beings as atomized individuals who rationally consent to enter society.

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