scholarly journals Intercultural conflict styles: literature review

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Batkhina
Keyword(s):  
Communication Apprehension ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Conflict Styles ◽  
Intercultural Conflict ◽  
Negotiation Model ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
Face Negotiation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Different Cultures

Analytical review of foreign psychological research on the international conflict styles is presented in this article. Intercultural conflict is understood as an interpersonal conflict between representatives of different cultures. The main models describing the intercultural conflict styles are analyzed: the dual concern model, the intercultural conflict styles inventory model, the face negotiation model. The publication provides a brief review of modern studies’ results of behavior predictors in the intercultural conflict; special attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of culture and intercultural communication apprehension on the choice of conflict styles. The importance of assessing the conflict styles effectiveness used in the situation of intercultural interaction is noted. In conclusion, unresolved problems and actual trends in the study of behavior in the intercultural conflict are designated.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF RESILIENCE OF THE PERSONALITY TO DIFFICULT LIFE SITUATIONS IN THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN RESEARCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
N. I. Dunaeva ◽  
H. E. Serebrovsky ◽  
P. A. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Psychological Structure ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction: in article the problem of psychology of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations, identifications of the factors contributing to the development of resilience of the personality is discussed. Today in psychological literature there is still a lack of researches of resilience of the personality, the factors, such as the external and internal ones, the factors influencing the development of person’s resilience are insufficiently studied. An important point in understanding of formation of mechanisms of resilience of the personality is studying of a role of the educational environment as a factor of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations. In this regard it becomes necessary to generalize the saved-up material in works of the Russian and foreign researchers on a problem of influence of the educational environment as a factor of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations. The results of foreign researchers on the problem of studying of influence of specially organized safe educational environment on the resilience of the personality to difficult life situations are presented in the article. Materials and methods: the article is an analytical review where the attempt of systematization of scientific psychological knowledge of a problem of psychology of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations is made. The main method of studying of resilience of the personality to negative life situations in the conditions of the educational environment is the method of the theoretical analysis of scientific psychological foreign and domestic sources. Subjective approach is the methodological basis for studying of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations. Results of a research: consideration of theoretical provisions of resilience of the personality and empirical researches of foreign authors of influence of the educational environment on the resilience of the personality to difficult life situations in the context of researches of psychology of safety, subject approach, the intra-resources and Inter resources helping to cope with a difficult situation. The authors offer a definition of resilience of the personality in the course of exiting from difficult life situations. The scientific proof of the importance of formation of safe, subjective and positive educational environment when developing resilience of the personality to difficult life situations is consistently provided. Discussion and conclusions: the conclusion about undoubted relevance of the questions connected with a research of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations and existence of foreign psychological researches on this issue is proved. Taking into consideration the results of scarce psychological research carried out by domestic and foreign authors the need for further studying of psychological structure of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations and also factors and conditions of its formation is proved. At the same time the significance and the importance of formation of safe, subject and positive educational environment in development of resilience of the personality to difficult life situations is emphasized.

Causality and Filling the Ignorance Gap

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-194
Author(s):  
Sara E. Gorman ◽  
Jack M. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Research ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Rational Thinking ◽  
Know How ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
Do So

This chapter evaluates uncertainty and why people feel the need to fill the ignorance gap. The tendency to want to know why things are as they are and figuring out what caused what often leads people to incorrect or even dangerous scientific conclusions. The chapter argues that it is highly adaptive to know how to attribute causality but that people are often too quick to do so. This is another instance in which adaptive, evolutionary qualities have done people a disservice in the face of complex debates and rational thinking. In particular, people have a difficult time sitting with uncertainty and an especially hard time accepting coincidence. The chapter then considers the evidence from decades of psychological research showing people’s misunderstanding of cause and effect and the elaborate coping mechanisms they have developed as a result. It also suggests some ways to help people better comprehend true causality, without diminishing their ability to attribute cause when it is in fact appropriate.

A test of a cultural model of conflict styles

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Sun Kim ◽  
Hye-ryeon Lee ◽  
In Duk Kim ◽  
John E. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Conflict Styles ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
The Face ◽  
Conflict Strategies ◽  
Face Maintenance

The primary aim of this study is to test a process model of cultural conflict styles. Specifically, we propose a theoretical framework for illuminating the relationship between individual-level equivalents of cultural variability dimensions and the face-maintenance dimensions, which, in turn, serve as guiding motives or criteria for selecting conflict strategies. In the model, it was predicted that the greater the individual’s construal of self as independent, the higher the concern for self-face maintenance, which, in turn, leads to the higher preference for forcing (dominating) conflict styles. In a separate path, it was also predicted that the greater the individual’s construal of self as interdependent, the higher the concern for other-face maintenance, which, in turn, leads to the higher preference for nonforcing (obliging, avoiding, integrating, and compromising) conflict styles. Data to test the proposed model were drawn from undergraduates of diverse cultural backgrounds, studying in Hawai‘i. After being presented at random with one of the three conflict situations, participants rated the scales measuring conflict styles, face maintenance dimensions, as well as scales to measure the independent and interdependent dimensions of their self-construals. The theoretical path model was supported by the data except for one path. The implications of the model for theory and practice are discussed.

Intercultural Conflict

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Intercultural Conflict ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Behavior Choices ◽  
Different Cultures

Conflict, as part of interpersonal interactions, occurs in specific cultural settings. Viewing conflict as cultural behavior helps explain why disputes over seemingly similar issues can be handled so dissimilarly in different cultures. There have been numerous cross-cultural comparison studies of different conflict management strategies, most of them utilizing a “national culture” approach. The findings reported in the cross-cultural conflict literature point to a picture that collectivists value harmonious interpersonal relationships with others, preferring indirect or avoiding styles of dealing with conflict and showing concern for face-saving. Understanding the range of behavior choices and strategies available to manage conflict as well as differences in preferred styles adds considerably to people’s skills as effective communicators.

Cultural Differences in Mulan between Chinese Version and Disney Version

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1332
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Guofei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Chinese Film ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
Different Cultures

This article puts Chinese Mulan and Disney Mulan's plots as the starting point, analyzes of the adaptation of the plots to show the different cultural significance given by different nationalities. The purpose of this paper is to research the cultural differences reflected in the films made by Hua Mulan in different countries. In this era of globalization, and in the face of different cultures, only by taking its essence and its dross will produce masterpieces that attract worldwide attention. There are indeed many cultural differences between the Chinese film Mulan and the American film Mulan. After analyzing the reasons for the differences, this study summarizes the enlightenment of these differences to cross-cultural research and shows some views.

scholarly journals Emotions in the face: biology or culture? – Using idiomatic constructions as indirect evidence to inform a psychological research controversy

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Langlotz
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Emotion Displays ◽  
Specific Emotion ◽  
The Face ◽  
Expression Of Emotions

Research on the facial expression of emotions has become a bone of contention in psychological research. On the one hand, Ekman and his colleagues have argued for a universal set of six basic emotions that are recognized with a considerable degree of accuracy across cultures and automatically displayed in highly similar ways by people. On the other hand, more recent research in cognitive science has provided results that are supportive of a cultural-relativist position. In this paper this controversy is approached from a contrastive perspective on phraseological constructions. It focuses on how emotional displays are codified in somatic idioms in some European (English, German, French, Spanish) and East Asian (Japanese, Korean, Chinese [Cantonese]) languages. Using somatic idioms such as make big eyes or die Nase rümpfen as a pool of evidence to shed linguistic light on the psychological controversy, the paper engages with the following general research question: Is there a significant difference between European and East Asian somatic idioms or do these constructions rather speak for a universal apprehension of facial emotion displays? To answer this question, the paper compares somatic expressions that are selected from (idiom) dictionaries of the languages listed above. Moreover, native speakers of the East Asian languages were consulted to support the analysis of the respective data. All corresponding entries were analysed categorically, i. e. with regard to whether or not they encode a given facial area to denote a specific emotion. The results show arguments both for and against the universalist and the cultural-relativist positions. In general, they speak for an opportunistic encoding of facial emotion displays.

scholarly journals Configurational relations of a face as a source of information about personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-46
Author(s):  
V.A. Barabanschikov
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Geometric Figures ◽  
The Face ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Psychological Features

The possibilities of obtaining information about the identity of a third party were studied in different ways of depicting a face. The results of two series of experiments were compared, in which the same configuration relations were included in the context of either a schematic face made up of abstract geometric figures or photographic portraits of specific people. Stimulus material was based on the figures of E. Brunswick (1956), demonstrating the dependence of induced expressions (joy/gust) on the spatial organization of the face. Assessment of individual psychological features of the sitter and self-assessment of observers were performed using the Personal Differential method. As a result of the analysis the general regularities of perception of a person in the created conditions are revealed: polarization of estimations of features and their asymmetry defined by impressions about the state of modelers — real or imaginary. Two nonspecific phenomena of interpersonal perception related to transformations of the configuration relations of the face have been revealed: (1) inversion of the attractiveness of the person shown in the photo, and (2) doubling of the personality of the virtual sitter. It is shown that the influence of the observer’s self-esteem on the modeler’s assessment depends both on the type of the face image and on the direction of configuration transformations. The obtained results are interpreted in terms of the dynamics of constellation of features, the mechanism of super generation of emotional manifestations and halo-effect of attractiveness. The methodology of general psychological research of interpersonal perception based on the variation of configuration relations of the face is substantiated.

scholarly journals A Pharmacovigilance Study of Topical Acne Monotherapy with 0.1% Adapalene, and A Molecular Analytical Review of Adapalene in Evidence-Based Dermatopharmacological Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Moumita Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Global Evaluation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Molecular Pharmacology ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
The Face ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
User Friendly

Acne vulgaris causes cosmetic impairment. User-friendly anti-acne monotherapy with adapalene has activity against the acne pathophysiology, with very minimal adverse effects. Retinoids, like adapalene, are comedolytic and anti-inflammatory. This study was conducted as a pharmacovigilance study of topical acne monotherapy with 0.1% adapalene, and a molecular analytical review of adapalene in evidence-based dermatopharmacological treatment. A prospective, open- labelled study was done, on 75 patients, with mild to moderate acne. Patients applied 0.1% adapalene topical monotherapy, once daily in the evening, over affected areas on the face, and left overnight. Efficacy was measured by percentage reduction in non-inflammatory, inflammatory and total lesion counts on 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days; and severity of lesions was assessed by Investigator’s Global Evaluation Scale and the occurrence of adverse effects like erythyma, dryness, scaling, burning and pruritus, were assessed by the Local Irritation Scale, among the patients receiving the monotherapy. An analytical review of the molecular pharmacology of adapalene in evidence-based dermatopharmacological treatment was thoroughly performed. The patients showed highly significant reduction in total lesion counts from baseline. No serious adverse effects were observed; and the observations were statistically non-significant. The molecular analytical review described significantly effective evidence-based dermatopharmacological response mechanisms of adapalene therapeutics. Topical 0.1% adapalene monotherapy was effective and safe, with significant evidence-based molecular dermatopharmacological efficacy.

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