Oral Rehydration Salt-Liquid as an Alternative Storage Medium - A Preliminary Study

Objective: To assess the efficacy of Oral Rehydration Salt-Liquid (ORS-L) in the maintenance of the viability of Periodontal ligament cells (PDL). Materials and Method: Twenty freshly extracted teeth were used for this study. They were then randomly divided into 3 groups: Positive control group - 5 teeth which were immediately subjected to collagenase assay, without immersing in ORS-L; Negative control group - 5 teeth with an extra oral dry time of 24 hours, followed by subjecting to collagense assay without immersing in ORS-L and Test group (ORS-L) - 10 teeth with an extra oral dry period of 30 minutes, followed by immersion in ORS-L for a period of 45 minutes and then subjected to collagenase assay. The mean number of viable PDL cells were counted on a hemocytometer under 20X magnification. Results: The mean number of viable PDL cells was highest in the positive control group. In comparison to the negative control group, the test group showed a higher number of viable PDL cells. Conclusion: The study found that ORS-L was an effective solution in maintaining the viability of PDL cells.

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Bioassay of Chick Edema Factor—1962 Collaborative Study

Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL ◽

10.1093/jaoac/46.3.406 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 406-412

Author(s):

D F Flick ◽

James Winbush ◽

Leo Friedman

Keyword(s):

Collaborative Study ◽

Test Group ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Pericardial Fluid ◽

Fluid Volume ◽

Control Group ◽

Fatty Material ◽

Edema Factor ◽

The Mean

Abstract The lower limits of sensitivity of the method by Douglass and Flick for the bioassay of the chick edema factor were more clearly delineated by studies this year in which toxic fatty material (TFM) was fed in duplicate trials at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 g per 16 g cottonseed oil, USP. Nine laboratories collaborated in these studies. Results indicated that the following criteria to establish presence of chick edema factor is valid: "t" value exceeds + 1.3, the mean log (pericardial fluid volume X 100) of the negative control group is 1.1460 or less, and the mean log (pericardial fluid volume X 100) of the test group is 1.1461 or more.

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Biosafety devices to control the spread of potentially contaminated dispersion particles. New associated strategies for health environments

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0255533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. e0255533

Author(s):

Victor Angelo Martins Montalli ◽

Patrícia Rejane de Freitas ◽

Milenna de Figueiredo Torres ◽

Oscar de Figueiredo Torres Junior ◽

Dienne Hellen Moutinho De Vilhena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

High Rate ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Environment ◽

The Mean ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

Uv C

Dental procedures produce a large amount of spatter and aerosols that create concern for the transmission of airborne diseases, such as Covid-19. This study established a methodology with the objective of evaluating new associated strategies to reduce the risk of cross-transmission in a health environment by simulating spread of potentially contaminated dispersion particles (PCDP) in the environment. This crossover study, was conducted in a school clinic environment (4 clinics containing 12 dental chairs each). As a positive control group (without barriers), 12 professionals activated at the same time the turbine of dental drill, for one minute, with a bacterial solution (Lactobacillus casei Shirota, 1.5x108 CFU/mL), which had been added in the cooling reservoir of the dental equipment. In the experimental groups, the professionals made use of; a) an individual biosafety barrier in dentistry (IBBD) which consists of a metal support covered by a disposable PVC film barrier; b) a Mobile Unit of Disinfection by Ultraviolet-C, consisting of 8 UV lamps-C of 95W, of 304μW/cm2 of irradiance each, connected for 15 minutes (UV-C) and; c) the association between the two methods (IBBD + UV-C). In each clinic, 56 Petri dishes containing MRS agar were positioned on the lamps, benches and on the floor. In addition, plates were placed prior to each test (negative control group) and plates were also placed in the corridor that connects the four clinics. In the groups without barrier and IBBD + UV-C the passive air microorganisms in Petri dishes was also evaluated at times of 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the end of the dental’s drill activation. The mean (standard deviation) of CFU of L. casei Shirota for the positive control group was 3905 (1521), while in the experimental groups the mean using the IBBD was 940 (466) CFU, establishing a reduction on average, of 75% (p<0.0001). For the UV-C group, the mean was 260 (309) CFU and the association of the use of IBBD + UV-C promoted an overall average count of 152 (257) CFU, establishing a reduction on average of 93% and 96%, respectively (p<0.0001). Considering these results and the study model used, the individual biosafety barrier associated with UV-C technology showed to be efficient strategies to reduce the dispersion of bioaerosols generated in an environment with high rate of PCDP generation and may be an alternative for the improvement of biosafety in different healthy environment.

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BLACK BANGLE (ZINGIBER OTTENSII VAL.) RHIZOME AND KATUK LEAVES (SAUROPUS ANDROGYNUS L. MERR) EXTRACT COMBINATION PROTECTIVE ROLE ON ADIPOSE TISSUES HISTOLOGIC PROFILE OF HIGH-FAT AND CARBOHYDRATE DIET-INDUCED OBESE MALE RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s1.26613 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 225

Author(s):

Sulaeman A ◽

Patonah Patonah ◽

Negara Gg ◽

Negara Gg

Keyword(s):

Test Group ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Protective Role ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Adipose Tissues ◽

Obese Male

Objective: The effect of Zingiber ottensii Val. rhizome and Sauropus androgynus L. Merr leaves extract combination was investigated using histologic profile of adipose tissues in obese male rats induced by high-fat and carbohydrate diets.Methods: This was a preventive study, conducted for 42 days by simultaneous administration of diets and extracts administration. The subjects were divided into 8 groups. All groups except negative control group were fed with high-fat and carbohydrate diets. Orlistat, metformin, and curcumin were used as contrast.Result: The phytochemical screening of Z. ottensii Val. rhizome extract showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids, meanwhile S. androgynus L. Merr leaves extract presented flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids. The results showed tissues histological differences in all test group compared with positive control. The most effective combination dose for bangle and katuk leaves extract in protecting adipose tissue was 100 mg/Kg:100 mg/Kg body weight.Conclusion: The combination of black bangle and katuk leaves extract showed a protective role, demonstrated by adipose tissues histologic profile.

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Efficacy of Ivermectin, Liquid Paraffin, and Carbaryl against Mange of Farmed Rabbits in Central Kenya

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/5092845 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Kennedy O. Ogolla ◽

Joyce Chebet ◽

Robert M. Waruiru ◽

Peter K. Gathumbi ◽

Paul O. Okumu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Paraffin ◽

Strong Association ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Field Trials ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Common Disease ◽

Laboratory Trial ◽

Group 5

Mange is a common disease of rabbits globally, and knowledge of efficacy of drugs used in its treatment is critical for effective disease control. The current study evaluated the efficacy of three commonly used therapeutic agents in Kenya against mange. In a controlled laboratory trial, 20 adult rabbits were recruited for the study (16 of which were infested with mange, while 4 were mange-free). The 16 mange-infested rabbits were randomly allocated into 4 treatment groups each consisting of 4 rabbits, while 4 mange-free rabbits formed the negative control group. Treatments were administered as follows: group 1 (G1) received two ivermectin injections at an interval of 14 days, group 2 (G2) was treated with a combination of carbaryl and liquid paraffin applied every other day up to the end of the experiment, group 3 (G3) was treated with liquid paraffin droplets applied daily until the lesion cleared, while group 4 (G4, infected-untreated) received distilled water applied topically on their ears and group 5 (G5, uninfected-untreated negative control) was not treated with any preparation. The lesions were scored and sampled daily to check the viability of the mites. A field efficacy trial of the test compounds was performed using 105 mange-infested rabbits. The results revealed that all the test agents: ivermectin, liquid paraffin, carbaryl-water, and carbaryl-liquid paraffin combination were effective against mange, recording the lesion score of zero for psoroptic mange by day 21 in the laboratory and field trials. Lesion scores in the treated groups were significantly reduced (p<0.05) at the termination of study compared with those of the positive control group in the laboratory trial. A point-biserial correlation revealed a strong association (rpb = 0.79, p<0.05) between the presence of viable mites and degree of psoroptic lesions in the field trial.

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Uji Efektifitas Ekstrak Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus) Sebagai Anti Inflamasi

Lumbung Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian ◽

10.31764/lf.v1i2.2559 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Ilham Maulana ◽

Ajeng Kurniati Roddu ◽

Suriani Suriani

Keyword(s):

Diclofenac Sodium ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Group V ◽

Group I ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Group 5

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian uji efektifitas ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui efek anti inflamasi dari ekstrak etanol kulit petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk).Pengujian dilakukan terhadap hewan uji mencit dengan melihat volume udem telapak kaki dari mencit, yang sebelumnya di induksi oleh putih telur 1%. Perhitungan hasil pengujian menggunakan uji analisis varians dan uji newman - keuls. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membagi 5 kelompok penguian, kelompok I dengan pemberian Na.CMC 1 % sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif kelompok II dengan pemberian suspensi ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan konsentrasi 1 %, kelompok III dengan konsentrasi 3%, kelompok IV dengan konsentrasi 5% dan kelompok V dengan pemberian suspensi natrium diklofenak 0,195%b/v sebagai kelompok kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit petai dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3%, dan 5% memiliki efek sebagai anti inflamsi.Kata Kunci: Ekstrak Etanol; Kulit Petai; Anti Inflamasi; Mencit.ABSTRACTHas conducted research Study On Effectiveness of Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk) Extract, with the aim to determine the anti -inflammatory effect of the ethanol petai extract (Parkia speciosa Hassk). Testing forum mice to test animals by looking at the volume of foot edema of mice , which previously induced by egg white 1 %. Calculations results of testing using analysis of variance test and test newman – keuls. Testing is done by dividing the testing group 5, group I with giving Na. CMC 1% as a negative control, group II and group administration of ethanol extract of petai suspension with a concentration of 1%, group III with a concentration 3%, group IV with a concentration 5% and the group V with the provison of 0,195% diclofenac sodium suspension as the positive control group. The result showed that the ethanol extract of petai with concentration of 1%, 3%, and 5% have anti – Inflamamatory effect.Keywords: Extract Ethanol; Petai; Anti Inflammatory; Mice.

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Spondias mombin L. decoction utilization as antiseptic in cats submitted to castration

Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science ◽

10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.2020.162109 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. e162109

Author(s):

Thalles D’avila Pires Dutra Dantas ◽

Francisco Marlon Carneiro Feijó ◽

Nilza Dutra Alves ◽

Gardênia Silvana De Oliveira Rodrigues ◽

Caio Sérgio dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Test Group ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Similar Time ◽

Spondias Mombin ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Surgical Wounds

This survey evaluated mombin leaves (Spondias mombin L.) decoction efficiency as an antiseptic during post-surgery period on cats submitted to orchiectomy and ovariosalpingohisterectomy. For this purpose, 45 castrated mongrels cats were divided into three groups, the first group as a positive control using 0.5% chlorhexidine-alcohol solution, the second a negative control group using sterile distilled water and, finally, the test group using mombin leaves decocted with a concentration of 100 mg/mL. All animals, independent of age and sex, had visibly healed in most cases in a similar time. Animals treated with mombin leaves decoction presented a significant reduction of bacterial growth. In addition, the animals treated in the test group had better surgical wound healing. All isolated bacterial strains presented inhibition halo for chlorhexidine and for Spondias mombin L. Thus, the decoction of Spondias mombin L. leaves proved antiseptic efficacy in the surgical wounds of cats submitted to orchiectomy and ovariosalpingohisterectomy.

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The Effect of Environmental Enrichment with Autistic-like Behavior Symptoms on a Rattus norvegicus Model

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.5616 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (A) ◽

pp. 78-81

Author(s):

Amel Yanis ◽

Yanwirasti Yanwirasti ◽

Nurmiati Amir ◽

Ekowati Handharyani

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Environmental Enrichment ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Repetitive Movements ◽

The Mean

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental enrichment with autistic-like behavior symptoms on a Rattus norvegicus model. METHODS: The post-test control only group design is used in this study. The study sample is baby of Rattus norvegicus Sprague Dawley strain who were born to cows who gave birth for the 1st time and children from cows who had been injected with valproic acid (VPA) who gave birth for the 1st time. This study has been divided into three groups, namely, negative control, positive control, and intervention: the negative control group; the VPA without enrichment as positive control; and the VPA group with enrichment as intervention group. One-way ANOVA tests were used to data analysis. Data are processed using SPSS version 23.0. RESULTS: This study showed that the mean of social interaction in the negative control group was 359.11 ± 39.33 s higher than the positive control, namely, 182.00 ± 35.80 s and 244.56 ± 19.06 s for intervention. The mean of repetitive movement in the negative control group was 48.00 ± 9.03 s lower than the positive control, namely, 212.11 ± 41.43 s and intervention 160.00 ± 18.91 s. There has been an influence of environmental enrichment with social interaction and repetitive movements on a Rattus norvegicus model (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that there has been an influence of environmental enrichment with social interaction and repetitive movements on a Rattus norvegicus model.

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In situ Effect of Nanohydroxyapatite Paste in Enamel Teeth Bleaching

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2164 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (11) ◽

pp. 996-1003 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cecy Martins Silva ◽

Yasmin SB de Lima Gomes ◽

Larissa D Alexandrino ◽

Cristiane de M Alencar ◽

Eliane B Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Knoop Hardness ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Tristimulus Colorimetry ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Bleaching Treatment

ABSTRACT Aim Evaluate in situ the effect of nanohydroxyapatite paste (nano-HAP) before bleaching with hydrogen peroxide 35% (HP35%) by ion chromatography (IC) Knoop hardness number (KHN) and tristimulus colorimetry (TC). Materials and methods A total of 60 fragments were obtained from third molars included (3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm) and the specimens were divided into three groups (n = 20): Gas chromatography (CG) (negative control group) = no bleaching; HP35% (positive control group) = HP35% whitening (whiteness HP35%); nano-HAP = application for 10 minutes before bleaching treatment + HP35%. The specimens were fixed to the volunteers’ molars. The KHN and TC were measured before and after bleaching. For IC, the dentin layer was removed, leaving the enamel that was crushed, and autoclaved for chemical quantification (calcium, fluorine, and phosphorus). The results of KHN and TC were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results The HP35% group showed reduction of the Ca, F, and P ions. The initial and final KHN mean of the CG and nano-HAP did not differ statistically; however, the group of HP35% did differ statistically. The mean ∆E of the HP35% and nano-HAP groups did not differ statistically from each other. However, they differed from the CG. Conclusion The nano-HAP paste preserved the KHN, promoted the lower loss of Ca and P ions and an increase of F ions when compared with the CG, but did not influence the effectiveness of the bleaching treatment. Clinical significance Nano-HA is a biomaterial that has shown positive results in the prevention of deleterious effects on the enamel by the action of the office bleaching treatment. How to cite this article Gomes YSBL, Alexandrino LD, Alencar CDM, Alves EB, Faial KCF, Silva CM. In situ Effect of Nanohydroxyapatite Paste in Enamel Teeth Bleaching. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):996-1003.

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Optimized Rivastigmine Nanoparticles Coated with Eudragit for Intranasal Application to Brain Delivery: Evaluation and Nasal Ciliotoxicity Studies

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14216291 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 6291

Author(s):

Mansi Bhanderi ◽

Jigar Shah ◽

Bapi Gorain ◽

Anroop B. Nair ◽

Shery Jacob ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Test Group ◽

Entrapment Efficiency ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Application Site ◽

Control Group ◽

Intranasal Application

Rivastigmine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, is frequently indicated in the management of demented conditions associated with Alzheimer disease. The major hurdle of delivering this drug through the oral route is its poor bioavailability, which prompted the development of novel delivery approaches for improved efficacy. Due to numerous beneficial properties associated with nanocarriers in the drug delivery system, rivastigmine nanoparticles were fabricated to be administer through the intranasal route. During the development of the nanoparticles, preliminary optimization of processing and formulation parameters was done by the design of an experimental approach. The drug–polymer ratio, stirrer speed, and crosslinking time were fixed as independent variables, to analyze the effect on the entrapment efficiency (% EE) and in vitro drug release of the drug. The formulation (D8) obtained from 23 full factorial designs was further coated using Eudragit EPO to extend the release pattern of the entrapped drug. Furthermore, the 1:1 ratio of core to polymer depicted spherical particle size of ~175 nm, % EE of 64.83%, 97.59% cumulative drug release, and higher flux (40.39 ± 3.52 µg·h/cm2). Finally, the intranasal ciliotoxicity study on sheep nasal mucosa revealed that the exposure of developed nanoparticles was similar to the negative control group, while destruction of normal architecture was noticed in the positive control test group. Overall, from the in vitro results it could be summarized that the optimization of nanoparticles’ formulation of rivastigmine for intranasal application would be retained at the application site for a prolonged duration to release the entrapped drug without producing any local toxicity at the mucosal region.

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Histology of hematoxylin–eosin and immunohistochemical diabetes rat pancreas after giving combination of moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera) and clove flower (Syzygium aromaticum) extracts

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.5928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (A) ◽

pp. 257-262

Author(s):

Purnama Ningsih ◽

Sitti Rahmawati ◽

Baharuddin Hamzah ◽

Tri Santoso ◽

Nurbaya Nurbaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Beta Cells ◽

Positive Reaction ◽

Test Group ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Combination Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Single Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the regeneration activity of pancreatic beta cells by a combination of the ethanol extracts of Moringa leaves and Clove flower. These extracts prepared by maceration with ethanol as solvent . This is an experimental laboratory research by using post test only group design . The subject of this research is 40 white male rats of Wistar strain ( Rattus norvegicus ) and were conditioned DM by streptozotozine-nicotinamide induction . The rats randomly divided into 8 groups , and each group consisted of 5 rats . Combination dose of Moringa leaves and Clove flowers extracts used are 150 : 40 mg / kg body weight of mice , 100 : 80 mg / kg body weight of mice and 50 : 120 mg / kg body weight of mice . The rats were sacrificed and the pancreas taken to be made preparations histopathology , staining and observation tissues with HE and IHC methods. The results showed that the staining and observation tissues of heart with HE method acquired the positive control group , the single test group and the combination group were showing the islet on the Langerhans island of the pancreas is bigger than in the negative control group. The morphology of the island of Langerhans increasingly large indicates increasing the regeneration of the cells of the islet beta pancreas; whereas the method of IHC acquired the negative control group seen lack of display intensity of positive reaction Ag & Ab beta cells with are marked with brown cells . In the positive control group , the single test group and the combination group , seen a positive reaction of Ag & Ab insulin-producing beta cells characterized by brown cells and insulin expression dominating pancreatic island of Langerhans.

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