scholarly journals Some features and problems of application of genomic technologies in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
M. V. Nekoteneva ◽  
M. S. Babushkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Genome Research ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the experience of regulation and the search for ways to overcome some of the problems that exist in the field of application of genomic technologies. Based on the discovery of differences in the specifics of the choice of mechanisms at the international, regional and national levels in the regulation of relations developing in the field of genomic research, the implementation of their results, approaches are proposed aimed at neutralizing possible negative consequences and resolving existing problems. Special attention is paid to the search for approaches aimed at resolving the problems existing in this area in the Russian Federation. The materials of the article can be useful in both theoretical and practical jurisprudence, and may be of interest for other areas of the human genome research (bioinformatics, medicine etc.).

EVOLUTION OF THE PROCEDURE FOR REVISING THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND MAKING AMENDMENTS TO IT: SIGNIFICANCE AND CURRENT PROBLEMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-138
Author(s):  
Евгений Николаевич Зиньков ◽  
Ильнар Ильнурович Тулиев
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Made In

Эволюция - это естественный исторический процесс развития, совершенствования, в том числе и основных государственных законов. Порядок пересмотра и внесения поправок - это процесс, который предусмотрен и происходит при конституционном становлении любого государства. Статья посвящена изучению характера некоторых поправок, внесенных в Конституцию Российской Федерации с недавнего времени. Кроме того, в статье проанализирована роль Конституции Российской Федерации как основного законодательного акта в стране, раскрыты основные принципы, изложенные в Конституции РФ и имеющие значение для внесенных поправок. Авторы отмечают, что внесение поправок в Конституцию РФ затронуло только содержание с третьей по восьмую главы, поскольку внесение изменений в первую, вторую и девятую главы Конституции РФ невозможно и влечет принятие новой Конституции страной. Тем не менее актуальность даже некоторых корректоров в основополагающем законодательном акте Российской Федерации обусловлена взаимосвязью всех положений Конституции, и после изменения хотя бы одной нормы Конституции неизбежно следуют некоторые поправки в иных нормах этого же акта. Далее авторы анализируют внесенные поправки относительно отображения в Конституции титульной нации. До недавнего времени данное положение отсутствовало, в отличие от положений конституций некоторых зарубежных государств, приводимых авторами в исследовании. Кроме того, отмечаются некоторые изменения преамбулы, которые нашли свое отражения в ст. 67 Конституции РФ, а также особенности установления идеологии на территории Российской Федерации. Относительно последнего авторы справедливо указывают, что, несмотря на запрет установления идеологии в стране, согласно внесенным поправкам в Конституцию РФ Российская Федерация должна придерживаться концепции патриотизма. В статье приводится точка зрения о нарушении порядка принятия поправок в Конституцию РФ, а также негативные последствия данного нарушения. В заключение авторы указывают, что, несмотря на особенности внесения поправок в Конституцию РФ, они тем не менее были реализованы, хотя и не решили существующих проблем в Российской Федерации. Evolution is a natural historical process of development, improvement, including the basic state laws. The procedure for revision and amendment is a process that is provided for and occurs during the constitutional formation of any state. The article is devoted to the study of the nature of some amendments made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation recently. In addition, the article analyzes the role of the Constitution of the Russian Federation as the main legislative act in the country, analyzes and reveals the basic principles set out in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and are relevant for the amendments made. In the study, the author correctly notes that the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation affected only the content of the third to eighth chapters, since the introduction of amendments to the first, second and ninth chapters of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is impossible and entails the adoption of a new Constitution by the country. Nevertheless, the relevance of even some correctors in the main legislative act of the Russian Federation is conditioned by the interrelation of all the provisions of the constitution with each other and the change of at least one norm of the Constitution is inevitable by some amendments to other norms of the same act. Further, the author analyzes the amendments made regarding the inclusion of the titular nation in the Constitution, since this provision was absent until recently. This, in turn, cannot be said about some foreign countries, the provisions of whose Constitutions the author cites in the study. In addition, the author notes some changes in the preamble, which are reflected in Article 67 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as features of the establishment of ideology on the territory of the Russian Federation. Regarding the latter, the author rightly points out that despite the ban on the establishment of ideology in the country, according to the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Russian Federation should adhere to the concept of patriotism. The article presents the point of view about the violation of the procedure for adopting amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as the negative consequences of this violation. In conclusion, the author points out that despite the peculiarities of the amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, they were nevertheless implemented, although they did not solve the existing problems in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals THE RISKS OF IMPLEMENTING GENOMIC RESEARCH PROGRAMMES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
A. N. Petrov  ◽  
N. G. Kurakova
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
The Russian Federation

In order to implement The strategy of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, the state program of genomic research and the complex scientific and technological program “Postgenomic technologies: from genetic editing to synthetic biology” are planned to be implemented in the country. Noting the obvious prospects and expediency of the development of post-genome editing technologies and high-tech industries based on them, the authors of the article highlight the barriers and risks of the full life cycle projects: the lack of sufficient number of personnel, the low level of competitiveness of domestic scientific and technological reserves, the lack of modern instrumentation, the lack of industrial partners, as well as the problems of normative and legal regulation of genetic engineering activities in the Russian Federation. Made in the framework of the study the analysis of global competitive landscape in the technology of genome editing showed that by 2018, several multinational companies have established a strong portfolio of patent documents as a tool for the conquest of leading positions in the markets generated by the post-genomic technologies.

Financial security and law in the digital age (International scientific and practical conference ("Piskotin's readings - 2021"), April 15, 2021)

2021 ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Margarita N. Kobzar-Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Practical Conference

The Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences has a long tradition of honoring outstanding Soviet and Russian scientists who at different times served and developed legal science at the highest academic level. One of such recognized outstanding scientists was the Honored scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Law, Professor Mikhail I. Piskotin (1924 - 2003). Mikhail I. Piskotin devoted many years to the formation and strengthening of the science of Financial Law and its sub-branches (tax, Budget Law), in every possible way contributed to the development of the science of Administrative Law. 1973 - 1989 worked at the Institute of State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR as head of the sector and editor-in-chief of the journal "Soviet State and Law". In his memory and with respect to his merits, the scientific community annually holds scientific events. In April 2021, an International scientific and practical conference was successfully held, the topic of which was "Financial security and law in the digital era ("Piskotin’s readings - 2021"). The organizer of the conference is the sector of Administrative Law and administrative process, the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A distinctive feature of this conference was that as its participants, academic theorists and practitioners in the field of financial and administrative law from leading academic and research organizations from the Russian Federation, as well as citizens of individual European states and Asia, announced and made reports on topical topics. The purpose of the conference was to consider current problems, current trends and prospects for the development of Financial Law in the digital era. The participants were especially interested in those reports in which not only the existing problems were raised, but also the directions and ways of their solution were expressed. As a result of the work, the participants adopted the Resolution of the International scientific and practical conference "Financial security and law in the digital era ("Piskotin’s readings - 2021").

Objectives of the penal system and problems of differentiation of convicted persons to deprivation of liberty

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Сергей Михайлович Савушкин
Keyword(s):  
Program Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Target Program ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Development Concept

Важность определения конкретных, измеримых и объективно необходимых целей деятельности исправительных учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы объясняется проблемами, с которыми сталкиваются сотрудники при выполнении функций, отдельные из которых не способствуют достижению целей уголовно-исполнительного законодательства РФ. В статье рассматриваются и подвергаются конструктивной критике цели уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, задачи уголовно-исполнительной системы (которые в 2004 г. были исключены из закона), основные задачи ФСИН России, основные цели Концепции развития уголовно-исполнительной системы РФ до 2020 г., цель Концепции федеральной целевой программы «Развитие уголовно-исполнительной системы (2017-2025 годы)». Приводятся цели классификации осужденных, которые предусмотрены Правилами Нельсона Манделы, как положительный опыт закрепления целей отдельного правового института. Высказывается позиция относительно необходимости закрепления целей отдельных институтов, промежуточных целей и важности определения точных критериев оценки достижимости отмеченных целей. Данная работа проводится для выявления имеющихся проблем, связанных с отсутствием конкретных показателей деятельности исправительных учреждений, выполнение которых должно способствовать достижению целей уголовно-исполнительного законодательства РФ. The importance of determining the specific, measurable and objectively necessary goals of the activities of correctional institutions of the penal system is explained by the problems faced by employees in performing functions, some of which do not contribute to the achievement of the goals of the penal legislation of the Russian Federation. The article discusses and criticizes constructively the goals of the penal legislation, the tasks of the penal system (which were excluded from the Law in 2004), the main tasks of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the main goals of the Development Concept of the Russian penal system until 2020, the goal of the Federal Concept target program "Development of the penal system (2017-2025)". The goals of the classification of convicts, which are provided for by the rules of Nelson Mandela, as a positive experience in fixing goals, a separate legal institution. A position is expressed regarding the need to consolidate the goals of individual institutions, intermediate goals and the importance of determining, exact criteria, assessing the attainability of the stated goals. This work is carried out in order to establish the existing problems associated with the lack of specific indicators of the activity of correctional institutions, the implementation of which should help achieve the goals of the criminal-executive legislation of the Russian Federation.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF PROPERTY INTERESTS PROTECTION OF THE PENAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AS REPRESENTATIVE OF A VICTIM

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Викторович Кияйкин
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment

В статье проведен анализ существующей практики защиты имущественных интересов уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации при участии в уголовном процессе в качестве представителя потерпевшего, изложены рекомендации по улучшению данной работы с учетом особенностей сложившейся практики. Раскрываются особенности уголовно-процессуальной защиты на основе материалов территориальных органов и анализа дел указанной категории схарактеристикой эффективных решений иимеющихся проблем по защите имущественных интересов уголовно-исполнительной системы (далее - УИС), материалов практики защиты поуказанным вопросам, аналитических и статистических данных за 2018-2020 гг. Обращено внимание, чтона практике имеются сложности с определением размера возмещаемого ущерба и сроков исковой давности, а также с фактическим исполнением судебных решений овзыскании ущерба в связи с финансовой несостоятельностью должников. Важной проблемой по защите имущественных интересов остается отсутствие методики определения размера причиненного репутационного вреда органам иучреждениям уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации. Обеспечение своевременного допуска представителя органа илиучреждения УИС имеет существенное значение для защиты имущественных интересов, поскольку юридическое лицо получает фактическую возможность по отстаиванию своих законных интересов лишь смомента допуска представителя - физического лица. Автором определены направления работы должностных и иных заинтересованных лиц по реализации защиты имущественных интересов УИС при участии в уголовном процессе в качестве представителя потерпевшего. The article analyzes the existing practice of protecting the property interests of the Penal system of the Russian Federation when participating in criminal proceedings as a representative of the victim, and provides recommendations for improving this work, taking into account the features of the current practice. The article reveals the features of criminal procedure protection based on the materials of territorial bodies and the analysis of cases of this category with the characteristics of effective solutions and existing problems in protecting the property interests of the Penal system (hereinafter the FPS), materials of defense practice on these issues, analytical and statistical data for the period 2018-2020. Attention is drawn to the fact that in practice there are some peculiarities in determining the amount of damage to be compensated and the limitation period. Due to the financial insolvency of debtors in practice, there is a difficulty with the actual execution of court decisions on recovery of damages. An important problem in protecting property interests remains the lack of a methodology for determining the amount of reputational damage caused to the bodies and institutions of the Russian Federation's penal system. Ensuring the timely admission of a representative of a body or institution of a penal system is essential for the protection of property interests, since a legal entity gets the actual opportunity to defend its legitimate interests only from the moment of admission of a representative - an individual. The author defines the directions of work of officials and other interested persons to protect the property interests of the Penal system of the Russian Federation when participating in criminal proceedings as a representative of the victim.

scholarly journals The Establishment of Criminal Responsibility for Retail Sale of Alcoholic Products to Minors: An Analysis of the Feasibility

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
K. V. Dyadyun
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Retail Sale ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper analyzes the objective and subjective features of article 151.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The problems of interpretation and application of this norm are investigated, taking into account the goals and objectives underlying its creation. Special legislation regulating the sphere under study is considered. The studied imperfections of regulation of the subject of the crime (the relationship between the concepts of alcoholic and alcohol-containing products), problems of distinguishing acts from related compounds (article 151 of the Criminal Code), the complexity of the classification. The analysis of crime-forming features is presented: "repeatability", "retail", and "sale". Imperfections of the legislative and law enforcement approach in this aspect are revealed. In particular, the key features and correlation of the concepts of wholesale and retail trade are analyzed; the problems of assessing what was done with remote methods of selling alcohol; the content aspects of the categories "duplicity and repetition" in the context under study. The question of the expediency of replacing the term "sale" with "illegal sale" in the disposition of article 151.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is studied. The regulation of features of the subject of the studied elements is considered, and existing problems are identified. The question of the expediency of norms with administrative prejudice in the criminal law was raised. Some problematic aspects of sentencing for retail sale of alcoholic products to minors are identified; and issues of establishing the subjective side of the elements. The paper analyzes the opinions of various authors regarding the possibility of improving the norm of article 151.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account the study of statistical data and materials of judicial practice. The author indicates the need for an integrated approach in the fight against alcohol abuse among young people. The conclusion is presented regarding the validity of the existence of the studied norm in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the current version.

scholarly journals The use of digital technology in the public administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-428
Author(s):  
Sergey E. Channov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. The article is devoted to the use of digital technologies in the field of public administration using the example of state and municipal information systems. Currently, two types of such systems can be distinguished in the Russian Federation: 1) allowing direct enforcement activities; 2) used to capture certain information. Theoretical analysis. Information systems of the first type acquire the properties of an object of complex legal relations, in which suppliers and consumers of information, government bodies, as well as other persons become participants. This entails the fact that in the implementation of public administration, the source of regulation of public relations to a certain extent becomes the program code of these information systems. Accordingly, any failures and errors in the public information system become facts of legal importance. Empirical analysis. The main risks of using information systems of the second type in public administration relate to the illegal access (or use) of information stored in their databases. The consolidation of databases containing different types of information is a serious threat. In this regard, the creation of the Unified Federal Information Register containing information about the population of the Russian Federation, provided for by the Federal Law No. 168-FZ of 08.06.2020, may lead to a large number of socially negative consequences and comes into obvious conflict with the legislation on personal data. Results. State and municipal information systems themselves can improve public administration, including reducing corruption in the country. At the same time, their reduced discretion in management decisions is not always appropriate. Accordingly, their implementation should be preceded by the analysis of the characteristics of a specific area of management, as well as the proposed use of digital technologies.

scholarly journals Justification of necessity and analysis of state support of agroindustrial complex in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-596
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Karavdin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
State Support ◽  
State Program ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex

Issues related to state support of the agro-industrial complex are relevant for all countries of the world, including the Russian Federation. The article deals with the key problems of the agro-industrial complex, which are mainly caused by the features of agriculture. The necessity of state support for the agro-industrial complex of Russia on the basis of the identified problems is substantiated. The article analyzes the directions and measures of state support in Russia, the differences between the stated goals in the state program for the development of the agro-industrial complex and the results in practice. The lack of a comprehensive approach to solving existing problems and proper control over the implementation of the state program, ill-considered and insufficient funding of individual programs, lobbying by large agricultural holdings of their interests and the monopolization of agricultural production do not allow to rely on the development of small agribusiness and rural areas.

scholarly journals The Northern Sea Route: The Need and Prospects for Transit of Raw Materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Aleksey Mikhailovich Khorev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Arctic Region

The prospects and problems of using the Northern sea route for transportation of raw materials are examined. The author makes an attempt to study the current state of the Northern sea route as the most important transport corridor of the Arctic region, and analyzes the existing problems that reduce the economic efficiency of cargo transit along the NSR. The ways to improve the efficiency of transportation of raw materials along the Northern sea route are reviewed. The author assesses the importance of the Arctic region for the Russian Federation as a whole, as well as he points out the need for its development in the near future.

scholarly journals Why 20 Years of the Great Agreement did not Save Ukraine from Russian Military Aggression?

2018 ◽  
pp. 641-655
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Perepelytsia
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
Partnership Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Military

The article analyses significance of the Agreement on Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership between Ukraine and the Russian Federation. The author outlines the statement of the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko about the termination of the Agreement on Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership between Ukraine and the Russian Federation, analyses the reasons for delaying the breakdown of diplomatic relations with the aggressor country, and studies the trade-economic and financial reasons for such a delay. Fear of large-scale armed invasion in Ukraine, the existence of certain arrangements with negative consequences for the ownership of Ukrainian oligarchs in Russia and so on are distinguished among the reasons for the delay of denouncing this treaty. Therefore, Ukraine legally preserved strategic partnership relations with Russia and continued to develop trade and economic relations. The domestic policy of both states was characterized within the context of Russian-Ukrainian war; the main content of the analysis of the Great Agreement and its 20-year implementation period was revealed. Fundamental changes in relations between the West and Russia were formulated. The analysis of the interpretation of the main points and theses of the Agreement were carried out. After analyzing the Great Agreement the author considers it obvious that Ukraine and Russia have different conceptual views on the role of the Treaty in their development as well as in development of their interstate bilateral relations. The article analyses Russia’s ignoring of the main points and norms of the Agreement on Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership and describes the reasons for radicalization of relations both in political and social dimensions that have been provoked by the Russian-Ukrainian war. The author concludes that Russia under cover of the Great Agreement, created all conditions necessary for committing its military aggression against Ukraine and gives examples of war crimes. Keywords: Great Agreement, Ukraine, Russian Federation, diplomatic relations, partnership, status.

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