scholarly journals Gregorio Mayans y Vicente Blasco, dos generaciones de ilustrados valencianos y una misma preocupación cultural y religiosa: las poesías de fray Luis de León (1761)

2018 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
María Llum Juan Liern
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Spiritual Renewal ◽  
Close Collaboration ◽  
Christian Humanism ◽  
Two Generations

RESUMENEsta contribución pretende ser una reflexión crítica sobre esa coyuntura histórica del siglo XVIII, examinada a luz de la cultura y la religiosidad, para intentar esclarecer cómo el Setecientos español está enraizado en el movimiento de renovación espiritual que enlaza con el humanismo cristiano del siglo XVI y confirma un resurgimiento del influjo y magisterio de Erasmo. Esta corriente alimenta las inquietudes de dos valencianos que defendieron unas nuevas formas de religiosidad alejadas de la religiosidad barroca en la búsqueda de un equilibrio armonioso entre razón y Revelación: Gregorio Mayans y Síscar y, Vicente Blasco García y su estrecha colaboración para publicar la "Vida de Fr. Luis de León" y las "Obras propias y traducciones de Fr. Luis de León", que propició una interesante relación epistolar acerca del interés por los clásicos griegos y latinos así como los humanistas del siglo XVI.PALABRAS CLAVEHumanismo, Ilustración valenciana, fray Luis León, Gregorio Mayans, Vicente Blasco. TITLEGregorio Mayans and Vicente Blasco, two generations of valencian Enlightenment and the same cultural and religious concern: the poems of fray Luis de León (1761)ABSTRACTThis contribution aims to be a critical reflection on that historical conjuncture of the eighteenth century, examined in light of culture and religiosity, to try to clarify how the Spanish 18th century is rooted in the movement of spiritual renewal that links with the christian humanism of the sixteenth century and confirms a resurgence of the influence and teaching of Erasmus. This current feeds the concerns of two valencians who defended new forms of religiosity away from the Baroque religiosity, in the search for a harmonious balance between reason and Revelation: Gregorio Mayans Síscar and Vicente Blasco García and their close collaboration to publish the "Life of Luis de León" and theown works and translations of Fr. Luis de León, gave rise to a very interesting epistolary relationship about the interest in the greek and latin classics, and the humanists of the 16th century.KEY WORDSHumanism, Valencian Illustration, fray Luis de León, Gregorio Mayans, Vicente Blasco.

scholarly journals Gli erbari aretini da Andrea Cesalpino ai giorni nostri

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
University Museum ◽  
Over Time

The production of this book has been made possible by the collaboration of a number of scholars and the generosity of the Arezzo Provincial Authority. It provides detailed descriptions of the contents of precious botanical collections amassed by natives of Arezzo, or simply conserved in institutions situated within the territory. The book provides an overview of both herbals of dried plants and painted herbals from the sixteenth century up to the present, starting from the one created in 1563 by the Arezzo doctor Andrea Cesalpino. The first herbal in the world to be organised through systematic criteria, this collection is now in the Botanical Section of the Florence University Museum of Natural History, together with another small eighteenth-century herbal produced by a pharmacist from Cortona, Agostino Coltellini. Conserved in Cortona itself is another eighteenth-century herbal, this one painted by Mattia Moneti, while in Castiglion Fiorentino and Poppi respectively are the intriguing collections of the Hortus siccus pisanus (18th century) and of the Biblioteca Rilliana (late 17th century). Also described in the book is a herbal from the Convent of La Verna (18th century) and the Egyptian herbal of Jacob Corinaldi (19th century), conserved in Montevarchi. Finally there are also the modern herbals, illustrating the continuity over time of a practice that is the foundation of all systematic study. The book is in fact rounded off by an anastatic reprint of the description of the Cesalpino herbal published in 1858, which is still a seminal work for studies such as those contained in this collection.

scholarly journals Ayâns in the Ottoman Cyprus in the Second Half of the 18th Century

Belleten ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (264) ◽  
pp. 567-590
Author(s):  
Nuri Çevi̇kel
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
History Of

A process of fluctuation was experienced at the expense of the Muslim - non-Muslim reayah living in the Province of Cyprus exclusively in 1750­1800 A.D. In this period, along with the natural calamities like earthquakes, plagues, droughts and the likes, appeared other factors to play a decisive role in the case. One of the most important of them was a progression of "decentralization". It first appeared in the late sixteenth century as a result of inner and outer political, social and economic conditions, developed in the following century and widely spread all over the Ottoman Empire by the second half of the eighteenth century. Consequently, the proccss led the Ottoman central governments to lose or share its authority in provinces with newly emerged local powers called "ayans". To study the repercussions of the process, main subject of this writing, will obviously help someone to understand satisfactorily the history of Cyprus under the Ottoman rule, and grasp the whole picture of the conversions like that "process of decentralization". By this study one can also see determining to what extent and how those changings were tested in provinces is inevitable for clarifying the essence of the transitions which influenced the whole empire.

A Survey of British Literature on Buenos Aires During the First Half of the 19th Century

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Scott Myers
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
British Literature ◽  
New World ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
La Plata Basin ◽  
Great Attraction ◽  
The 19Th Century

The British involvement with Argentina has a long and, at times, tumultous history. Dating as far back as the 18th century the Rio de la Plata basin held a great attraction for British merchants. England needed Spanish America as a source of bullion and an outlet for individual goods.As early as the 1540s British vessels explored the coastlines, of Argentina. There already existed a considerable amount of trade between Brazil and England throughout the sixteenth century. The buccaneer William Hawkins, along with other Englishmen, was intent on expanding on this clandestine trade to other areas in the New World. Sometimes with the cooperation of the Spanish authorities, certain British merchants were able to maneuver themselves into the commercial life of these new colonies. By the eighteenth century the British had established numerous slave markets in Hispanic America including one in Buenos Aires.

scholarly journals MYSTICAL-METAPHYSICS: THE TYPE OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY IN NUSANTARA IN THE 17th-18th CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Humaidi Humaidi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Philosophical Thinking ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Islamic Mysticism ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

This article is aimed to analyze the geneology of the origin of philosophical thinking of scientists in Nusantara, especially the one which developed in the seventeenth and the eighteenth century, also included the themes which developed in those periods as disscussion material, the object of analyzes and debate. The history of Islamic entered in Nusantara more decribed with Islamic type which demansioned mysticism. This theses is based on the Islamic capacity which united the tradition and Nusantara culture which have the same background as Islamic mysticism, especially in Hindu and Budha. Only a few mentioned that Islam in Indonesia has the type of philosophical rational. The implication of this view is only a bit of the researches connected with Islam with rationally philosophical elemension. Based on the result of the writer’s investigation about the works of Islamic scientists in Nusantara like Hamzah Fansurî, Syams al-Dîn al-Sumatranî, Nûr al-Dîn al-Ranirî, Muhammad Yûsuf al-Maqassarî, ‘Abd al-Ra’ûf al-Sinkilî, ‘Abd al-Samad al-Palimbanî, and Muhammad Nafis al-Banjari indicates that their thinking and arguments are very rational. Their work have colorize the type of thinking of Islamic Philosophy in Nusantara which have developed since the seventeenth century even they have been started since the sixteenth century

The Musical Topic of the Mass in B Minor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Church Music ◽  
Sacred Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
Giovanni Pierluigi Da Palestrina ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century

If there is a fundamental musical subject of Johann Sebastian Bach’s Mass in B Minor, a compositional problem the work explores, it is the tension between two styles cultivated in church music of Bach’s time. One style was modern and drew on up-to-date music such as the instrumental concerto and the opera aria. The other was old-fashioned and fundamentally vocal, borrowing and adapting the style of Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, his sixteenth-century contemporaries, and his seventeenth-century imitators. The movements that make up Bach’s Mass can be read as exploring the entire spectrum of possibilities offered by these two styles (the modern and the antique), ranging from movements purely in one or the other to a dazzling variety of ways of combining the two. The work illustrates a fundamental opposition in early-eighteenth-century sacred music that Bach confronts and explores in the Mass.

Mechanisms for Unity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel K. Cohn, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Church

This chapter investigates changes in mentalities after the Black Death, comparing practices never before analysed in this context—funerary and labour laws and processions to calm God’s anger. While processions were rare or conflictual as in Catania and Messina in 1348, these rituals during later plagues bound communities together in the face of disaster. The chapter then turns to another trend yet to be noticed by historians. Among the multitude of saints and blessed ones canonized from 1348 to the eighteenth century, the Church was deeply reluctant to honour, even name, any of the thousands who sacrificed their lives to succour plague victims, physically or spiritually, especially in 1348: the Church recognized no Black Death martyrs. By the sixteenth century, however, city-wide processions and other communal rituals bound communities together with charity for the poor, works of art, and charitable displays of thanksgiving to long-dead holy men and women.

Schools of Empiricism

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-289
Author(s):  
Andreas Friedolin Lingg
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Scientific Observation ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Mining Town ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

Abstract Recent research emphasizes that empiricist approaches already emerged long before the seventeenth and eighteenth century. While many of these contributions focus on specific professions, it is the aim of this article to supplement this discourse by describing certain social spaces that fostered empiricist attitudes. A particularly interesting example in this respect is the mining region of the Erzgebirge (Saxony) in the fifteenth and sixteenth century. The following article will use this mining district as a kind of historical laboratory, as a space not only for scientific observation but also as a structure within which specific forms of knowledge were socially tested, to show how the economic transformation of this region supported the rise of characteristic elements of empiricist thinking. It is common practice to link the appraisal of useful knowledge, (personal) experience and the distrust towards (scholastic) authorities in those days with only small minorities. By addressing not only the struggles of the commercial elites but also the challenges faced by the average resident of a mining town, this paper tries to add to this view by demonstrating how entire masses of people inhabiting the late medieval Erzgebirge were affected by and schooled to think in empiricist ways.

‘Insolence and pride’: problems with the representation of the South-East Asian Portuguese communities in Alexander Hamilton's ‘A New Account of the East Indies’ (1727)

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-235
Author(s):  
STEFAN HALIKOWSKI-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Rhetorical Tropes

AbstractOne of the most influential European printed sources on South-East Asia at the turn of the eighteenth century was the Scottish sea-captain Alexander Hamilton's memoirs. The picture he paints of the Portuguese communities that had existed since the period of Portuguese ascendancy in the sixteenth century is overwhelmingly negative. But a close textual and empirical analysis of his text shows that not only was he frequently misinformed in terms of the historical developments relating to that community, but that he merely conforms to a set of standard rhetorical tropes we can associate with the Black Legend, which had grown up in Protestant countries of northern Europe since the 16th century to denigrate Portugal and her achievements. This article urges that this key text consequently be used with far greater circumspection than has hitherto been the case.

The Integration of Mission Theology and Practice: Zinzendorf and the Early Moravians

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Cultural Humility ◽  
Spiritual Renewal ◽  
Mission Theology ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Holy Spirit

AbstractThis paper explores the key characteristics of Count Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf's mission theology that influenced the early Moravian missional practice. After discussing the early eighteenth century European historical context and the Spirit-renewal of the Herrnhut community, the paper considers Zinzendorf's theology on the death of Christ, the prominent role of the Holy Spirit, and harvesting the "first fruits." These theological distinctives contributed in determining the motivation and message of these pioneer Protestant missionaries. It then takes into account some of the subsequent methods such as working with the marginalized, practicing the love of Christ in cultural humility, and preaching the gospel in the vernacular. The main contributions of the early Moravians to mission were that they brought an understanding that spiritual renewal preceded mission renewal, the atoning death of Christ is central to mission theology, and a Protestant recognition that it had an obligation to do mission. On the other hand, the foremost negative aspects of Moravian mission were their obsession with the physical death of Christ and an ignorance of the broader social issues that at times resulted in a lack of contextualization, religious syncretism, indifference to social justice, and extreme subjectivism.

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