The Effect of L-Carnitine, Green Tea Extract and Lotus Leaf Extract on the Body Fat Percentage in High Energy Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Background Obesity has become a public health issue of global concern. Obesity is often associated with the occurrence of many diseases, and will also increase mortality; it not only affects personal health, but also increases healthcare costs, thus reducing social productivity and causing negative social and economic impacts. Therefore, ameliorating obesity is an issue worth attention and effort. The development of a natural and safe anti-obesity combination is worthy of further research. It is known that L-carnitine, green tea and lotus leaves have anti-obesity potential, but there is no research and discussion on this novel combination to improve body fat. Objective This study explored how the dietary supplement formula containing L-carnitine, green tea extract and lotus leaf extract (CGL) lowered the body fat accumulation in rats induced by high-energy diet. Design The test used 60-week-old male Sprague Dawley® white rats, which were first divided into the control group (12 rats were given normal feed) and the experimental group (48 rats were given high energy diet; HE). The HE group was further divided into H2O and CGL groups (296, 593 and 1186 mg/kg, to be designated as CGL-L, CGL-M, CGL-H respectively). The rats were first fed with feed for five-weeks, and then fed with different doses of CGL by gavage starting from the sixth-week. After nine-weeks of feeding, the rats were sacrificed to obtain their body weight, feed intake, body fat, serum biochemical indices and liver lipid measurements. Results The results show that the final body weight of HE+CGL-L (578.8±41.6 g) was significantly lower than that of HE+H2O (634.9±42.2 g), and the body fat amount of HE+CGL-L (36.6±9.8 g) was significantly lower than that of HE+H2O (49.4±13.8 g). Feed efficiency and calorie efficiency of HE+CGL-L were also significantly lower than that of HE+H2O (p<0.001). HE+CGL-M and HE+CGL-H were also able to significantly reduce the final body weight, body fat amount and serum-free fatty acid concentration (p<0.05). Conclusion CGL can significantly reduce the final body weight, body fat amount, body fat ratio, feed efficiency and calorie efficiency. CGL has the potential as a new dietary supplement for weight loss. However, the significance of these results on humans taking the supplement for prolonged periods of time is unknown and should be a focus for future investigations.

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A maternal high-protein diet predisposes female offspring to increased fat mass in adulthood whereas a prebiotic fibre diet decreases fat mass in rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114513000998 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 110 (9) ◽

pp. 1732-1741 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Megan C. Hallam ◽

Raylene A. Reimer

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

High Protein Diet ◽

Female Offspring ◽

High Energy ◽

High Protein ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Final Body Weight

The negative effects of malnourishment in utero have been widely explored; the effects of increased maternal macronutrient intake are not known in relation to high fibre, and have been inconclusive with regard to high protein. In the present study, virgin Wistar dams were fed either a control (C), high-protein (40 %, w/w; HP) or high-prebiotic fibre (21·6 %, w/w; HF) diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. Pups consumed the C diet from 3 to 14·5 weeks of age, and then switched to a high-fat/sucrose diet for 8 weeks. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and an oral glucose tolerance test were performed and plasma satiety hormones measured. The final body weight and the percentage of body fat were significantly affected by the interaction between maternal diet and offspring sex: weight and fat mass were higher in the female offspring of the HP v. HF dams. No differences in body weight or fat mass were seen in the male offspring. There was a significant sex effect for fasting and total AUC for ghrelin and fasting GIP, with females having higher levels than males. Liver TAG content and plasma NEFA were lower in the offspring of high-prebiotic fibre dams (HF1) than in those of high-protein dams (HP1) and control dams (C1). Intestinal expression of GLUT2 was decreased in HF1 and HP1 v. C1. The maternal HP and HF diets had lasting effects on body fat and hepatic TAG accumulation in the offspring, particularly in females. Whereas the HP diet predisposes to an obese phenotype, the maternal HF diet appears to reduce the susceptibility to obesity following a high-energy diet challenge in adulthood.

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The Effect of Feeding Date Palm Fruit (Phoeix dactylifera L.) on Energy, Macronutrient, and Fiber Intakes of a Convenient Sample of Females

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401316666200326110555 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 1270-1277

Author(s):

Hiba F. Al-Sayyed ◽

Hamed R. Takruri ◽

Nawal A. Bakir ◽

Dima H. Takruri

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Date Palm ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Hormone Concentration ◽

Palm Fruit ◽

Menstrual Status ◽

Feeding Duration ◽

Effect Of Feeding

Background : Female menstrual changes in hormone concentration influence appetite and eating behavior. As well, eating pattern has some influences on menstrual hormonal status. Feeding date palm fruit has been found in our previous report to affect menstrual hormones and some menstrual parameters. Objective: The aim of this research is to study the effect of feeding dates on energy, macronutrient, and fiber intakes, body weight, and body fat%. Additionally, this study aims to find any correlation between menstrual hormone concentration and the above-mentioned parameters. Methods: A convenient sample (n=37) of not-sexually active females aged 20-30 were divided into two groups; one group (dates group) was fed 7 dates and the other served as a control group. The participants of the control group were exposed to the same experimental conditions except for eating dates. Throughout the feeding trial, the volunteers filled a 3-day food record; one menses day and two non-menses days. Results: There was a significant effect of the menstrual status-feeding duration interaction in terms of protein and fat intakes. Additionally, menstrual status, as well as feeding duration, affected energy and macronutrient intakes significantly. Furthermore, feeding duration affected fiber intake significantly. Despite the above-mentioned differences in energy and macronutrient intakes, these effects didn’t affect the body weight and body mass index of the study participants, neither their body fat%. Moreover, we have found significant correlations between nutrient intakes and menstrual hormone concentration. Conclusion : Feeding dates affected energy, macronutrient, and fiber intakes significantly. These effects were related to the changes in menstrual hormone concentration.

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Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usaa571 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽

Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽

Thalita Ponce ◽

Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Food Restriction ◽

Physical Exertion ◽

High Energy ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Sleep Restriction ◽

Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

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The putative effects of green tea on body fat: an evaluation of the evidence and a review of the potential mechanisms

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511003849 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 106 (9) ◽

pp. 1297-1309 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Navamayooran Thavanesan

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Green Tea ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

The Body ◽

Alternative Methods ◽

Future Research ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Simultaneous Inhibition

The increase in the prevalence of obesity in recent years has prompted research into alternative methods of modulating body weight and body fat. The last decade has reflected this with a surge in studies investigating the potential of green tea as a natural agent of weight loss, with a view to confirming and elucidating the mechanisms underlying its effect on the body. Currently, it is widely believed that the polyphenolic components present in green tea have an anti-obesogenic effect on fat homeostasis, by increasing thermogenesis or reducing fat absorption among other ways. The data published to date, however, are inconsistent, with numerous putative modes of action suggested therein. While several unimodal mechanisms have been postulated, a more plausible explanation of the observed results might involve a multimodal approach. Such a mechanism is suggested here, involving simultaneous inhibition of the enzymes catechol-O-methyltransferase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and impeding absorption of fat via the gut. An evaluation of the available evidence supports a role of green tea in weight loss; however the extent of the effects obtained is still subject to debate, and requires more objective quantification in future research.

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PSVIII-38 Late-Breaking Abstract: Estimating genetic parameters of feed efficiency traits in American mink

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.612 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 347-347

Author(s):

Pourya Davoudi ◽

Duy Ngoc Do ◽

Guoyu Hu ◽

Siavash Salek Ardestani ◽

Younes Miar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Genetic Correlation ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

American Mink ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Selection For

Abstract Feed cost is the major input cost in the mink industry and thus improvement of feed efficiency through selection for high feed efficient mink is necessary for the mink farmers. The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations for different feed efficiency measures, including final body weight (FBW), daily feed intake (DFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). For this purpose, 1,088 American mink from the Canadian Center for Fur Animal Research at Dalhousie Faculty of Agriculture were recorded for daily feed intake and body weight from August 1 to November 14 in 2018 and 2019. The univariate models were used to test the significance of sex, birth year and color as fixed effects, and dam as a random effect. Genetic parameters were estimated via bivariate models using ASReml-R version 4. Estimates of heritabilities (±SE) were 0.41±0.10, 0.37±0.11, 0.33±0.14, 0.24±0.09 and 0.22±0.09 for FBW, DFI, ADG, FCR and RFI, respectively. The genetic correlation (±SE) was moderate to high between FCR and RFI (0.68±0.15) and between FCR and ADG (-0.86±0.06). In addition, RFI had low non-significant (P > 0.05) genetic correlations with ADG (0.04 ± 0.26) and BW (0.16 ± 0.24) but significant (P < 0.05) high genetic correlation with DFI (0.74 ± 0.11) indicating that selection for lower RFI will reduce feed intake without adverse effects on the animal size and growth rate. The results suggested that RFI can be implemented in genetic/genomic selection programs to reduce feed intake in the mink production system.

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Hatchability, Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency, and Survival of Normal Feathered Local, Sasso-rir and Their F1-cross Chickens Under on-station Management Condition in Southern Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-569999/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

shewangizaw woltamo wolde ◽

Tadele Mirkena ◽

Aberra Melesse ◽

Tadelle Dessie ◽

Solomon Abegaz

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

The Body ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Egg Hatchability ◽

F1 Cross

Abstract The Normal Feathered local chicken (LL), Sasso-RIR (SRSR) and their F1-cross (LSR) chickens were hatched to evaluated for egg hatchability, growth performance, feed efficiency and survival rate. After 14-days of brooding, 150 chicks of each genotype were randomly selected and further replicated in to five pens in a deep litter grower house consisting of 30 chicks each in a completely randomized design, and evaluated for a period of 16-weeks. Hatchability of fertile eggs was highest for LL (80.0 %), intermediate for LSR (68.6%) and lowest for SRSR (55.9%) chickens. The body weight (BW) of chicks at 2-weeks of age was 80.0, 76.3 and 61.5 g/bird for SRSR, LSR, and LL, respectively, the latter being the lowest (p<0.05). The respective BW at 8-weeks of age was 732, 587 and 451 g while at 18-weeks it was 1877, 1379 and 1070 g/bird and different from each other (p<0.05). During 3- to 8-weeks and 9- to 18-weeks growth periods, the LL chickens were inferior (p< 0.05) in feed intake (29.7 and 66.9 g/d/bird) whereas the SRSR chickens were superior (p< 0.05) in body weight gain (15.5 and 16.3 g/d/bird) and feed conversion ratio (2.67 and 5.35 g feed/ g gain), respectively. The mortality rate of chicken was not affected by genotypes. It can be concluded that the exotic blood of Sasso-RIR chicken had played a significant role in upgrading the growth rate and market weight of the local Normal Feathered chicken without adverse effect on hatchability, feed efficiency, and survival rate.

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Quality characteristics and hatchability of eggs and serum electrolytes concentration of Gola, Giribaz and Ghiachundi pigeon breed

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v7i2.54988 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 107-112

Author(s):

Khaled Mahmud Sujan ◽

Manik Biswas ◽

Sakhawat Hossain Tareq ◽

Md Kamrul Islam

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Serum Sodium ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

The Body ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Serum Electrolytes ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Calcium And Phosphorus

The weather and vast areas of crop fields along with housing premises of Bangladesh are suitable for pigeon farming. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of eggs and serum electrolyte concentration of Gola, Giribaz and Ghiachundi pigeon squabs. Three pairs of each breed were reared in the cage with commercial feed and water. After laying eggs, the length and width of eggs were recorded. After hatching of eggs, eggshell thickness was recorded. The thickness of the eggshell was 0.15±0.01 mm, 0.15±0.01 mm, 0.15±0.00 mm for Gola, Giribaz and Ghiachundi breeds respectively. The body weights of the squabs were recorded at 7th and 45th day. The squabs were sacrificed on 45th day and the blood sample was collected and serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus concentration were measured by using appropriate analytical techniques. Serum sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus were: 102.93±15.95 (mmol/L), 11.18±2.19 (mmol/L), 6.20±1.11 (mmol/L), 4.53±0.45 (mmol/L) for Gola breed; 101.48±2.12 (mmol/L), 12.15±0.96 (mmol/L), 5.65±1.09 (mmol/L), 4.53±0.36 (mmol/L) for Giribaz breed and 95.18±6.71 (mmol/L), 11.99±0.91 (mmol/L), 5.09±0.75(mmol/L), 4.81±0.24 (mmol/L) for Ghiachundi breed respectively. A positive correlation has been found between thickness of eggshell and phosphorus while there is a negative correlation with calcium for Gola breed; both have been found insignificant for Giribaz breed and only calcium has been found significant for Ghiachundi breed. A strong correlation between the final body weight of the squab and K for the Gola breed; between the final body weight of the squab and Ca, P, K for Giribaz breed and between the final body weight of the squab and Ca, Na, K have been found. It could be concluded that serum electrolytes having an influential effect on egg characteristics and body weight of corresponding pigeon breed. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (2), 107-112

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