scholarly journals On the issue of chronic anemia in schoolchildren

1929 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1051-1058
Author(s):  
S. M. Marcuse

In this work, the goal is to get better acquainted with the clinical picture of anemia in chronically anemic schoolchildren and to investigate the relationship of the disease with some social and living conditions of children. For this, we took 2 Russian schools of the first stage, located in the same district of the city, but different in the social composition and living conditions of students, with a total of about 300 children who were under our supervision during the entire school period (1-4 years). Of these, children with a pronounced pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, observed for at least a year, were selected, who were allocated to the group of chronically anemic children, and an equal group of other children was taken to compare with them, from which a group of healthy children who showed a good complexion during throughout school life.

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lavoisier Almeida dosntos Santos ◽  
Valci Melo ◽  
Maria do Socorro Aguiar de Oliveira Cavalcante

This work had as an objective to examine the importance and the utilization of Paulo Freire’s legacy for the comprehension of the nature of education, the social historic conditioning of school and the relationship of the pedagogical practice-social practice. For that, we analyzed a discursive event occurred in teaching institutions of the city of Maceió, Ceará, Brazil. In order to carry out this analysis, in addition to Freire’s theory, we relied on the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the Discourse Analysis, founded in France, by Michel Pêcheux, anchored in the Dialectical and Historical Materialism. From the analyzed case, we demonstrate that, contrary to the accusations that attribute to Freirean ideas the responsibility for the negative results of Brazilian education, what exists is the total absence of these ideas in the concrete reality of Brazilian schools today. This fact reaffirms the importance of his work as a point of resistance against conservative policies and excluding pedagogical practices.


2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fujimori ◽  
Luciane Simões Duarte ◽  
Áurea Tamami Minagawa ◽  
Daniela Laurenti ◽  
Rosali Maria Juliano Marcondes Montero

This study assessed the relationship between anemia in infancy and the social reproduction profile of the families. It was conducted with a representative sample of 254 children of the city of Itupeva, SP. Hemoglobin < 11g/dL, determined by portable hemoglobin analyzer, was used to define anemia. Profiles of social reproduction had been built by 2 groups of indicators: working and living conditions. Three social homogeneous groups had been defined: upper, intermediate, lower. Anemia was prevalent in 41.7%, and more frequent in lower social groups (13.2%; 40.6%; 46.2%), but with no significant difference (p>0.05). However, profile of social reproduction of anemic families showed significant difference (p<0.05). Occurrence of anemia was related to poor working conditions in lower social groups and consequently inappropriate living conditions.


Author(s):  
Ezequiel Azevedo Santos ◽  
Graça Joaquim

Within the framework of the “Tourfly” project, in which cultural and creative industries are central research areas, the authors investigated the relationship of artists with the city of Lisbon by analyzing six emblematic cases where artists are core in the emergence of creative tourism in the city, in terms of both domestic and international tourism. Between the gentrification problem and the social recovery of human communities, the presence of simulacra in tourist offer as opposing to authenticity experiences, the data from six focus group is presented, discussed, and theorized along this current chapter bringing a contribution for the understanding of artists' role in the design of both innovative and social sustainable tourist practices.


2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Murilo da Silva Alves ◽  
Flávia Azevedo de Mattos Moura Costa ◽  
Maurício Santana Moreau ◽  
Claudia Benedita dos Santos ◽  
Maridalva de Souza Penteado ◽  
...  

Os riscos de mortalidade por homicídio são bastante diferenciados, segundo as condições de vida dos grupos sociais. Deste modo, a construção de indicadores que contribuam para o diagnóstico das condições de vida das populações possibilita um direcionamento das ações de saúde de modo mais específico às populações mais vulneráveis. O estudo buscou obter a correlação espacial e estudar a associação entre a condição de vida e a distribuição das residências de vítimas de homicídios no ano de 2010, no município de Itabuna-BA. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, utilizando o Indicador Adaptado de Condição de Vida, para o qual recorreu-se a dados das Declarações de Óbito e dados censitários do ano de 2010. Nas análises estatísticas empregou-se o software SPSS 18, enquanto o ArcGIS 10 foi utilizado nos georreferenciamentos. A comparação dos mapas de condição de vida e residência das vítimas de homicídios evidenciou relação entre o fenômeno e áreas mais carentes da zona urbana do município. A Razão de Chances bruto, quando comparados os clusters alta e baixa condição de vida foi igual a 12,62 e igual a 6,93 para os clusters de média e baixa condição de vida. A estratificação do município, segundo condições de vida e distribuição espacial das residências das vítimas de homicídios permitiu a identificação de áreas onde a população está mais vulnerável, fornecendo subsídios para ações de vigilância à questão da violência.Palavra-chave: Homicídio. Condições Sociais. Distribuição Espacial da População.AbstractThe homicide mortality risks are quite different according to the social groups’living conditions. Thus, the construction of indicators that contribute to the diagnosis of the population living conditions enables the guidance of health actions in a more specific way to the most vulnerable populations. The study aimed to obtain the spatial correlation and study the association between the living conditions and the distribution of homicide victims’ residences during the year of 2010, in the city of Itabuna-Bahia. This is an ecological study using the indicator Adapted from Living Conditions, to which resorted to data from death certificates and census data in the year of 2010. In the statistical analysis it was used the SPSS 18 softwares as the ArcGIS 10 was used in georeferencing. The comparison between the maps of living conditions and homicide victims residences highlighted the relationship between the phenomenon and the poorest areas of the urban zone of the municipality. The crude odds ratio when comparing the high and low living conditions clusters was equal to 12.62 and equal to 6.93 for the average and low living conditions clusters. The stratification of the municipality according to living conditions and spatial distribution of the homicides victims’ residences allowed the identification of areas where the population is morevulnerable, providing support for surveillance activities to the violence issue.Keywords: Homicide. Social Conditions. Residence Characteristics


2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Da Silva Mello ◽  
Arno Vogel

Este artigo busca descrever e analisar a atividade da pesca artesanal no município de Maricá (RJ), para chegar, finalmente, à discussão dos impactos socioambientais da expansão da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro sobre suas lagunas e restingas. O registro da evolução histórica da paisagem de Maricá, a partir da literatura dos viajantes – naturalistas e geógrafos–, desde o século XIX, constitui, juntamente com uma ampla discussão da natureza, dinâmica e perspectivas dos ambientes lacustres fluminenses, o cerne da proposta para uma etnografia de seu manejo, pelas comunidades de pescadores e pela engenharia sanitária e urbana, com suas distintas, conflitantes e concorrentes concepções dos mecanismos de seu funcionamento (estagnação versus circulação); nesse caso, analisa-se a relação do conjunto de lagunas como mar, ou seja, a questão das barras oceânicas permanentes versus barras oceânicas sazonais. Palavras-chave: comunidades pesqueiras; pesca lacustre; manejo de ecossistemas lacustres. Abstract: The article describes and analyzes small-scale non-industrial fishing in the city of Maricá. The final aim of this study is to discuss the social and environmental impact of Greater Metropolitan Rio de Janeiro on the Maricá region’s lagoons and saltmarshes. Registering the historical evolution of Maricá’s landscape, using literature written by traveling naturalists and geographers since the XIX Century, constitutes, together with an ample discussion of the nature, dynamics and perspectives of Fluminense lagoon environments, the core proposal of this ethnographical research is how a regional environment is handled by fishermen as well as sanitary and urban engineering with its distinct, conflicting and competing conceptions of operational mechanics (stagnation versus circulation) in this case, specifically, the relationship of the group of lagoons to the sea is analyzed, i.e., the problem of permanent oceanic bars versus seasonal sand bars. Keywords: fishing communities; lagoon fishery; lacustrine ecosystems handling.


Author(s):  
А.Л. Журавлев ◽  
Д.А. Китова

По статистическим данным смертность в России вновь превысила рождаемость. В качестве причин такой ситуации чаще всего называют экономические факторы, но мировой опыт показывает, что проблема низкого уровня рождаемости не всегда обусловлена трудностями экономического содержания. Предполагается, что социально-демографическая ситуация может быть обусловлена психологическими факторами, которые будут проявлять себя в характере (особенностях) отношения к детям. Целью исследования выступает выявление структурных и содержательных составляющих отношения пользователей социальных сетей к детям. Объектом исследования являются пользователи социальной сети Twitter на территории России, а также сообщения (твиты) пользователей, в контексте которых присутствует слово «дети». В исследовании использована авторская (М.А. Китов) автоматизированная система анализа текстов и эмоционального фона сообщений. Основные выводы исследования сводятся к следующим позициям. Ребенок воспринимается пользователями социальной сети как высшая экзистенциональная ценность, на удовлетворение нужд которого должны быть направлены значительные ресурсы семьи и общества. Ведущими смыслами отношения к детям выступают духовные смыслы. На втором плане актуализируются материальные проблемы, которые воспринимаются пользователями сети как важные условия социализации ребенка и облегчения условий жизни семьи. При этом финансовая и социальная помощь государства, направленная на поддержание условий жизни ребенка в семье, воспринимается пользователями как недостаточная. Наиболее яркой среди проблем, обсуждаемых пользователями социальной сети Twitter, выступает проблема поведения ребенка, которая, как по количественным, так и по качественным характеристикам, превосходит все остальные обсуждаемые в сети ситуации. При этом основной фон оценок поведения ребенка носит негативный оттенок и связан с его поведением. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о социальной и психологической значимости представленной проблемы, которая должна привлечь внимание психологов, социологов и социальных работников. According to statistics, the death rate in Russia has again exceeded the birth rate. Economic factors are often cited as the reasons for this situation, but world experience shows that the problem of low birth rates is not always caused by difficulties in economic maintenance. It is assumed that the socio-demographic situation may be due to psychological factors that will manifest themselves in the nature (features) of the relationship to children. The purpose of the study is to identify the structural and content components of the relationship of social network users to children. The object of the study is users of the social network Twitter in Russia, as well as messages (tweets) of users in the context of which the word "children" is present. The author's (M.A. Kitov) automated system for analyzing texts and the emotional background of messages was used in the study. The main conclusions of the study are summarized in the following positions. The child is perceived by users of the social network as the highest existential value, to meet the needs of which significant resources of the family and society should be directed. The leading meanings of the relationship to children are spiritual meanings. In the background, material problems are updated, which are perceived by users of the network as important conditions for the socialization of the child and the simplification of the family's living conditions. At the same time, financial and social assistance from the state aimed at maintaining the child's living conditions in the family is perceived by users as insufficient. The most striking problem discussed by users of the social network Twitter is the problem of child behavior, which, both in quantitative and qualitative characteristics, exceeds all other situations discussed in the network. At the same time, the main background of assessments of the child's behavior is negative and is associated with his behavior. The results of the study indicate the social and psychological significance of the presented problem, which should attract the attention of psychologists, sociologists and social workers.


Ciudades ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 159-184
Author(s):  
Nausicaa Pezzoni

This paper presents the result of an empirical study on mapping three Italian cities from the point of view of migrants during the first period of their stay. It aims at exploring an emerging issue in the contemporary government of a city that is increasingly inhabited by transitory populations: the relationship of its new inhabitants to the urban landscape. Drawing upon a method introduced by Kevin Lynch, 150 maps of the ‘landfall city’ came to life; in the first part the research method and its first application in Milan are presented; in the second part other two surveys, in Rovereto and Bologna, are introduced within the project “Migrants Mapping Europe”, aimed at incrementally building an European map of the present that brings to surface the meaning and forms of the transitory living conditions in the territories of contemporaneity.


ILUMINURAS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Isabelle

O papel primordial da água nas paisagens do estuário guajarino, situado na foz do rio Amazonas, convida à investigação acerca da memória das comunidades ribeirinhas da cidade de Belém. Através da observação etnográfica das paisagens ribeirinhas do Porto do Sal, situado no centro histórico da cidade, analiso a relação dos habitués do lugar com o ambiente que, neste caso, representa a zona mestiça de água e de terra que define o lugar. A relação íntima e própria dos habitués do Porto do Sal com a baía influencia diretamente suas relações sociais dinâmicas e as suas expressões imaginárias. A partir da perspectiva da Antropologia Urbana e de acordo com uma abordagem “sensível” desenvolvida por Pierre Sansot (1973), realizada principalmente por meio das artes visuais é possível identificar aspectos do cotidiano de tais pessoas junto ao Porto do Sal e ao Rio Guamá, bem como as formas sociais que unem os sujeitos entre si e ao meio. A proposta de construção de uma reflexão considera o ambiente como elemento da experiência estética e ética com o lugar, com destaque ao registro sensorial na forma de habitar o mundo urbano e de senti-lo nos gestos mais cotidianos e no estar-junto em relação (Maffesoli, 1999; 2010), configurando as paisagens ribeirinhas da urbe na Cidade Velha. A descrição etnográfica visa produzir imagens do Porto do Sal enquanto um conjunto de paisagens com a intenção de estimular a reflexão sobre o imaginário no contexto amazônico, especialmente do mundo urbano belemense. Palavras chaves: Paisagens. Porto do Sal. Imaginário. Memória. Arte.  Digging waters and exploring Porto do Sal: Essays on an ethnographic itineraryAbstractThe importance of water in the estuary landscapes of the Guajará Bay invites us to investigate the memory of the riverine communities of the city of Belém, Northern Brazil. Through an ethnographic observation of the riverine community of Porto do Sal, I propose to analyze the relationship of the inhabitants with their environment, in this case the encounter of water and land in the urban environment of Belém. The intimate relationship of the habitués of Porto do Sal with the Guajará Bay directly influences their social relations and imaginary expressions. From the perspective of urban anthropology and according to Pierre Sansot’s sensitive approach (1973), I propose a reflection that considers the environment as an aesthetic and ethic experience with the place based on a definition of the landscape as a phenomenon that originates from the human experience in the world. I put a particular emphasis on the sensitive register of the daily experience of the urban world, on the day-to-day gestures and the “being-together” (Maffesoli, 1999; 2010) that are specific to riverine landscapes of the waterside of Belém’s old port. In this case, the ethnographic description aims to produce images of Porto do Sal as an ensemble of landscapes, with the intention to stimulate reflection about the social imaginary in the Amazon region, specifically in the urban environment of Belém. Key words: Landscapes. Porto do Sal. Aesthetic. Memory. Art. 


2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Ferreira Ávila ◽  
Rosa Cristina Monteiro

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta considerações acerca das movimentações sociais que eclodiram pelo Brasil em junho de 2013, vistas sob a perspectiva da Análise Institucional. Assume-se posição implicada, ressaltando a relação das contradições inerentes à urbanidade evidenciadas como operadores analíticos, reconhecendo atravessamentos à produção de subjetividade no meio urbano e seus paradoxos. Lança olhar à micropolítica das forças instituintes desejantes e sociais expressadas nas ruas, apresentando focos possíveis às lutas coletivas por transformação. Por fim, destaca-se a possibilidade de contribuições das reflexões construídas pelos diversos saberes, abrindo caminho para novas interrogações na invenção de outras análises e movimentos.Palavras-chave: Psicologia Institucional; Manifestações Públicas – Brasil; Movimentos de Protesto; Cidade; Subjetividade.               ABSTRACT This article presents considerations concerning the social movements that erupted in Brazil, June 2013, viewed from the Institutional Analysis perspective. Assuming an implicated position, emphasizing the relationship of the contradictions inherent to urbanity evidenced as analyzers, recognizing crossings in the production of subjectivity in the urban environment and their paradoxes. It looks at the micro-politics of the desiring and socially instituting forces expressed in the streets, as a possible focus on collective struggles for transformation. Finally it highlights the possibility of contributions from various knowledge forms, showing the way for new questions in the invention of other analyses and movements.Keywords: Institutional Psychology; Public Demonstrations – Brazil; Protest Movements; City; Subjectivity.


Author(s):  
Jonathan Diesselhorst

This article discusses the struggles of urban social movements for a de-neoliberalisation of housing policies in Poulantzian terms as a “condensation of the relationship of forces”. Drawing on an empirical analysis of the “Berliner Mietenvolksentscheid” (Berlin rent referendum), which was partially successful in forcing the city government of Berlin to adopt a more progressive housing policy, the article argues that urban social movements have the capacity to challenge neoliberal housing regimes. However, the specific materiality of the state apparatus and its strategic selectivity both limit the scope of intervention for social movements aiming at empowerment and non-hierarchical decision-making.


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